1、A Clean, Well-lighted Place,by Ernest Hemingway Week 79,Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) is a well-known American novelist andshort storywriter in modern times, and one of the most celebrated and influential authors in thetwentieth century.,Ernest Hemingway,Hemingways protagonist

2、s are typically stoics, often seen as projections of his own charactermen who must show “grace under pressure”. “A man can be destroyed, but not defeated.” The Old Man and the Sea,Ernest Hemingway,Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Pulitzer Prize

3、 for Fiction in 1953 and Nobel Prizein Literaturein 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works.,The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) The Old Man and the Sea (1952),Ernest Hemingway,Most of these works take the

4、 war as background, describing the pains the war brings to human being, and reflecting a younger generations aimlessness after the war. At that time, these works immediately won the responses from many people who survived the war physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift. Then, H

5、emingway became the spokesman for what the Gertrude Stein (格特魯?shù)滤固┮? had called “The Lost Generation”.,Ernest Hemingway,Hemingway led a turbulent social life, who was married four times, and allegedly had various romantic relationships during his lifetime. In 1961, at age 61, he committed suicide.,Er

6、nest Hemingway,Ernest Hemingway and the Lost Generation,Lost Generation,Lost Generation is a literature school original in American in the twentieth century. It also refers to the rebellious young generation after the World War I. After the war, people suffered from mental and physical trauma, and s

7、eemed to lose their directions for future. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway in the The Sun Also Rises.,Lost Generation,The Lost Generations writers held many common points. (1)At first, all of them were weary of the imperialistic wars but cannot find the way out. (2)Expatriation was anot

8、her common point. Many young writers had an experience living in the European countries, especially in Paris. War had left deep hurt in peoples heart. Therefore, the writers self-exile became the way escaping from the reality.,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Nada 全是虛無縹緲，人也是虛無縹緲的。人所需要的只是虛無縹緲和亮光以及干干凈凈和井井有

9、條。有些人生活于其中卻從來沒有感覺到，可是，他知道一切都是虛無縹緲的。一切都是為了虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲，為了虛無縹緲。我們的虛無縹緲就在虛無縹緲中，虛無縹緲是你的名字，你的王國也叫虛無縹緲，你將是虛無縹緲中的虛無縹緲，因為原來就是虛無縹緲。給我們這個虛無縹緲吧，我們日常的虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲是我們的，我們的虛無縹緲，因為我們是虛無縹緲的，我們的虛無縹緲，我們無不在虛無縹緲中，可是，把我們打虛無縹緲中拯救出來吧；為了虛無縹緲。歡呼全是虛無縹緲的虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲與汝同在。,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Satire Our father which art in heave

10、n, Hallowed be thy name. 我們在天上的父親，愿人都尊你的名為圣。 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so in earth. 愿你的王國降臨。愿你的旨意行在地上，如同行在天上。,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Main Characters The Old Man A Wealthy but lonely and desperate old man who likes to drink in the caf late at night. The Old Waiter A knowi

11、ng, patient and humble man who understands the old man and recognizes he would end up just as lonely and desperate as the old man. The Young Waiter An innocent, brash and indifferent young man who selfishly only cares about his own happiness while fails to know the real significance of life.,A Clean

12、, Well-lighted Place,Theme Life is Nada Everyone lives in Nada. The old man has everything (wealth, accompany), but still feels nothingness, so he attempted suicide and drinks in the caf late every night. The old waiter understands that he would just be like the old man one day, lonely and desperate

13、, who has recognized the “nothingness” nature of life, therefore he always defends for the old man. The young waiter also lives in Nada, though he has not even be aware of that.Although he seems to have a goal in life (going for bed with his wife), he does not realize that this goal will also leads

14、to “nothingness”. He is dismissive about life, just because he also lives in nothingness.,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Theme Refuge for Nada People are living in the prevailing nothingness but still trying to find a safe and warm refuge to settle the desperate heart. The refuge,which is symbolized by

15、 “the clean, well-lighted caf”, may not be the once-and-for-all cure to the despair, but it can at least alleviate it temporarily. It is a way of struggling, and also a demonstration of perseverance. Though knowing well of the fact that life is nothingness, we should still fight for it and stick to

16、the hope, living in “grace under pressure”.,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Writing Style Features No clear designated speakers No transitions of scenes Few descriptive words,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Writing Style Iceberg Principle,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Writing Style Iceberg Principle TheIceber

17、g Theory(also known as the theory of omission) is thewritingstyle of Ernest Hemingway. As a young journalist, Hemingway had to focus his newspaper reports on immediate events, with very little context or interpretation. When he became a writer of short stories, he retained this minimalistic style, f

18、ocusing on surface elements without explicitly discussing underlying themes. Hemingway believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface, but should shine through implicitly.,A Clean, Well-lighted Place,Writing Style Iceberg Principle “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is arguab

19、ly a story that clearly demonstrates the techniques of Hemingways signature writing style. He includes only essential information, often omitting background information, transitions, and dialogue tags such as “he said” or “she said. He often uses pronouns without clear antecedents, such as using the worditwithout clarifying whatitrefers to.,存在主義(Existentialism),又稱生存主義，是一個哲學的非理性主義思潮，以強調個人、獨立自主和主觀經驗。最先提出的是尼采。索倫克爾凱郭爾、叔本華、雅斯貝爾斯和馬丁海德格爾可被看作其先驅。尤其在20世紀中它流傳非常廣泛。法國哲學家薩特和作家阿爾伯特加繆是其代表人物。 其最著名和最明確的倡議是薩特Jean-Paul Sartre的格言