1、Part2 考點(diǎn)7,考點(diǎn)7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1.主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)： (1)在狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 (2)含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣 2.復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)： (1)掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本概念及用法。 (2)在條件句中省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 (3)意義上不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。,3. 應(yīng)對(duì)方法： 解題時(shí)，首先要確定題干句子表示的句意為真實(shí)的還是虛擬的，來(lái)決定是否該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。帶有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句應(yīng)重點(diǎn)看從句，根據(jù)從句句意所表達(dá)的信息來(lái)判斷是否該用虛擬。虛擬語(yǔ)氣確定后要明確是對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去還是對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從而確定虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式。,(1) If I had(have) time, I would go

2、there. (2) If you had come earlier, you couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed(miss) the bus. (3) If it should_rain/were_to_rain(rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. (4) We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.,1. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(5) We got up early for fear that we should miss the f

3、irst bus. (6) We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus. (7) She speaks English as though she were a native of New York. (8) It seems as if he doesnt know her.,1. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法：非真實(shí)的條件，常由if 引導(dǎo)，主句和從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1. 條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， 從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)(be多用were)；主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could/might動(dòng)詞原形，如

4、：(1)。 2. 條件與過去事實(shí)相反， 從句謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)had done；主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should /could /mighthave done，如：(2)。,3. 條件與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用should do / were to do；主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could / might動(dòng)詞原形，如：(3)。 規(guī)則1：目的狀語(yǔ)從句 1. so that/ in order that 從句： 從句：用can /could / may / might 動(dòng)詞原形，如：(4)。 2. for fear that/in case that 從句：從句用shoul

5、d動(dòng)詞原形)“以防，萬(wàn)一”，如：(5)。,3. lest 從句：從句用should 動(dòng)詞原形，“以防萬(wàn)一”，如：(6)。 規(guī)則2：方式狀語(yǔ)從句 as if/ as though 從句：從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣與wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似，如：(7)。 【注意】 as if / as though連接的從句表示可能的事實(shí)時(shí)，不需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：(8)。,2. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(1)It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day. The doctors suggestion is that I (should) exercise eve

6、ry day. (2) His face suggested that he was very sad. (3) How he wishes that he were a bird. (4) We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.,(5) We wish we would live on the moon one day. (6) I would rather you were not here with me now. (7) I would rather you hadnt done that. (8) It is imp

7、ortant that we (should)have a good knowledge of computer science. (9) It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting. (10) We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.,2. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,規(guī)則1：名詞性從句中，表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時(shí)，名詞性從句用(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。 (1) 建議：動(dòng)詞advise, suggest, propose, recommend (名詞advice,

8、 suggestion, proposal, recommendation) (2) 命令：名詞order, command (3) 要求： 動(dòng)詞request, require, demand, ask, insist (名詞request, requirement, demand)，如：(1)。,【注意】 (1)suggest 意為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：(2)。 (2)insist 意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 規(guī)則2：I wish (that) 賓語(yǔ)從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) (1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過去時(shí)，如：(3)。,(2) 表示

9、愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過去完成時(shí)，如：(4)。 (3) 表示愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，從句常用could/might/would 動(dòng)詞原形，如：(5)。 規(guī)則3：would rather/prefer that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) (1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過去時(shí)，如：(6)。 (2) 表示愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過去完成時(shí)，如：(7)。,規(guī)則4：名詞性從句表示說話人“強(qiáng)烈”的感情色彩時(shí)，從句用should 動(dòng)詞原形/should have done，should 可譯為“應(yīng)該；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。 常見的句型如下： (1)It is impor

10、tant/necessary/ strange/ surprising/ funny/ natural that 從句，如：(8)。 (2) It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder that從句，如：(9)。 (3) 主語(yǔ) be sorry/ disappointed/ surprised that從句，如：(10)。,3. 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(1) Its time that we should go home. (2) Its time that we went home. (3) It is the second time that

11、I have visited Beijing. (4) It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.,Its (about/high/very) time that從句 (從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用一般過去式或 should do, should 不能省略)，意為“某人該做某事了”，如：(1)、(2)。 注意下面固定句型的時(shí)態(tài)搭配： It/This is the first/second/time that主語(yǔ)has / have done It/This was the first/second/time that 主語(yǔ)had done.如

12、：(3)、(4)。,4. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(1) Long live the Peoples Republic of China! (2) May you succeed! (3) Everybody leave the room! (4) Let one of you go and tell her to come.,虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)，一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞原形。 規(guī)則1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。 規(guī)則2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。,5. 含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(1)If only you hadnt_told(not tell) him the news. (2)Hu

13、man beings would die without water. Human beings would_die if there were no water. (3)I couldnt_have_succeeded but for your help. I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me.,5. 含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(4)I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. If I had_had money then, I would have bought t

14、hat book. (5)Had they had time(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us. (6)If I had studied in a university, I would get the job in the company.,常用含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況： 規(guī)則1：if only 意為“要是 就好了”(與wish后面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似)，如：(1)。 規(guī)則2：without / but for 如果沒有，就會(huì)。如：(2)、(3)。 規(guī)則3：otherwise / or 否則，不然的話，就會(huì)。如：(4)。,【注意】 (1)當(dāng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有had，should，were時(shí)，在正式或書面語(yǔ)言中可將if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，變?yōu)榘氲寡b，如：(5)。