1、BR_Background Information1,Background Information,Environment, in brief, is made up of the natural environment and the living environment.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Background Information2,Natural environment, in a broad sense, comprises all of the living a

2、nd non-living things existing on the earth. However, the term is quite often used as the opposite to “l(fā)iving environment”, referring to the environment free from human intervention. Living environment refers to the environment relevant to the daily lives of human beings, including the atmosphere, wa

3、ter, waste, noise, offensive odors, etc. People have the right to live in a healthy and pleasant environment, and at the same time it is their obligation to strive to build up environment-friendly lifestyles.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Video Clip1,Video Clip

4、,Source,The City and the Environment,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Video Clip2,Video Clip,Questions:,1. What is an ecosystem? 2. At what depth are the underground conduits laid?,Ecosystem is a community of living things together with their environment.,Conduits

5、 for electricity, gas, compressed air or drinking water are laid in the upper layer of soil in the first five meters underground.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_group discussion,Group Discussion,1. 2.,Growing evidence shows that global climate changes are being

6、caused by environmental pollution, especially by greenhouse gases. Do we need to take immediate actions to halt this trend? If yes, how? Should there be further restrictions on the advertising, selling, and smoking of tobacco? Should it be banned?,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Backgroun

7、d Information,BR_spot dictation,Spot Dictation,In a news program, Greenpeace people to find out new methods in so that we could live in a safer environment. The researchers had collected dust hidden in the and carpets from 100 houses and found a range of harmful pollutants. “When you a room, those u

8、nseen chemicals are just there in some everyday like toys, carpets, television, etc.,” a researcher to an interviewer. “People to some chemicals those products when making them, but the chemicals can remain in the house and cause diseases and health problems.”,called on,_,production,_,decorated,_,ru

9、gs,_,step into,_,spotless,_,stuff,_,responded,_,incline,_,add,_,to,_,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,GR_Part Division.,Part Division of the Text,The text can be divided into 2 parts:,Part 1 (Paragraphs 1-7):,The story of my first encounter with Jack and how I found

10、him a very special taxi driver.,Part 2 (Paragraph 8):,A great truth Jack had hit on: we have by nature a sense of beauty, and are willing to do something to add to the beauty in our life.,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,GR_Further Understanding,Further Understanding,1. 2. 3.,Why was

11、the cab different? What did Jack do when each passenger got out? What does this detail show us about Jack? Why hadnt Jack ever been disappointed by people since 1987?,When each passenger got out, Jack checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. This detail shows that Jack wa

12、s a very careful and industrious taxi driver.,Questions:,Because the cab was clean and decorated. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless.,Further Understanding,Part Division of the Text,Becau

13、se he found that people appreciate beautiful things, and if the cab is made to be spotless and attractive, people will be inclined to keep it clean.,DR_text1-3_S,A Special Taxi,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I

14、got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the dr

15、iver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,DR_text4-5_S,“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. E

16、ach car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. Sticky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth keeping clean, they might be more considerat

17、e.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. After about a month of my bri

18、nging in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of great paintings.”,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick

19、up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I say, people appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became g

20、ood friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense of beauty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add

21、 to it. (429 words),DR_text6-8_S,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The fl

22、oor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your

23、cab?” I asked.,DR_text1-3_W,A Special Taxi,DR_text4-5_W,“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. Each car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. St

24、icky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth keeping clean, they might be more considerate.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave

25、 me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. After about a month of my bringing in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of

26、 great paintings.”,DR_text6-8_W,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I say, p

27、eople appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became good friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense of be

28、auty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add to it. (429 words),“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a

29、job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. Each car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. Sticky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth

30、 keeping clean, they might be more considerate.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for

31、 the next fare. After about a month of my bringing in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of great paintings.”,DR_text 4-5_S_Each car ,所有車輛收工回來都臟得像個垃圾坑。,Sentence Translation:,When the taxicabs returned from work, they were all very

32、 dirty, filled with various wastes.,Sentence Paraphrase:,句子的主干是each carwas like a garbage pit。主語car后帶了一個定語從句。注意這里的that不能省略，因為car在定語從句中作主語。當定語從句的先行詞在從句中作主語時，關系代詞不能省略。再看文中另一個句子：I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. 在這句中先行詞cab在從句中作賓語，關系代詞that可以省略。 介詞like常引出明喻中的喻體，又如：,Stru

33、ctural Analysis:,The dictionary is like a teacher to me.,We interviewed many people for the job, but at the end of the day, we didnt think any of them could handle it.,At the end of the day, what matters is that youre safe.,對我來說，這本字典就像一位老師。,at the end of the day是固定短語，表示“最后”、“到頭來”，或“最重要的”，又如：,為了這份工作，

34、我們面試了很多人，最后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都無法勝任。,最終，最重要的是你的安全。,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I s

35、ay, people appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became good friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense

36、of beauty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add to it. (429 words),DR_text6-8_S_ A sense ,人的美感與生俱來。,Sentence Translation:,People are born with th

37、e ability to feel and appreciate beautiful things.,Sentence Paraphrase:,這句話非常簡潔地概括出一個很有哲理的觀點。a sense of beauty表示“人對美的感受力”，gift意為“饋贈，禮物”，gift of life則指“人被賜予生命”。短語come with意為“隨同而來”、“從開始”，或“與一同供應” 。如：,Structural Analysis:,Increase of traffic comes with new roads.,The car comes with an excellent stereo

38、system.,新路開出來以后，交通流量也隨之增加。,該車原配一套優(yōu)質(zhì)的立體聲音響系統(tǒng)。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was diffe

39、rent. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been deco

40、rating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_accident1,accident,Comparison,accident, incident accident 通常指不幸的意外事故，或偶然發(fā)生的事：,Ten people were killed in the railway accident.,The discovery was a happy accident.,十人喪生于這次火車事故。,這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是件意外之喜。,It is a quite common incident,這事很平常。,incident 可以表示平常發(fā)生的事情，

41、也可以表示國際政治中的事件或事變：,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered

42、 with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,

43、A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_accident2,Derivatives,accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地,Idiomatic Expression,Accidents will happen in the best regulated families.,家規(guī)再嚴，事端難免。,Useful Expressions,by accident偶然地 by accident of憑著的機遇（或運氣） without accident順利而安全地，安然無恙地,The Lugou Bridge Incident,

44、also known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, occurred on July 7, 1937.,盧溝橋事變又稱“馬可波羅橋事變”發(fā)生于1937年7月7日。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. T

45、he moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passe

46、ngers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip1,trip,Comparison,journey, trip, tour, voyage, excursion, expedition, travel, cruise journey應用范圍很廣, 指“有預定地點的陸上、水上或空中的單程長、短途旅行”，一般來說，它著重指“長距離的陸上旅行”，如： trip為一般用語，指“任何方式的，從事業(yè)務或瀏覽的旅行”，往往著重

47、于“短途旅行”，在口語中可與journey互換 tour指“以游覽、視察、購物等為目的的旅行”，常含有“最后返回出發(fā)地點”的意思，如：,He decided to make a journey to New York by air.,He made a trip to the West Lake yesterday.,他決定乘飛機去紐約。,昨天他去游覽了西湖。,He is going to make a round-the-world tour.,他將做一次環(huán)球旅行。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by

48、accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin

49、inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip2,Comparison,voyage 主要指“水上旅行”，也可指“空中旅行”，如： excurs

50、ion 指“娛樂性的短途旅行”，如： expedition 指“有特定目的的遠征或探險”，如： travel 泛指“一地到另一地的旅行”，單、復數(shù)均可用：,He got seasick during the voyage.,Theyre going to make an expedition to the South Pole.,在航行中他暈船了。,他們將到南極探險。,His travels abroad provided lots of background material for novels he wrote.,She went on an excursion to the Chong

51、ming Island.,她去崇明島游玩了。,國外旅行給他的小說提供了很多背景資料。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was differe

52、nt. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decora

53、ting your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip3,Collocation,make / have a trip to some place 去某地旅行,Jenny had / made a trip to the zoo.,珍妮去了動物園。,NB:,trip還可以作動詞vt. / vi. “絆倒，摔倒；犯錯”,I tripped over a stone on the ground and fell.,我被地上的一塊石頭絆倒了。,He tripped on that difficult question.,他答錯了那道難題。,

54、Comparison,I have beautiful memories of the Three Gorges cruise on the Yangtze river.,長江三峽的游船之旅給我留下了美好的回憶。,cruise 主要指“乘船并在多處停靠的游覽”：,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I too

55、k a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive

56、taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,step by step 逐步地 step on it 趕快，加把勁，踩油門 step on ones toes 踩到某人的腳尖，得罪某人 take steps 采取措施,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_step,step,NB:,step的詞性變化： n. / v.腳步，步驟；走，踏,Phrasal Verbs,step aside 讓開 st

57、ep down 讓位 step in 進入，介入,Mind your steps.,當心腳下。,She carefully followed every step in the instructions.,她仔細遵循說明書上的每一個步驟。,Dont step on the grass.,勿踏草坪。,Useful Expressions,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out

58、of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I h

59、ad never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_reproduction,reproduction,Derivatives,produce producer product production productive productivity reproduce reproduction reproductive,NB:,注意produce的發(fā)音變化：作動詞時重音在第二個音節(jié) ，作名詞時重音在第一個音節(jié),v. / n.生產(chǎn)，引起；農(nóng)作物 n.生產(chǎn)者；制片人 n.產(chǎn)品 n.生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品 adj.生產(chǎn)的，多產(chǎn)的 n.生產(chǎn)力 v.繁殖，復制，再生 n.繁殖，復制 adj.繁殖的，復