1、高考基礎(chǔ)語法復(fù)習(xí),構(gòu)詞法 在英語中,詞的構(gòu)成法主要有三種: 合成、轉(zhuǎn)化、派生,一、合成,由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞，有的用連詞符號(hào)“-” 連接，有的直接連寫在一起，還有的由分開的兩個(gè) 詞構(gòu)成。 1.合成名詞 名詞+名詞 cowboy newspaper 名詞+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名詞 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容詞+名詞 blackboard shorthand ,2. 合成動(dòng)詞: 副詞+動(dòng)詞 overthrow uphold 形容詞+動(dòng)詞 blacklist whitewash 名詞+動(dòng)詞 sleepwalk sunbu

2、rn 3. 合成形容詞: 名詞+形容詞 snow-white lifelong 名詞+過去分詞 man-made hand made 數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way second-hand .,一、合成,二、轉(zhuǎn)化:,動(dòng)詞 名詞: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名詞 動(dòng)詞: hand (n.) hand (v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容詞 動(dòng)詞: clean (adj.) cl

3、ean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.,由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性.,三、派生：,1.表示否定意義的前綴,dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- an

4、tiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的),由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴 或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞。,2. 表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴,1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside, 2) by- 表示“附近，鄰近，邊側(cè)” bypath, bypass(彎路) 3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在間，相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中，中間” midnight, mid-autumn,5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward 6)

5、 over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 7)extra-, 表示“額外” extraction （提?。?8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9)in-, im-, 表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于” inland, invade, inside, import,2. 表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴,under-, 表示“在.下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上

6、坡),1re-“又,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co“聯(lián)合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super“在上；加之” superman, supermarket,3.表示其他意義的前綴:,Practice (I):,從右欄中找出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~與左欄搭配構(gòu)成合成詞.,book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty,reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free,Practi

7、ce (II):,rain(形容詞) _ agree(反義)_ nation(形容詞)_ farm(人)_ recent(副詞)_ friend(形容詞)_ hope(形容詞)_ back(形容詞)_ visit(名詞)_ home(形容詞) _ eight(序數(shù)詞)_ true(名詞)_ America(形容詞)_ China(形容詞)_,按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,

8、Practice (III):,Fill in the blanks with proper words.,With the (1)_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the pr

9、oblem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _ to their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _ is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody real