1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是中考的必考時(shí)態(tài)，由于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)既涉及到過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系到現(xiàn)在，和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)既有聯(lián)系，又有區(qū)別，所以同學(xué)們掌握起來(lái)比較困難。,完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法,（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have yo

2、u milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；多是一般疑問(wèn)句。,構(gòu)成,助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。,2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等,一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)

3、方法有兩種: for: +一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years,Since 過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came since you got home.,注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for one week.,對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用How long,（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別

4、： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。,一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較,1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與

5、具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, a

6、lways, 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句：,I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，jo

7、ined為短暫行為。) 注意：句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.,1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch(get) a cold borrow Come/go /become put on-,2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名

8、詞 join the army Join the Party go to school,Have,have a cold,keep,be,wear,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed,4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ) go to school be in school join the army be in the army,1.我們買這本書三年了.,We have had the boo

9、k for three years.,2.他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago.,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句,be dead,be over,be on,3.自從上星期我借的這本書,I have kept the book since last week.,4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.,I have been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the b

10、ook last week.,I became a student two years ago.,5.Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,6.小名參軍半年了。,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,7.我們上了8年學(xué)了。,We have been students for eight years.,8.下課10分鐘了,Th

11、e class has been over for ten minutes.,9.電影開始了一小時(shí)了,The film has been on for an hour.,注：含延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。 She has worked for ten years. . . .,She began to work ten years ago,She has worked since ten years ago.,It is ten years since she began to work,Ten years has passed since she began to work,Exer

12、cises,Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A havent you B have you C do you D dont you 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her parents. 3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it? A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch,4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A lived

13、B has lived C lives D is going to live 5. His grandma _ for two years. A died B has been dead C was dead D has died,6. Where is Han Mei now? - She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A has gone B has been C goes D had gone 7. -_ to the United Stated ? - No, never,but I went to Canada a few

14、years ago,8. You havent changed your mind,_? A do you B are you C have you D did you,9. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A been on B been at C joined D played 10. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone 11. How long have you _ this book? A bou