1、2020/9/23,1,高三英語總復習語法,基本句型,2020/9/23,2,什么是句子？,句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個字母必須大寫，結尾要有？ ！,I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !,2020/9/23,3,句子包括哪些成分？,主語：主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從句充當它的位置一般在句首,The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. Th

2、ey are good friends.,2020/9/23,4,謂語：,謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構成,They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.,2020/9/23,5,表語：,表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當表語位于系動詞后面,I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. The

3、y are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.,2020/9/23,6,賓語,賓語是動作，行為的對象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當它和及物動詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后,She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy.,2020/9/23,7,賓語補足語,在英語中，有些句子只有賓語

4、并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當,If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.,2020/9/2

5、3,8,狀語,狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語充當，也可由從句來充當,He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.,2020/9/23,9,定語,定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，

6、代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當定語,The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.,2020/9/23,10,2020/9/23,11,基本句型一主語 + 系動詞 + 表語： A foreign language is a weapon

7、 in the struggle of life. The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft.,系動詞詞義不完整，在句中不能單獨使用（除省略句外），后面必須接有表語，系動詞和表語一起構成合成謂語。,2020/9/23,12,一、系動詞的分類： 常見的系動詞大致可分為三類。 第一類：表示特征或狀態(tài)的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（結果是、證明是）等。 Youll be all right soon. You dont look very well.

8、 I feel rather cold.,2020/9/23,13,He seems to be ill. It appears that he is unhappy. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! The day turned out (to be) a fine one.,2020/9/23,14,第二類：表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a wo

9、rld-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad.,2020/9/23,15,Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Marys face went red. His dream has come true. The boys blood ran cold.,2020/9/23,16,第三類：表示保持狀態(tài)的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。 Keep quiet, children! The weather

10、continued fine for a long time. It remains to be proved.,2020/9/23,17,系動詞后的表語可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞、動名詞、不定式、副詞、介詞短語、詞組、從句，系動詞be可用于上述所有情況。 The news was surprising.（分詞） His job is teaching English.（動名詞） The only method is to give the child more help.（不定式） I must be off now.（副詞） The bridge is under constru

11、ction.（介詞短語） That would be a great weight off my mind.（詞組） This is why he was late.（從句）,2020/9/23,18,所有的系動詞都可接形容詞作表語，此處略舉數(shù)例。 Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. Do you feel cold？ You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting col

12、d. He often went hungry.,2020/9/23,19,3.能用不定式作表語的系動詞有：appear， seem， get， prove， remain， turn out等。 She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold. They got to be friends。 The meeting turned out to be successful. The theory proved to be right. Much remains to be done.,2020

13、/9/23,20,4. 能接從句的有：be， seem， appear， sound， look等。 Thats why he fell ill. My idea is that we should help him. It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you had a cold. It looks as if it is going to rain.,

14、2020/9/23,21,5. 能接介詞短語的有：be， feel， look， sound， taste，remain等。 be是特別活躍的系動詞，其后可接很多介詞短語作表語。 He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday. They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave. The road is under repair.,2020/9/23,22,其他系動詞能和介詞搭配的范圍很小。如： It feels like a rain. It looks like a rain. It sound

15、s like a train going under my room. It tastes of apples.（這有蘋果的味道。） The concert remains in my memory.,2020/9/23,23,6. 能接分詞的系動詞有：be， become， get， grow， seem， appear等。 His report was surprising/ disappointing/delighting/moving/ astonishing The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished。

16、 He has become/ got/ grown/ interested in modern physics。 He seems/ appears drunk。 系動詞后還可接代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、副詞及其詞組，基本都是be的用法。其他系動詞幾乎不能這樣用或很少這樣用。,page43,2020/9/23,24,一.縱觀歷年的高考題，對系動詞的考查一直是高考中非常重要的熱點之一，對于考生來說也是難點所在。 高考對系動詞考查的覆蓋面廣，涉及的系動詞較多，重點考查的是 get ，其次是 feel 和 remain ，考查的難度在逐年增大。 二 . 對表示狀態(tài)變化的系動詞的考查 英語中常見的表示狀態(tài)

17、變化的系動詞有 get ， turn ， turn out （結果是）， go ， come （成為）， fall ， become 等。,2020/9/23,25,1. 對 get 的考查 get 表示狀態(tài)的改變，意為“變成，變得，做成”，它后面可以接形容詞、 v-ing 形式、過去分詞等。 Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,2020/9/23,26, Be care

18、ful when you cross this very busy street, if not, you may _ run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,分析：例中考查的是“ get 過去分詞”構成的系表結構。例 get changed 意為“換衣服”，例 get run over 意為“碾過，壓過”，例 get separated 意思是“

19、沖散，分離”，所以正確答案分別是 A 、 B 、 B 。,2020/9/23,27,2. 對 go 的考查 系動詞 go 的意義是“變成，成為”，后多跟形容詞，如 go bad, go mad, go wrong, go hungry, go sour 等。例如： On hearing the news of the accident in coal mine, she _ pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared,分析：該題考查的是“ go+adj. ”系表結構。 got 和 changed 不能與 pale 搭配起來表達這一狀態(tài)的變化，而 ap

20、peared 是表示狀態(tài)存在的系動詞。所以正確答案是 C 。,2020/9/23,28,3. 對 fall 的考查 系動詞 fall 表示“（不知不覺地或突然地）進入狀態(tài)”，后常跟形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等，如： fall ill （生?。?， fall apart （散開）， fall asleep, fall into a deep sleep （睡熟）。例如： As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read

21、; fell,分析：該題第二空考查的是系動詞“ fall+adj. ”結構， fall asleep 是短暫性動詞短語，不能用于進行時態(tài)，故正確答案是 B 。句意是“她讀報時，奶奶睡著了?！?2020/9/23,29,三 . 對表示狀態(tài)存在的系動詞的考查 常見的有 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie （處于某種狀態(tài)）， stand （處于某種狀態(tài)）等。 1. 對 remain 的考查 系動詞 remain 的意思是“保持，繼續(xù)，依然不變”，后常接名詞、形容詞、副詞、介

22、詞短語、不定式等。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C.seeing D. seen,2020/9/23,30, Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues,分析：例中的 remain 是個半系動詞，“有待

23、被看，證實”，所以應用不定式的被動式，故答案是 B 。例中 remain poor 意為“仍然很差”， maintain 意為“維持，保持，繼續(xù)”，不與形容詞 poor 連用，所以正確答案是 B 。,2020/9/23,31,2. 對 stay 的考查 stay 意為“保持原狀，維持”，后面可以接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞等。 The weather has stayed warm all week. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay

24、C. be staying D. have stayed,分析：該題考查的是系動詞 stay 后接形容詞（ fresh ）的系表結構，它表示一種存在的狀態(tài)，主動形式表示被動意義，這種結構一般不能用于進行時態(tài)，所以正確答案是 B 。,2020/9/23,32,3. 對 appear 的考查 appear 的含義是“似乎，好像，看來（如關于某人的性格、感情或意圖）”，此時不用進行式，后接形容詞、名詞、動詞不定式等。 She appeared rather upset about something. 看來有些什么事使她心煩。 Do let your mother know all the trut

25、h. She appears _ everything. （上海 2001 ） A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,2020/9/23,33,分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已經知道一切事情?！本渲?tell 后面沒有賓語，故用不定式的被動式，又因為“知道一切”發(fā)生在“告訴真相”之前，要用完成式。所以正確答案是 D 。,4. 對 feel 的考查 feel 的意思是“感覺是，似乎”，后常接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等。 I love to go to the seaside in summe

26、r. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes,2020/9/23,34, - Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,分析：這兩道考題考查的是“ fell+adj. ”的系表結構。例中 feel good 意為“感覺舒服”；例 feel soft 意為“摸上去軟和”，此時，主動結構表示被動的含義。所以正確答案分別是 B 和 C 。

27、,2020/9/23,35,5. 對系動詞 look 的考查 look 有“看來，顯得”等意，后面常接形容詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、從句等。 The plan looks good on paper, but will it work? 這個計劃從表面上看來不錯，但能行得通嗎？ -You dont look very _. Are you ill? - No,Im just a bit tired. A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy,分析：盡管提供的四個備選項都是形容詞，但 look well 的意思是“看上去氣色好”，符合對話的語境，故正確答案是 B

28、。,2020/9/23,36,6. 對 sound 的考查 sound 有“聽起來，令人覺得，似乎”等含義，后面可以接形容詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、不定式等。 She sounds to be a very strange woman. 聽起來她似乎是一個非常古怪的女人。 What he said sounds _ . A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully,分析：四個選項中只有 friendly 是形容詞，可以和 sound 連用構成系表結構，其他三項都是副詞，只能作狀語不能作表語，所以正確答案是 C 。,2020/9/23,37,

29、7. 對 taste 的考查 taste 在使用時不用進行時態(tài)，含義是“嘗起來，有某種特殊的味道”，一般接形容詞構成系表結構。 These oranges taste nice. 這些橙子味道很好。 These oranges taste _ . A.good B. well C. to be good D. to be well,分析： taste 是系動詞，所以要用形容詞 good 作其表語。 well 作形容詞時，意思是“健康的”，只能形容人，不能形容物。故正確答案是 A 。,2020/9/23,38,8. 對 smell 的考查 smell 經常與形容詞連用，意思是“聞起來，有氣味，發(fā)

30、出的氣味”。 This book smells old. 這本書有一股霉味。 We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _ . A. well; well B. bad; bad C. well; badly D. badly; bad,分析：第一空前的 smell 是不及物動詞，意為“嗅，聞，有嗅覺”，副詞 badly 修飾 smells ；而第二空前的 smell 是系動詞，與形容詞 bad 構成系表結構。 答案為D,2020/9/23,39,主謂結構 本結構是由主語加不及物的謂

31、語動詞構成, 常用來表示主語的動作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak building

32、s will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,2020/9/23,40,鞏固練習：,1她昨天回家很晚。 2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 3在過去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經發(fā)生了巨大變化. 41919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。 5每天八時開始上課。,2. The meeting will last two hours.,3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4. The May Fourth Movement bro

33、ke out in Beijing in 1919.,5. Classes begin at eight every day.,1. She went home very late yesterday evening.,2020/9/23,41,鞏固練習：,6這個重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有許多學生到圖書館來借書。,6. This box weighs five kilos.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,8.In autumn, some birds fly to the

34、south.,9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,2020/9/23,42,主謂賓結構,本結構是由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語構成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結構異常復雜。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go ne

35、xt. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,2020/9/23,43,鞏固練習：,1昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談談。 3這本書他讀過多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計劃。 5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read

36、 this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,2020/9/23,44,鞏固練習：,6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 7Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。 9. 他不知道說什麼好。 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？,I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.,Jim cannot dress himself.,Al

37、l of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,He did not know what to say.,Do you mind my opening the window?,2020/9/23,45,英語基本句型4 雙賓語結構 說明：此結構由“主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beau

38、tiful dress for me.,2020/9/23,46,用to側重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。 用for 側重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。 常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,2020/9/23,47

39、,鞏固練習： 1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。,Mr Johnson taught us German last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,2020/9/23,48,鞏固練習： 5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ 6新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 7他用他的第一個月工

40、資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。,Shall I call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a lot of labour.,7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,2020/9/23,49,英語基本句型5 復合賓語結構 說明: 此結構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系或主表關系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun k

41、eeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut.,2020/9/23,50,They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結構平衡，是英語常用的句型結構方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,2020/9/23,51,鞏固練習： 1我們叫她Alice. 2我

42、們大家都認為他是誠實的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7他每個月理一次發(fā) 8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He

43、 has his hair cut every month.,We wont let her go out at night.,2020/9/23,52,9那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。 11我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word use

44、d that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,2020/9/23,53,英語基本句型6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構成，用以表達存在關系可以稱“有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語

45、動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,2020/9/23,54,Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be；the

46、re is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去曾經有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,2020/9/23,55,鞏固練習： 1這個村子過去只有一口井。 2客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 3天氣預報說下午有大風。 4燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影

47、院的.,There was only a well in the village.,Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,The light is on. There must be someone in the office.,There used to be a cinema here before the war.,2020/9/23,56,鞏固練習： 6恰好那時房里沒人。 7從前

48、，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。 8公共汽車來了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10鈴響了。,There happened to be nobody in the room.,Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,There comes the bus.,There remained only twenty eight dollars.,There goes the bell.,2020/9/23,57,2007浙江高考書面表達:,第三節(jié)：書面表達（滿分30分） 在英語課堂上，你喜歡你的老師授課時只用英語，還是

49、英語、漢語兼用？某英語雜志社就此話題邀請中學生發(fā)表看法。請你圍繞“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only, or in both English and Chinese?”這個問題，參考所給要點，選擇一種授課形式，寫一篇英語短文。 授課形式一：只用英語 優(yōu)點：有助于提高聽說能力等 缺憾：不易聽懂等 結論： 授課形式二：英語、漢語兼用 優(yōu)點：易于理解等 缺憾：英語氛圍不濃等 結論： 注意：1. 詞數(shù)100120，短文開頭已給出（不計詞數(shù)） 2. 參考詞匯：atmosphere 氛圍 I prefer

50、 my English classes to be taught in ,2020/9/23,58,It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in

51、 the minds of the surroundings families, that he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of their daughters.,2020/9/23,59,Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic, humor, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to

52、make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. she was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was disconnected she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.,2020/9/23,60,2007浙江高考書面表達范文,(1) I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. Classes taught in English provide students with such an en