1、Unit 4動詞的ing形式作表語，定語，賓補(bǔ)和狀語一、動詞-ing形式作表語1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容 ,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her jobHis hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.2. 表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動詞ing 相當(dāng)一個形容詞），作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：ast

2、onishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（這類分詞表示“令人.的”含義）。如：The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging.二、 動詞-ing形式作定語1.單個的動詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room= a room whi

3、ch is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method for working 工作方法reading material 閱讀材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room.There is a swimming pool in our school. 表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。（注意動名詞作定語說明被修飾詞作用意義；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語說明被

4、修飾詞正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing發(fā)展中國家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起來很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困擾人的問題sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖living room 起居室running water 自來水2.作定語的動詞-ing形式如是一個短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一

5、個定語從句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你認(rèn)識在打籃球的那個小男孩嗎？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在訪問日本的那個男人是我的叔叔。In the following years he worked even hard.在接下來的幾年中，他工作更努力了。The

6、 man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitors father.正在與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。三、動詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進(jìn)行的主動性的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時, 原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。 They found the film ver

7、y exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動詞:1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞，（常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, catch, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作賓補(bǔ)）I felt somebody standing behind me.I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office.2) 表示指使意義的動詞使役動詞，（常見的有have

8、, set, keep, get, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作賓補(bǔ)）We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。This sets me thinking.You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day.4、see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式(省to)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別： We heard the t

9、elephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示動作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動作的全過程。四、動詞-ing形式作狀語動詞-ing形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于相對應(yīng)的狀語從句。 動詞-ing形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時常位于句末。1 表示時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。（有時可在動詞-ing前加一個表時間的連詞，如when, while等）Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exa

10、mination.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。(= After we have made full preparations.)Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished his homework/After he had finished his homework, Herny went home.)2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to s

11、chool yesterday.由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。(= Since he was ill.)Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.)Not knowing his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with him. (= Because we didnt know his phone number,we couldnt get in touch with him.)3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個并列謂語。 His fa

12、ther died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money.他父親死了，留給他許多錢.European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in the world.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句

13、。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。Using your head, youll find a good way. (= If you use your head, youll find a good way.)Driving too fast, youll damage the car. (=If you drive too fast, youll damage the car)5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句。 Although

14、 toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all theyear round), the poor peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school.這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無力送孩子上學(xué)。Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred jin), the box was lifted by him with one hand.6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)

15、于一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money(=they were begging for money). 這六個盲人整天站在路邊乞討。He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door).他走出去，砰地

16、一聲把門帶上。即時強(qiáng)化練習(xí)一、用方框中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并指出在該句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑ㄒ辉~限用一次）astonish, play, bark, direct, climb1.Did you hear the dog downstairs _for most of the night?2.Jim has really learnt very fast. He had made _progress.3.When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the

17、street.4.The boy _the mountains is very tired and needs to rest.5.His fathers job is _the movies in a film studio in Hollywood.二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（用動詞-ing形式）1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, _the delay.2.John watched curiously and thought that t

18、he woman seemed a little crazy.John watched curiously, _that the woman seemed a little crazy.3.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him._for the train, I had a long talk with him.4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home. _, I stayed at home.5.If you turn right at the second crossin

19、g, you will find the post office._ right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightened at it._ _ _ by a snake, she was frightened at it.三、選擇填空1. Though I have often heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang

20、 B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing2. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. Did you meet anyone _ at the

21、 party?No, in fact, I found the party rather _.A. interesting; boring B. interested; boringC. interesting; bored D. interested; bored5. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing6. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth

22、.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run7. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; playC. missed; played D. missed; to play8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked9.His job is _ all the childr

23、en.A.look after B.looked after C.looking after D.having looked after10. -Do you know the girl _ near the window?-She is my deskmate.A.seating B.standing C.is sitting D.is standing11. What worried the boy most was _to visit his father is the hospital.A.his not being allowed B.his not allowingC.his no

24、t been allowed D.his being not allowed12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _the use of mobile phones on campus?A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.being permitted13. -Was yesterdays conference successful?-Not really. The number of _was much smaller than we had expected.A.p

25、eople who attend B.people attendedC.people attending D.people attend14. _such a good chance, how could she let it slip?A.Having been given B.Having givenC.To being given D.To have given15. Living near the sea, _.A.we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight. B.fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoyC.it is fresh and bea