1、非謂語動(dòng)詞,1. to do 2.-ing 3.done,非謂語,不定式（to do),V-ing,V-ed,as a noun,as adj. or adv.,現(xiàn)在分詞,動(dòng)名詞,過去分詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞 的分類,使用條件,一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動(dòng)詞.,非謂語動(dòng)詞的,Smoking is bad for health. 2. His hobby is swimming. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my

2、 father is Mr. Wang. 5. He decided to try again.,找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語）,is,is,heard,is,decided,一、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語 能作主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。二者的 區(qū)別是：表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比 較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞作主語 時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it 作形式主語放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 3) C

3、ollecting information is very important to business men. 4) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.,(抽象),(具體),Itbe名詞/形容詞todo Itbe形容詞 for sb /of sbtodo It takes/took sb +時(shí)間+to do It is necessary _(spend) enough time on English if you want to learn it well.,to spend,1). To make a plan first is a

4、 good idea.,= It is a good idea to make a plan first.,2). It takes three hours to walk there.,It is possible for him to master the art of speaking. It was careless of him to break the coffee cup.,= He was careless to break the coffee cup.,2. 動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。,It is/was,no use/good,no

5、t any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up too late every day.,若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)保持形式 上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。 1. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如： want, wish, hope, manage, demand,

6、promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。,2. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, deny. 1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just ref

7、uses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,C,B,3.有些動(dòng)詞如intend, start, continue后既可以跟不定式又可以跟

8、動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別。 I intend to finish/ finishing the task this morning. 但love, like, hate, prefer后接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性的行為；接不定式表示具體的行為。 1). I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon. A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming,C,2). Little Jim should love _ to th

9、e theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,A,A,4. 既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但不定 式用被動(dòng)式的形式；動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式的形式。 句子的意思沒有差別。但句子得主語一般是 一表物的名詞或代詞。這類動(dòng)詞主要有： want、need、require等。,1) Your watch needs repairing to be repaired. 2) The windows need painting again to be painted again.,5. 有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又

10、可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓 語，但意義上有區(qū)別。如forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try, go on, cant help等。 remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生。 mean doing 意思是；意味著 mean to do 意欲，打算要做 stop to do 停下來要做 stop doing 停止正在做的動(dòng)作 try doing 試著做 try to do sth. 試圖做 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁

11、，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做,1). If you think treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2). When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriv

12、ing; leaving D. arriving; to leave,D,C,6. 1). I have no choice but to accept the fact. 2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 3). Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his

13、 not being able D. him to be not able 介詞后可接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語。,D,C,Practice As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head

14、 with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit,B,D,下面從二個(gè)方面來復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞,1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則 2.非謂語動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟,非謂語動(dòng)詞題的做題技巧,一.非謂語動(dòng)詞的 七大經(jīng)典原則,原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B.

15、being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 故選 D。,2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making,3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked mys

16、elf what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved,【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng) 時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì) 兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。,原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.,4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】lis

17、ten是伴隨sat而同時(shí)由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語；listen to 后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。,listen to do/doing ,用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. Write to the editor , _that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest ) 3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long

18、speech. ( prepare ) 4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep ),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,ing形式作伴隨狀語與 to do作目的狀語的區(qū)別： 作伴隨狀語的ing形式與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且 前面常常帶一逗號(hào);而作目的狀語的不定式的動(dòng)作要在 謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號(hào)。,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors h

19、ave taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。,6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the y

20、ear，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A.have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching,8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. A. to fi

21、nd B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。,原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。 但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng) 式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”

22、，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此可排除 B 和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選 A。,10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,【解析】of 后應(yīng)接-ing，desks 與open and close 之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因coul

23、d be heard，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,of,11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed,a stranger,his eyes,sitting,seat vt.,I seated myself.,=I was seated.,=I

24、sat down,fix ones eyes upon,1. seat和sit作為動(dòng)詞，都可以表示“坐”的意思。 (1) seat是及物動(dòng)詞，比較正式，常以被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義。如： He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和湯姆之間。 Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) (2) sit通常作不及物動(dòng)詞用，比較口語化。如： The students are sitting at their desks. 學(xué)生們正坐在課桌旁。 Sit down, please. 2. seat還可作名詞用(而sit只能作動(dòng)

25、詞用)，常見短語take a seat (相當(dāng)于have a seat或take ones seat) ，意為“坐下，就座”。如： Take your seat, please. 請(qǐng)就坐。,原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.,12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given t

26、o John,(be) faced with,Faced with,13. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因?yàn)?watching 的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選項(xiàng) A 和 B ；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以選項(xiàng) D 中的 rings 是錯(cuò)誤的。,watching,原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情

27、況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. to be separated,【解析】因?yàn)?Australia 與 separate 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 separate發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞 has 之前，所以用

28、-ing的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語。,has,15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making,【解析】因?yàn)?The manager 與 make 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 make 發(fā)生在謂語 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語，having made . 相當(dāng)于 who had made. 的意思。,left,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you

29、 know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,he studied in ? he will study in? he studies in?,C,A,B,is,sb is said to do 據(jù)說,原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，原則是： 用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生; 用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行; 用過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。 17.There will be more than three hundred scien

30、tists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait,the meeting,the day after tomorrow,visitors,19. “Things _ nev

31、er come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,Things,The last one,lose vt. lose sb/sth,注：受 the first， the second . the last 修飾 的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。,You are the second

32、to make that mistake. 你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。,原則一：用作目的狀語，,原則二：用作伴隨狀語，,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，,原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，,原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，,原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作 之前時(shí)，,原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，,原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式.,原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上用-ing.,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，可用-ing/ to do ,原則區(qū)別是： -ing 表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，to do 表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。,原則四:凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。 如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式； 如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用

33、-ing的被動(dòng)形式。,原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語應(yīng)與 主句主語保持一致。,原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，原則上 要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）,原則七：用于名詞后作定語，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作 尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。,二. 非謂語動(dòng)詞解題 四大步驟,（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it .,Having b

34、een told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told,C,_,A,注意連詞,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),沒有連詞連接,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在；一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開；名詞或代詞與其后的分詞，形容詞，不定式或介詞是邏輯上的主謂

35、關(guān)系。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息了。 There being nothing to do, we went home. 沒別的事可做我們就回家了。,確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。,怎么加?,非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語，特別是當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)

36、，其邏輯主語通常是主句的主語，若不然，則得加上自己的邏輯主語，這時(shí)就構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。,（二）找邏輯主語,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.,一般來說， 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語； 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ),邏輯主語是賓語； 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,邏輯主語是被修飾詞

37、。,分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,_from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See,A,B,解析：句1. “地球”被“看起來”，表被動(dòng)，故選A， 用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。 句2. 我們主動(dòng)看.即表主動(dòng)，故選B。,（三）分析語態(tài),A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1.

38、_ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,（四）分析時(shí)態(tài),1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,二. 找邏輯主語,三、分析語態(tài),四、分析時(shí)態(tài),一. 辨別“謂與非謂”,三. 非謂語動(dòng)詞解題步驟,方法總結(jié)： 謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài),Practice,Challenge yourself!,1. A railway stati