1、第一講冠詞及用法講解冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種：定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞。一、不定冠詞: 基本用法不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，其中 a 用于以輔音音素（輔音音素24個 /p/、/b/、/t/、/d/、/m/、/l/、/r/ 等,不是輔音字母）開始的詞前。而 an 是用于以元音音素（元音音素20個/i:/、/i/、/e/、/au/ 等, 不是元音字母a，e，i，o，u）開始的詞前。如：a university，a useful tool，a computer，an orange，an hour，an 800-meter b

2、ridge，典型例句1、與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，表示類別。-I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.-You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. （2006 年北京卷）2、泛指某人或某物， 表示“某一個”，相當(dāng)于 a certain。 -Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? （2006年全國I卷） -Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.3、用于數(shù)量、時間等名詞前，表示“每一（單位）的”

3、相當(dāng)于 per。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. （2003年上海卷)4、用于固定詞組中。 a knowledge of ，have a gift for，give sb. a ride，a couple of，have a good time，keep a diary，in a hurry，once in a while，at a loss，tell a lie，do sb. a favor。二、定冠詞的基本用法1、用來特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名詞常被短語或定語從句所所修飾。Of

4、all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.（2006年遼寧卷）2、指說話的雙方都知道的人或事物。Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. （2006年浙江卷）3、復(fù)述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new.4、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表

5、示該類事物，相當(dāng)于 a。 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. （2004年全國I卷）5、序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。比較級前若表示特指時也要用定冠詞 the 。The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. （2002年上海春季卷） I want to chat with the tal

6、ler of the two men.6、在表示方位、樂器的名詞前。Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. （2000年北京春季卷） play the piano, play the violin7、用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。 the Smiths8、表示世界上獨一無二事物的名詞前。 the sun，the moon，the earth，the world。9、用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運河及某些建筑物等名稱前。 According to th

7、e World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.（2006年全國II卷 ）After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. （2005年安徽卷）10、在某些形容詞之前，可表示某一類人。 the rich，the poor，the old，the wounded，the living，the dead。三、不用冠詞(零冠詞)情況：1、人名、地名（街名、

8、廣場名、公園名）、大學(xué)名、國名、病名前。 Wang Fu Jing Street，Pei Hai Park 北海公園，Beijing University 但也可說 the University of Beijing。2、抽象名詞表示一般概念時，一般不用冠詞。 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understandingof life. （2004年遼寧卷）3、物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，一般不用冠詞。 The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by

9、the sort of wool used.（2001年全國卷）4、表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前，常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時，加 the 。 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 類似的名詞還有：president，monitor，headmaster，mayor 等。5、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期幾、節(jié)、假日等表示時間的名稱前，不用冠詞。但我國的陰歷節(jié)前要用the。 Childrens Day，Womens Day，May Day the Spring Festival。6、三餐、學(xué)科名稱、球類活動和棋類游戲的名稱前，不用冠詞。 p

10、lay basketball，play chess。7、man 作“人類”講時，同 human，mankind 一樣不用冠詞。 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color. （2004年廣東卷）8、by 與表示“通信、交通”的詞連用，表示通信,交通手段時，不用冠詞。 If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable

11、 journey, but make sure you get a fast one. （2005年全國III卷）9、復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. （2005年北京卷）10、有些名詞與介詞搭配表示抽象意義，不加冠詞，常作狀語。 His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.（2001年上海卷） in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/c

12、omfort，in love with，under pressure，beyond expression 等。典例精析：1. _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch. （2007年山東卷）A. A； a B. The； 不填 C. The； a D. A； 不填解析：the walk 是指大家心中都明白的 walk ，因此用定冠詞特指；a packed lunch 是泛指，指一份盒飯。答案：C。2. -Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?-Sorry, w

13、e dont have _ Johnson here in the village. （2007年全國II卷）A. the； the B. the； a C不填； the D. the； 不填解析：“the +復(fù)數(shù)姓氏”表示“夫婦”或“全家”。在人的姓前加 a ，表示“某個姓的人”。所以選 B 。3. I looked under _bed and found _book I lost last week. （2007年北京卷）A. the； a B. the； the C. 不填；the D. the； 不填解析：bed特指說話的雙方心目中的那張床，要用定冠詞 the 。book 后接定語從

14、句，特指上周丟失的那本書，要用定冠詞 the 。所以選 B 。4. I wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt get _ride to the station. （2007年天津卷）A. an； the B./； the C. an； / D. the； a解析：early train 特指早班火車，要用定冠詞 the 。ride 表示泛指要用不定冠詞 a。所以選 D 。5. Christmas is _ special holiday when _whole family are supposed to get together.（2007年遼寧

15、卷）A. the； the B. a； a C. the； a D. a； the解析：這句話的意思是：圣誕節(jié)是一個整個家庭應(yīng)該聚在一起的特殊的節(jié)日。 A special holiday“一個特殊的節(jié)日”，是泛指，用不定冠詞 a 。the whole family 特指“整個家庭”，用定冠詞 the 。所以選 D 。冠詞用法口訣四冠詞的活用。1. 抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可能會和a, an 連用。 如a heavy rain, a surprise 一件驚奇的事, a pleasure, a success/ failure等。Exercises: 1. I dont think my

16、 chances of _ success were very good. 2. The gift came as _ complete surprise to me.2. 表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面一般要加定冠詞，但是如果此類名詞有修飾成分，也可以用a/ an 如： the moon, a full moon, in the world, in a world without air3. 牢記高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞，它們前面永遠不能加不定冠詞。如：weather, space, fun, advice, news, information, progress4. 專有名詞前冠詞的用

17、法比較復(fù)雜，但一般情況下不含普通名詞的專有名詞前不用冠詞，如Beijing, New York. The Changjiang River, The Great Wall5. 易混結(jié)構(gòu) the +比較級 表示兩者中比較的一個 the taller one of the two brothers a + 比較級， 表示一個更的 The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one. a most= a very 無比較范圍，無比較含義 He is a most hard-working student.

18、 the +序數(shù)詞 表示順序 This is the second one. a/an +序數(shù)詞, 不表順序，表示又一，再一 can you give me a second chance? 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a2.If you go by _train ,you can ha

19、ve quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _fast one.A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life.A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a4. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.A. the , the B. a ,the C. a,

20、 a D. the, a5.If you grow up in _large family ,youare more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the 6.Mrs ,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D.

21、the7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport.A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the 8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHaowon the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1.A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a 9.I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famou

22、s one.A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, a 10.The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/ 11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel ; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the ,a B.

23、 the,/ C. a ,th e D. a,/12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off_.A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/14.When he left

24、_college ,he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office .A. /, a B/, the C .a the D .the, the15The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution.A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the16.While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope Newton

25、made _discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a17.It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen.A. a. the B. a, a C. the, a D. /,/19.Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class.A. the ,/ B. a,/ C.

26、a ,the D. /, the20.For a long time they walked without saying _word .Jim was the first t break _silence. A. the, a B. a ,the C. a ,/ D. the,/21.There was _time _I hated t go to school.A. a ,that B. a ,when C. the ,that D. the ,when 22.When you finish reading the book ,you will have _better understan

27、ding of _life.,A. a, the B. the .a C. /,the D.a,/23.I earn 10dollars _hours as _supermarket cashier on Saturday.A.a, an B. the ,a C. an ,a D . an ,the24The sign reads “in ease of_fire ,break the glass and push _red button”A. /,a B. /,the C. the ,the D. a ,a 25.I dont like talking on _telephone ; I p

28、refer writing _letter.A.a, the B. the./ C. the ,the D. A ,/26.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience.A. /, the B. /, an C. an. an D. the, the 27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _good knowledge of basic word formation.A./ B the C. a D. one28.T

29、he cakes are delicious . Hed like have _third one because _second one is rather too small.A. a, a B. the .the C. a ,the D. the ,a 29.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _leg. A. a B .one C. the D. his30.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.A. the,

30、the B. the ,/ C. /, the D. /,/答案：1A report 可數(shù)名詞， a recent report 一份近來的報告 ，是泛指；第二個空填the 表特指示2090年。2B. by train 乘火車，by 在接交通工具類的同時，一般不接冠詞，如by bike , by ship ; 根據(jù)句意第二個空應(yīng)該是泛指。3B teachers 此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，指一切老師；have a life 相當(dāng)于live /lead alife 過一種、樣的生活4D. leave the city 離開這座城市。a Monday 一個星期一，表泛指。5.B. a large fam

31、ily 一個大家庭； the ability此處表泛指“與別人相處好的能力”； others其他人表泛指。6C. have a gift for 有做、的天賦，相當(dāng)于have a talent for.7.B. give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車，此處ride 是可數(shù)名詞，表示“搭車”。 8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship是專有名詞，由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，一般前面要加the；with a score of 比分是9.B. a John Lennon 一個叫做John Lennon的人，表泛指。10. C leave school 畢業(yè)11A. go to the hotel 去旅店 ；a bed 此處表泛指，“一個地方”12C. the price 此處表特指，“原價”。13B.此句的意思是：在講英語的加拿大人和講法語的加拿大人之間的那種逐漸增長的