1、16種英語時態(tài)講解,時態(tài),Tense,16種英語時態(tài)講解,2,一、時態(tài)概述,16種英語時態(tài)講解,3,二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法,用法1: 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性的動作或者存在的狀態(tài).,He often goes to the gym. I like the rice for dinner. He doesnt work hand.,形式: do 或does(第三人稱單數(shù)),此用法常與一些表示動作頻率的時間副詞連用(副詞放在be動詞之后, 實義動詞之前). 1) 表示肯定的頻率副詞: always, frequently, usually, sometimes, often, occa

2、sionally, generally 等. 2) 表示否定的頻率副詞: never, seldom, rarely 等.,He always goes to school by bike.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,4,用法2: 表示不受時間限制的事實陳述或客觀性的真理.,The earth moves around the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Knowledge is power.,二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法,用法3: 有時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作.,Here comes your frien

3、d. There goes our bus; well have to wait for the next one.,用在以there或here開頭的句中,表示目前短暫的動作.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,5,用法4:有時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作.,二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法,Please let me know when he comes back. What are you going to do when you leave school. Ill give the book to him as soon as I see him. Ill be glad if she com

4、es over to visit me.,主要用在條件狀語從句(if, unless)和時間狀語從句(when, as soon as, befor, after, etc.)中, 表示將來動作.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,6,三、一般過去時態(tài),一般過去時的基本用法,用法1: 表示過去時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).,形式: did,He was late for school this morning. I bought this computer three years ago. I was tired last night, so I went to bed early.,用法2: 表示過去一段

5、時間一直持續(xù)或反復發(fā)生的動作.,He used to do morning exercises. I lived in the country for ten years. He took a walk after supper when he was alive.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,7,四、一般將來時態(tài),一般將來時的基本用法,用法1: 表示預測將要發(fā)生某事,用will或be going to do.,形式: will do 或be going to do,be going to 特別意指根據(jù)目前的明顯跡象來推斷某件事要發(fā)生; will 則只是表名說話人認為或相信某件事要發(fā)生 be goin

6、g to 通常用來表示說話人預期所說的事件馬上或在相當近的將來就要發(fā)生; will 所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間可近可遠.,Look at this black clouds! Its going to rain. I feel terrible, I think Im going to be sick. The bridge will collapse. The bridge is going to collapse.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,8,四、一般將來時態(tài),一般將來時的基本用法,用法2: 表示行動計劃時用be going to do; 表示意愿時用will.,be going to 表示說話人

7、對未來行動的計劃或打算, 通常是事先考慮并含有已經(jīng)為這一行動作了某些準備的意思. will 表示意愿,則表示在說話的時刻立即做出的決定, 表明將去做某事, 并沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮, 更沒有為這一活動做出事先準備.,I have bought a computer and Im going to learn the computer science. Someone is knocking at the door. Ill go and open it.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,9,五、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài),現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法,用法1: 表示說話此刻動作正在進行.,形式: am/is/are + doing,

8、He is not available now. he is talking on the phone. Please dont make so much noise. I am studying.,用法2: 表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)的動作,說話時刻動作不一定正在發(fā)生.,These days I am translating a book. I am feeding the neighbors cat this week while shes in hospital. Mr. Green is writing another novel.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,10,五、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài),現(xiàn)在進行時的基本

9、用法,用法3: 表示最近的將來一定的安排. 通常含有“計劃”, “安排做”之意.,I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. what are you doing on Saturday night? Im doing some shopping with Jane.,用法4: 常與always, forever, continually, constantly 等連用,表示抱怨,厭煩, 不合情理或使人不愉快的事.,Hes always messing up the kitchen. Hes continually asking me for money.,16種英

10、語時態(tài)講解,11,六、過去進行時態(tài),過去進行時的基本用法,用法1: 用來描述一個過去特定的時刻正在發(fā)生的事情.,形式: was/were + doing,I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.,用法2: 常與一般過去時配合使用.此時,過去進行時通常表示一個歷時較長的作為”背景”的動作或狀態(tài); 而一般過去時則表示此”背景”下發(fā)生的短暫的動作或狀態(tài).過去進行時動作先發(fā)生,一般過去時動作后發(fā)生.,I was watching TV when the phone rang. I cut my finger

11、 when I was cooking the dinner last night.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,12,七、將來進行時態(tài),將來進行時的基本用法,用法1: 表示將來某一特定的時刻正在進行的動作.,形式: will be doing,Ill be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. Wait until seven oclock so that they wont still be eating. Dont call me at nine tomorrow because I will be studying at the libra

12、ry.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,13,知識擴展：不用進行時的動詞 1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget,

13、prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬間動詞：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse I accept your advice. 4)系動詞：seem, remain, lie, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,14,現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法,用法1

14、: 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).,形式: have/has done,八、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),開始于過去的動作一直持續(xù)的現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。,I have lived here for 3 years. The teacher has taught in this school since I came here. Since time began, man has lived in fear of fire.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,15,知識擴展：與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配的時間狀語 1) Since+時間點 I have worked in this company sinc

15、e 1980. 2) for+時間段 Great changes have taken place in Changsha for the past few years. 3) “到目前為止”：until now, up until now, up to now, up till now, so far We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. 4) “在最近幾世紀/年/月以來”：i

16、n/over the past few years, for the last few centuries, throughout history, through centuries Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,16,現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法,用法2: 過去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài).,八、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),表示在不確定的過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，

17、謂語動詞一般為短暫性動詞。,He has broken his leg. He broke his leg.,試比較,16種英語時態(tài)講解,17,知識擴展：第二種現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)使用技巧 1) 這種完成時態(tài)的肯定句不與“一段時間”的時間狀語連用 He has left his hometown for 3 years. (典型錯誤) He left his hometown 3 years ago. He has been away from his hometown for 3 years. Note: 短暫性動詞的完成時句子若用否定句，表示尚未發(fā)生的事情，則可作為一種狀態(tài)，表示延續(xù)。 I hav

18、ent bought a pair of shoes for a year. 2) 與不確定時間的時間狀語連用： already, yet, often, just, never. He has already arrived. Has it stopped raining yet ?,16種英語時態(tài)講解,18,現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法,用法3: 到目前的一個時間段內重復發(fā)生的動作.,八、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),表示到目前為止的一個時間段內重復發(fā)生的動作。,We have taken three tests so far this week. I have made many new friends sin

19、ce I came to Chaozhou.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,19,知識擴展：其他使用現(xiàn)在完成時的結構 1) This/That/It is+序數(shù)詞+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時 It is the third time that Ive come to Beijing. It is the fifth time that someone has knocked at my door. 2) This/That/It is+最高級或only修飾名詞+現(xiàn)在完成時 This is the most interesting movie that Ive ever seen. It is the w

20、orst book that Ive ever read.,小結：現(xiàn)在完成時總是與現(xiàn)在有著密切的聯(lián)系；或是表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時間的“一直在延續(xù)”或“重復發(fā)生”的動作或狀態(tài)；或是表示影響現(xiàn)狀的事件。,16種英語時態(tài)講解,20,知識擴展：現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時比較 1) 現(xiàn)在完成時第二種用法表示的也是過去的動作或情況，強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響時才用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I havent seen him this morning.(說話時間this morning) I didnt see him this morning. （說話時間“今天晚上或下午”） 2) 在用于延續(xù)性動詞時兩個時態(tài)的區(qū)別 He

21、 has been in the army for 6 years. (他入伍以來已經(jīng)6年了。) He was in the army for 6 years. (他當過6年的兵，現(xiàn)在不是了。) I have smoked for 2 years. (我有兩年的煙齡了。) I smoked for 2 years. (我抽了兩年的煙，現(xiàn)在不抽了。),16種英語時態(tài)講解,21,過去完成時的基本用法,用法1: 開始于過去之前(即過去的過去)的動作或狀態(tài)在過去這一時刻仍在進行.,九、過去完成時態(tài),表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)開始，這一動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到這一過去時刻，并且到這一過去時刻還

22、沒有結束病仍有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。,I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.,形式: had done,16種英語時態(tài)講解,22,過去完成時的基本用法,用法2: 表示開始于過去之前的動作或狀態(tài)到過去這一時刻之前已經(jīng)停止.,九、過去完成時態(tài),表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)開始，這一動作或狀態(tài)在這一過去時刻之前即已結束，并且沒有持續(xù)到這一過去時刻。此時過去完成時的動作為短暫動作。,He had made everything ready before I came. Her baby had fallen asleep when s

23、he went into the room.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,23,過去完成時的基本用法,用法3: 在過去之前開始的動作，在過去之前一段時間內重復發(fā)生.,九、過去完成時態(tài),I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me. I had proposed to her five times, but she still refused to marry me.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,24,過去完成時的基本用法,用法4: intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expe

24、ct, think, propose, wish等動詞的過去完成時表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的計劃、設想、意圖或希望等.,九、過去完成時態(tài),I had intended to see you, but I was busy. They had hoped to see you off at the airport, but they got there too late.,用法5: 用在“It was the+序數(shù)詞或最高級+that+”句型中.,It was the third time that I had met him.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,25,知識擴展：過去完成時和一般過去時比較 1) 兩個

25、或兩個以上相繼發(fā)生的動作，用 and 或 but 按動作發(fā)生的先后順序連接，此時用一般過去時；過去完成時則強調主語在過去某一時刻及更早時的動作。 He opened the door and entered, but found nobody. I realized that we had met before. 2) 在表示兩個相繼發(fā)生的動作時，過去完成時表示一個動作完成之后，另一個動作才開始發(fā)生，從而使得兩個動作相互獨立；一般過去時則可能表示一個動作導致另一個動作，或兩個動作之間有一中因果關系。 When I had opened all the windows I sat down an

26、d had a cup of tea. When I had opened the window the cat jumped out.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,26,將來完成時的基本用法,用法1:延續(xù)到將來的動作或狀態(tài).,十、將來完成時態(tài),形式: will have done,I will have learned 10000 words by the end of the next year. The old man will have worked in this factory for 50 years when he retires next month.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,27,將來

27、完成時的基本用法,用法2:如同現(xiàn)在完成時第二種用法的將來完成時.,十、將來完成時態(tài),By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer. We will have finished our exam by the end of next week.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,28,將來完成時的基本用法,用法3:在將來之前開始的動作，在將來之前的一段時間內重復發(fā)生.,十、將來完成時態(tài),By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship will have trave

28、led eleven times around the earth.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,29,現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本用法,用法1:強調時間的持續(xù)性。,十一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時時態(tài),形式: have/has been doing,The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it?,The weather has been changeable lately; Ive been having a lot of colds.,用法2:表重復。敘述從過去某時到現(xiàn)在或最近已在重復的動作。,16種英

29、語時態(tài)講解,30,現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本用法,用法3:過去開始, 現(xiàn)在剛剛停止的動，對現(xiàn)在有直接影響。,十一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時時態(tài),形式: have been doing,My hands are dirty. Ive been painting the car.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,31,過去完成進行時的基本用法,用法1:強調時間的持續(xù)性。表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作。,十二、過去完成進行時時態(tài),形式: had been doing,I had been looking for it for days before I found it.這東西我找了好多天才找著的。,The doctor

30、asked what he had been eating.,用法2:過去完成進行時還常用于間接引語中。,16種英語時態(tài)講解,32,知識擴展：過去完成進行時和過去完成時的比較,She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了，所以很整潔。 (強調結果) She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。 (強調動作一直在進行),16種英語時態(tài)講解,33,將來完成進行時的基本用法,用法:與將來完成時所用的時間狀

31、語基本相同。強調在將來某一時刻前一直在持續(xù)的動作。,十三、將來完成進行時態(tài),By the end of this month, we will have been living in this city for 5 years.,形式: shall/will have been doing,16種英語時態(tài)講解,34,過去將來完成進行時的基本用法,用法:常用于間接引語中。常與before+將來時間或by+將來時間連用。,十四、過去將來完成進行時態(tài),形式: should/would have been doing,She told me that she would have been teach

32、ing English for 30 years by the end of this year.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,35,一般過去將來的基本用法,用法1:表示從過去的時間看待將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。和表示過去將來時間狀語連用，多見于從句，特別是賓語從句中（當主句是過去時，賓語從句表示將要發(fā)生的事，用過去將來時）,十五、一般過去將來時態(tài),形式: should/would do,He told us that he would become a doctor in seven years.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,36,一般過去將來的基本用法,用法2:過去將來時?？捎脕肀硎具^去習慣性的動作。此時，

33、不管什么人稱，一律用would。,十五、一般過去將來時態(tài),形式: should/would do,Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. I would play with him when I was a child.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,37,過去將來進行時的基本用法,用法1:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用于賓語從句 中,尤其多用于間接引語中。,十六、過去將來進行時態(tài),形式: should/would be doing,They said they would be coming.,He said

34、 that he could not come because he would be having a meeting.,用法2:表示在過去某一時間之后即將進行的動作。,16種英語時態(tài)講解,38,過去將來完成時的基本用法,用法:表示在過去看來，將來某時會已經(jīng)完成的動作。,十七、過去將來完成時態(tài),形式: should/would have done,she said she would have finished her exams by then.,16種英語時態(tài)講解,39,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospita

35、l. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hop

36、ed; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; wo

37、uld come,英語時態(tài)練習,A,A,B,C,C,16種英語時態(tài)講解,40,6. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart. A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont makeD. didnt make 7. To find the street where I lived in my ch

38、ildhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years. A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change 8. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer. A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D. swims 9. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he

39、 _by now. A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up,英語時態(tài)練習,D,A,D,A,16種英語時態(tài)講解,41,10. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus. A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching 11. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him. A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking 12. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _. A. is B. does C. will beD. has been 13. The computers made by o