1、現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀3習題解答UNIT1 課后練習答案More Work on the Text Vocabulary1. Translate. (P14) 1) From English into Chinese (1)學校教職員工 (10)青春期 (2)政治上的成熟 (11)種族偏見 (3)成長過程中的變化 (12)每天工作日程 (4)認同危機 (13)倫理道德觀念 (5)戀愛關系 (14)處理日常生活的能力 (6)遺傳工程 (15)歷史背景 (7)學術生活 (16)異性 (8)偶然事件 (17)感情上的支持 (9)民族認同 (18)生活方式2) From Chinese into Engli

2、sh.(1) to pursue an education (10) to drag ones feet(2) to acquire knowledge(11) to evaluate the result(3) to handle the case(12) to process knowledge (4) to define the word(13) to perform ones duty(5) to select ones major (14) to narrow the gap(6) to resent the treatment (15) to expand business (7)

3、 to establish their identity (16) to expect better results(8) to frustrate the students (17) to assemble cars(9) to declare war (18) to present facts2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P15) 1) Give synonyms. (1) objective, purpose, end (7) choice (2) to happen (8) to choose/to pick or p

4、ick out(3) to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9) main/chief/principal/leading (4) to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10) belief(5) clear(11) strong feeling (6) magazine (12) to get/to gain/to obtain 2) Give antonyms. (1) masculine (9) to exclude (2) immature (10) disapproval (3) independen

5、ce (11) mistrust/distrust (4) inferior (12) inequality (5) incompetent (13) to discourage (6) minor (14) to grow/to increase/to expand/to develop (7) to narrow (15) indistinct/unclear/vague(8) innocence (16) impractical/unpractical/theoretical3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words in their

6、 proper forms listed below. (P15) 1) handle 5) observant, occurrence 9) occurred, apply 2) occurrence 6) observation, observed, occur 10) observers, handled 3) handle 7) involve 11) involvement4) involved 8) application 12) observation4. Translate. (P16) 1) She intends to apply for that academic pos

7、ition. 2) He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retire never occurs to him. 3) Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we have a tendency to abuse our power. 4) Students must observe carefully how good writers use words. 5) Some countries refuse t

8、o get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference. 6) How do you think we should handle the drug problem? 7) According to the agreement, all business policies should apply to everybody without any prejudice. 8) The control of the sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of

9、work and money. 9) You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies. 10) All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars. 11) Based on his careful observation of childrens behavior he came to the conclusion that le

10、arning is a natural pleasure. 12) In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling. 13) The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.14) Cheating at exams does not occur very often. But when it does, the school takes a very tough position

11、.5. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. (P16) 1) C. 3) B. 5) B. 7) D. 9) B. 11) A. 13) D. 15) B. 17) A.2) A. 4) A./D. 6) D. 8) A. 10) C. 12) C. 14) A. 16) D. 18) D.6. Choose the right word in their proper forms. (P18)1) (1) object (2) objectives (3) objective (4) objective (5) objects

12、2) (1) requires (2) requires (3) acquire (4) acquire (5) inquire3) (1) entrusted (2) entrusted (3) trust (4) believe (5) trust4) (1) repaid(2) pay, repay (3) place (4) repay(5) placed, replaced5) (1) anxious (2) anxiously (3) eager (4) eager/anxious (5) eager/anxious7. Choose the best word or phrase

13、 for each blank from the four supplied in brackets. (P19) (1) suggested (4) but (7) eventually (10) what (13) derive (2) primarily (5) remained (8) regrets (11) where (14) lacking (3) told (6) consisted (9) pursuing (12) Although (15) droppingMore Work on the Text Grammar1. Observe these sentences a

14、nd identify the object of the italicized verb or preposition, and find out how it is expressed. (P20) 1) them: pronoun 2) who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are: two wh-clauses 3) to enter the work world: an infinitive phrase 4) that there are four distinct aspects to psychological

15、 separation from ones parents: a that-clause 5) where they are in the independence/dependence struggle: a wh-clause 6) how to give and receive affection in the adult world: a wh-clause 7) very little: pronoun 8) how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they process the knowledge

16、 presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge: three wh-clauses 9) shuddering: a gerund 10) drifting down: a gerund phrase 11) herself: a reflective pronoun 12) how to let loose a plague capable of destroying whole nations: wh-word + to-infinitive 13) what to say: wh-word + to-infinitive

17、14) whether it had been storming for three or four days: a noun clause introduced by “whether” 15) (need) charity: a noun; (help) themselves: a reflexive pronoun; (told) Millard: a proper noun2. Practice using correct object forms. (P21) 1) Complete the sentences with one appropriate word. (1) what

18、(3) what (5) it (7) why (9) everything (2) yourself (4) whether (6) others (8) which/how (10) much 2) Choose the right form, the infinitive or the gerund of the verb in brackets, for the blanks. (1) feeling (4) being; being/to be (7) to stay (10) being recognized (2) to change (5) to go (8) not to s

19、ee (3) becoming (6) thinking (9) having fallen behind 3) Translate these sentences into English. (1) In the negotiations, the two sides found they had little in common. (2) More and more old people are learning how to surf/use the Internet. (3) Dont forget to write down your name on the exam paper.

20、(4) We must bear in mind that there is no shortcut in learning. (5) He never regretted having shifted from business to politics. (6) Id like to have a chat with you about your term paper sometime this week. (7) Like sports, learning a foreign language requires a lot of practice. (8) They all remembe

21、r where they were when they heard the shocking news. (9) People learn little from victory, but much more from defeat. (10) Whenever you face a decision you have three choices: do what you please; do what others do; or do what is right.3. Summarize how the word “way” is modified/qualified in these se

22、ntences. (P22) the way + clause = the way in which + clause: 1), 6) a way/the way(s) + to-infinitive phrase (referring to an activity in a specific way): 2), 3), 8) a way/the way/ways + of + gerund noun (referring to an activity in a general way): 4), 5), 7) But in many cases, the difference between

23、 “a/the way to do sth.” and “a/the way of doing sth.” is blurred. The choice is rather a matter of idiomatic usage.4. Complete these sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets, using the word “way”.(P22) 1) a poets way of telling us 2) the only way to learn a foreign language well 3) no easy w

24、ay to say good-bye 4) the way they all stared at me 5) some aspects of the way we speak 6) (many) ways to get data into a computer 7) The way I judge it 8) a way of delivering the secret message 9) a way to stop the leaksp; 10) the way the children responded to their questions 5. Put in appropriate

25、determiners where necessary using a “/” when none is needed. (P23) a, his, a, his, the, an, The, the/a, a, the, the, The, the, /, The, his, the, the6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (P23) 1) D. 3) A. 5) B. 7) A. 9) D. 11) C. 13) A. 15) A. 2) C. 4) D. 6) D. 8) B

26、. 10) B. 12) B. 14) C.(In colloquial English, A is possible for No. 12.)More Work on the Text Written WorkAnswer the question in about 150 words. (P24)In what ways, according to the writer of the article, is college a time of growth and expansion?College life is an important period in ones life. Alt

27、hough the college students seldom think about that the key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.During this time, students are going through an identity crisis which includes independence/ dependence struggle from their parents. And also, the most important thing is establ

28、ishing their sexual identity. At the same time, these youngsters are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. Whats more, they establish their personal and social identity. They are affirming their personal values such as religious faith, moral and ethical values and developing

29、 new ways to organize and using the academic knowledge as well as their world knowledge. In a word, college students can be growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world in which they lives. Poem of the WeekAbout the Poet依里諾爾法吉恩（18811965）生于倫敦，由私人家庭教師授課。她是一位英國小說家的女兒，并且是美國著名演員約瑟夫杰

30、斐遜的孫女。她的一生都沉醉于童話故事和兒歌之中，她的詩充滿了孩子般的語言和節(jié)奏。她的詩為兒童與青少年所喜愛。六、課文參考譯文你的大學生活鮑勃哈特1你可曾考慮過作為大學生的你生活中正在發(fā)生及將要發(fā)生的變化嗎？你可曾想到過你的教授和其他老師在你的大學期間對于你的成長和成熟制定過確定的目標嗎？你可曾認識到當你從青少年漸漸成熟時某些發(fā)展變化也將隨之出現(xiàn)嗎？盡管大學生很少思考以上的問題，但是在大學期間，一些關鍵性的變化將很有可能發(fā)生在他們身上。2 大學期間，學生正經(jīng)受自我認同危機，他們竭力找出自己到底是誰，以及自身有什么優(yōu)點和不足。當然，他們確實有許多的優(yōu)點也有許多的不足。但重要的是除了要了解人們如何看

31、待自己，還要知道其他人如何看待他們。皮爾斯和蘭多曾在一篇文章中探討了愛立信在國際社會科學百科全書中的有關理論，根據(jù)他們的觀點，自我認同取決于先天基因（遺傳于父母），成形于環(huán)境，并且因隨機事件而改變。人們受環(huán)境影響，反過來，又影響環(huán)境。人們如何看待自己在以上兩個方面所扮演的角色，毫無疑問這是他們自我心理認同的一部分。3 在學生們經(jīng)歷自我認同危機的同時，也開始獨立于自己的父母，盡管他們仍然非常依賴父母。這種獨立與依賴的斗爭成為青春期后期的主要部分。實際上，這種斗爭可能因為他們選擇追求高等教育而升級。高中一畢業(yè)，很多畢業(yè)生選擇進入職場。這種選擇的結果促使他們在經(jīng)濟上獨立于自己的父母。但是，大學生選擇

32、了再花幾年時間繼續(xù)學習并發(fā)展自我，這使得他們在某種程度上可能還要依賴于自己的父母。4 在1984年4月發(fā)表于咨詢心理學期刊上的青春期末期與父母的心理脫離一文中，杰弗里A霍夫曼提到青少年與父母的心理分離有四個不同方面。第一，功能上的獨立，包括料理實踐事務和個人事務的能力，比如理財、選擇自己的衣服以及決定自己的日程表等。第二，觀點上的獨立，也就是說學生學會正確看待和接受自己與父母在態(tài)度、價值和信仰上的差異。第三個心理分離的過程是情感上的獨立?；舴蚵鼘⑦@一過程定義為“從父母的贊許、親近、陪伴以及情感的支持中解脫”。例如，大學生覺得可以自由地選擇自己所追求的專業(yè)，而不用經(jīng)過父母同意。第四個就是擺脫“父

33、母的過度的內疚、焦慮、不信任、責任、壓抑、反感以及憤怒”。大學生需要退一步來審視他們是處于獨立、依賴中的哪一個位置。5 或許對于大學生來說最迫切的事情之一就是去確立自己的性認同，這包括與異性的交流以及計劃他們未來作為男人或者女人的角色。每個人都必須把她或者他的性別定位于女性或者男性角色。這是一個令人興奮的時刻也是一個讓人沮喪的時刻?？赡艹伺c自己心愛的人交往外，沒有其他任何一種方式可以讓學生們感覺到情感上的大起大落。例如，在我與一個年輕的大學生共事期間，有一次他歡呼雀躍地走進我的辦公室，面帶笑容，而且聲音激動。他宣布：“我剛剛度過了我一生中最美好的時光！”他繼續(xù)向我解釋說如何遇到了一個超凡脫俗

34、的年輕女子，她們的關系如何像他們想的那樣浪漫。然而，還沒過一周，那個年輕人又來到我的辦公室，步伐沉重，一臉沮喪地說道“我剛熬過了我人生中最糟糕的日子！”原來，他剛跟那女孩發(fā)生了爭吵，并且以后關系也不會像從前那般好了。因此，大學生與異性的交往方式對其情感有著決定性的影響。與此同時，這些年輕的大人們正在大人的世界里學著如何去接受和付出愛。這方面的成長不僅要處理與異性之間的關系，而且牽涉到兩性及各年齡段朋友之間的相互作用。隨著他們長大成人，他們與別人交往的方式也在改變。這時候作為成年人，他們應該思考如何與同齡人相處以及表達適當?shù)淖鹬兀绾卧谧约旱纳钪信c孩子、青年人交往以及如何與父母交流和表達自己的

35、情感。例如，當我在西南浸禮教會神學院讀研究生的時候，當我完成一門咨詢課程之后，我拜訪了我的父母。在學習該課程的過程中，我意識到當我的世界不斷擴寬，新的選擇不斷向我張開雙臂時，我那已60多歲的父親的世界卻在不斷地縮小，選擇的余地也越來越窄。這次回家拜訪的過程中，父親和我進行了幾次談話，我們談論了我的課程以及如何將其運用到生活中。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我正用著不同的方式去看待自己的父親，而且就像對待要鼓勵的朋友那樣與之交往。我有意識地鼓勵著這個從前鼓勵過我的男人。我正用著一種不同的方式以他相處。 7 對于大學生來說，另外一個轉變就是使他們的宗教信仰、價值觀和道德觀內化。從出生那天起，就有一位或更多的父母一直充當著孩子的楷模，并且傳授