1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 語(yǔ)法,Subjunctive mood,一、語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi),英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語(yǔ)氣: 陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。,陳述語(yǔ)氣I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使語(yǔ)氣Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will

2、stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣 2,關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 1,關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 2,關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 3,關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 4,虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If I were you, I would not leave her alone.,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所說(shuō)的話(huà)不是事實(shí),而是一中假設(shè), 愿望, 懷疑或推測(cè).虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句,也可用于名詞性從句等.,名從：Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.,虛擬條件句 表示條件是無(wú)

3、法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,一. if Sentence Structure p86 if 虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu),a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) b. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) c. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè),1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中 (1) 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 條件 狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(或were)”, 而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,If I were a boy, I would join the army.,If I had a lot of money,I woul

4、d buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go shopping.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fil

5、l in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,2. 與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用had過(guò)去分詞, 構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)had過(guò)去分詞的形式； 主句的謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱(chēng))/would (第二、三人稱(chēng)) /could/might have

6、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。,If he _ （drive)more carefully, he _(have) the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _(learn) how to swim,I _ (be) trapped in this island last year.,had learnt,would not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earl

7、ier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用If I (we, you, he, they) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句謂語(yǔ)用should(第

8、一人稱(chēng)) /would (第二、三人稱(chēng)) /could/ might 動(dòng)詞原形。,If he got up early,他就會(huì)按時(shí)了。,he would be on time.,假如他來(lái)了, 我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看見(jiàn)我, 就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _

9、 (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間, 這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同, 這叫做混合條件句。 例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反, 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相

10、反 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,V+ ed (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V (原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. V. + ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.(原),總

11、結(jié)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法,二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型:,1. wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)在: 過(guò)去時(shí)(were) 過(guò)去: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done) 未來(lái): would/could/might +V.(原) should,I wish everyday were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much food.,I wish I would grow tall.,我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我昨天要是遇見(jiàn)他就好了。 I wish I had met him yest

12、erday. 我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。 I wish I would be a scientist.,我希望和你一樣高。,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過(guò)去分詞”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,I wish it would rain t

13、omorrow.,2. would rather that,現(xiàn)在: 過(guò)去: 未來(lái):, I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),3. 表示要求、命令、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令， 三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即 1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose 4) de

14、mand, require, request, ask,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”, 即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí), 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2) He insisted that she _ (be)ser

15、iously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.,obey,was,be sent,3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request,4. Its

16、 necessary/strange/natural/ important /pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句, 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形,我們掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是非常重要的。 It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.,很奇怪她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)。 Its necessary that we should study hard.,5.

17、 as if /though + 從句,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去：,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí), She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),She talks about Rome as th

18、ough she had been there herself., 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。 He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起來(lái)似乎是冰做的。 She looked as if she were made of ice.,我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。,6. Its (about/high) time +that,過(guò)去時(shí)(were) should(不省) +V.,你該走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high

19、time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,7. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中， “要是就好了” If only I were a flying bird! = How I wish I were a flying bird! 要是我看過(guò)那部電影就好了！ If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film!,

20、8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。,If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.,要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)。 If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help = Without your help = Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的條件句 當(dāng)條件

21、從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一 致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)， 這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見(jiàn)的 混合型條件句是從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí) （指過(guò)去行為），而主句用一般時(shí) （指目前狀態(tài)）。,如果他聽(tīng)了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過(guò)考試。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我對(duì)他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么 辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)打破那杯子。 If I were you,

22、I would not have broken the glass.,10. 連詞if的省略 如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)部分有were, had和should時(shí), 可省略if, 把were, had 和should放到從句主語(yǔ)前面去, 多見(jiàn)于 書(shū)面語(yǔ)。 要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就失敗了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed., 假如你處在我的地位，你也會(huì)這樣干的。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底 消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely.,句型練習(xí) (用If I were you句型翻譯下列句子),1. 我要是你的話(huà), 我就會(huì)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)