1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,助動(dòng)詞have (has）+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞,二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式結(jié)構(gòu),肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have/has + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.,否定句：主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.,疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 ?,三、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成,ABB,AAA,ABC,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。,四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free?

2、 -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用,1). already since+從句 （一般過(guò)去時(shí)） “自以來(lái)”,Mr. Wang has worked here since 1984. 自1984年以來(lái)，王老師就在這里工作。,for + 一段時(shí)間； “長(zhǎng)達(dá)”,so far,注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示“自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣. Eg：I have been he

3、re (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷。,I have never had a car. 我從未有過(guò)

4、汽車(chē)。,Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你去過(guò)頤和園嗎？,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型： It is the first/second time that +定語(yǔ)從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 2. This/That/It is the + adj.最高級(jí) + n. + that定語(yǔ)從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),It is the first time that I have visited the city. It is the third time that the boy has been late.,This is the best film that I hav

5、e (ever) seen. This is the best tea that I have (ever) drunk.,五、短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,短暫性動(dòng)詞是指它們動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始也就意味著動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，所以與for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（在否定句中可以），以下兩種方式可以解決此問(wèn)題:,I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。,She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,1.常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep或 短語(yǔ)“be+名詞（形容

6、詞、位置副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）” 來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,巧記10個(gè)常用短暫性動(dòng)詞 開(kāi)始離去 （begin, leave, go）, 借來(lái)還 （borrow, come, return）， 出生入死（join, die)， 買(mǎi)到家（buy, arrive)。,become be, begin be on, borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in die be dead, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), return be back finish b

7、e over,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,2.也可以仍用原短暫性動(dòng)詞，用句型: It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)). =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)). =一般過(guò)去時(shí)+ 一段時(shí)間+ ago.,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,1.電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began. Five minutes has passed since the film began. The film began five minutes a

8、go. 2.他入黨五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. Five years has passed since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,六、have been to 與 have gone to,have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)” 表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)。 （常與twice, several times, ever, never 連用）。 H

9、as she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾經(jīng)去過(guò)南京嗎？ have gone to 意思是“去了”， 表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已到達(dá)。 -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,七、與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。,

10、上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題,I have already finished my homework.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句) _ you _ your homework_? She has already seen the film. (改為否定句) _ _ seen the film _.

11、 My sister has learnt English for more than 12 years.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)) _ _ has _ sister _ English? 4. Laura has never been to Hong Kong. (改為反義疑問(wèn)句) Laura has never been to Hong Kong, _ _ ? 5. 這是我見(jiàn)到的最大的城市。 This is the biggest city that I _ ever _.,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,Have,finished,yet,She,hasnt,yet,How,long,your,learnt,have

12、,she,have,seen,Revision for 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),1)She _ just _ back from town. 她剛從城里回來(lái)。） _ you ever _ Paris？（你去過(guò)巴黎嗎？） 3) -Have you _ (get) the plan ready yet？ - No，not yet（-計(jì)劃做好了嗎？-還沒(méi)做好。） 4) I_ never _ of anything like that （我從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的事。） 5) He _ already _ his exercises （他已經(jīng)完成了他的練習(xí)。）,has,come,Have,been to,got,ha

13、ve,heard,has,finished,動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. _you ever _(be) there many times?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,se

14、e,saw,Have,been,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 6. How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air. 7. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 8.Mr Chen _ (give) up smoking last year. 9.Mr Chen _(give) up s

15、moking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,have developed,gave,has given,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His gr

16、andparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁(yè),主菜單,B) 試做下列練習(xí)（用for或since填空） 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago. 2. Ive known him _ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from

17、 the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,since,since,since,for,for,改 錯(cuò) 1. The film has began for 10 minutes. . 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. Kitty has bought a book since last week. 4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou.,been on,kept,

18、gone,had,1.Where is Jim? He Wuhan. 2. My parents the Great Wall twice. They like there very much. you ever the Happy Valley? How long Peter the West Hill farm? My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours. She Shanghai. She isnt here. She Shanghai. She is here. She Shanghai for two years.,has g

19、one to,have been to,Have,been to,has,been in,has gone to,has gone to,has been to,has been in,has gone to/have been to / have been in,訓(xùn)練： (A)用already，yet或still填空。 1. The old man is _ living. 2. He wears that old coat _. 3. I have not _ heard from him. 4. Have your parents come back _? 5. If he hasnt

20、seen the film _ , I may give him a ticket. 6. I have not heard the story_. 7. He has _ turned on the light. 8. They are _ here.,still,still,yet,yet,yet,yet,already,still,1. my dictionary? Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Have you seen B. Do you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you seen 2.Hav

21、e you even been anywhere for a trip? A trip? I away from my hometown even once. A. went B. have gone C. have never been D. have been 3.Many new railways _ in the past few years. A. has been built B. have been built C. have been build D. has building 4. have you been here? 3 year. A. How often B. How

22、 long C. How far D. How,5. Because of the busy traffic, the plane when he arrives. A. has landed B. has taken off C. landed D. took off 6. Marine visited his aunt two day before he town. A. left B. has left C. will leave D. leaves 7. Mary has been a league member three years. A. for B. since C. in D

23、. on 8. Tom, can you tell me where Jack is? He to the library. A. has gone B. had gone C. has been,9. Kate shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 10.May I go to play tennis with you, Dad? you your composition yet? A. Are, finishing B. Did, finish

24、 C. Will, finish D. Have, finished 11. Her mother for two years. A. has died B. died C. has been died D. has been dead 12. They each other for at least two months. A. havent seen B. have seen C. havent been seen D. didnt see,13. I to see my childhood friends in the summer vacation. A. went back B. s

25、hall go back C. have gone back D. have been back 14. He a great deal since he joined the army. A. learn B. learned C. has learned D. is learning 15. Mr. Huang to Kunming. Hell come back in two weeks. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. Go 16. How long may I the book? For tow weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. k

26、eep D. buy,17. It ten years since we last in Beijing. A. was, met B. had been, meet C. was, meet D. is, met 18. Youll answer for what you . A. will do B. have done C. had done D. do 19. He Tokyo for two weeks. A. has left B. has been away from C. has been away 20. She Robert one year ago. A. married

27、 B. married with C. has got married to D. has been married to,21. I the bad cold for a week and still cant get rid of it. A. caught B. have caught C. had caught D. have had 22. have you been here? For a month. A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon 23.Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He the cinema with his aunt. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to,訓(xùn)練 用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary _(lose) her pen yesterday. _ you _ (se