1、Book Three,Unit Two,Myths and Legends,Unit Two,Task 1: Who Are They? Task 2: Fables Task 3: Bedtime Stories,Myths and Legends,Do you have any favorite myths and legends?,Myths and Legends,Myth is not something fictional or illusory but something of exceptional significance and value. Anne Baring,Tas

2、k 1,Task 1,Who are they?,Task 1,Click the picture to get the answer,Who are they?,Task 2,Fables Aesops Quotations,Better be wise by the misfortunes of others than by your own. The gods help those who help themselves. It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow Aesop,Task 2,Aesops Fables

3、,A fable is a short story devised to convey some useful lesson, an apologue（道德故事）. A distinctive feature of the fable is that it contains a moral truth. Aesop, a Greek slave, left the world the most valuable, the famous Aesops Fables . The following story is one of his fables. Listen and find out th

4、e moral.,Task 2,Aesops Fables,Directions: Listen to the fable and find out the moral.,Task 2,The goose with the golden eggs,One morning a countryman went to his gooses nest, and saw a yellow and glittering egg there. He took the egg home. To his delight, he found that it was an egg of pure gold. Eve

5、ry morning the same thing occurred, and he soon became rich by selling his eggs. The countryman became more and more greedy. He wanted to get all the gold at once, so he killed the goose, when he looked inside, he found nothing in its body. Moral: If one is too greedy, he would get nothing in return

6、.,Script,Task 2,Chinese Fables,China is a country rich in fables such as “Qi Ren You Tian”(The Worrier of Qi) and “Hua She Tian Zu” (The “Finishing” Touch). Watch a silent video of a popular Chinese fable and produce an aside for it.,Task 2,Chinese Fables,Task 2,His Spear Against His Shield,In the s

7、tate of Chu there was a man who had a spear and a shield for sale. He was loud in praises of his shield. “My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.” He also sang praises of his spear. “My spear is so strong that it can pierce through anything.” “What would happen,” he was asked, “if

8、 your spear is used to pierce your shield?” He was unable to give an answer. Moral: It is impossible for an impenetrable shield to coexist with a spear that finds nothing impenetrable.,Model,Task 3,Bedtime Stories,Myths and fairy-tales come to us from the dimension of the soul. They speak the langua

9、ge of the soul, reflect the imagery of the soul. They are stories the soul tells us about its own secret life. Anne Baring,The tales we loved as children often contain clues about the needs we had at that time. We might not have been in touch with our needs on a conscious level, but they were there

10、nonetheless. Laura Bryannan,Task 3,Whatever the explanation, stories that have been told and cherished for countless generations are bound to be good. “Cinderella”, “Snow White”, “the Monkey King”may accompany us every night and make our childhood memory more precious. Of all the bedtime stories, I

11、would like you to enjoy the most romantic one “Beauty and the Beast”,Bedtime Stories,Task 3,Beauty and the Beast,Click to stop and click again to continue,Task 3,In-Class ReadingWhy the Tortoises Shell Is Not Smooth,Work in groups to answer the following questions.,The birds knew that tortoise was c

12、unning and ungrateful. They thought he would begin his mischief so they refused to take him to the feast.,What did the birds think of the Tortoise?,Sample,What message did the Tortoise want the Parrot to take for his wife?,Sample,He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in h

13、is house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.,Why is the shell of the tortoise not smooth according to the story? Give a brief explanation.,Sample,When all the birds took back the feather

14、they had lent to Tortoise, he had no wings to fly home. Then when he fell, his shell was broken into hundreds of pieces, for he crashed onto those hard and sharp things the Parrot asked his wife to bring out. We know the Parrot lied because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.,W

15、hy the Tortoises Shell Is Not Smooth by Chinua Achebe,1 The distant sound of low voices, broken now and again by singing1, reached Okonkwo from his wives huts as each woman and her children told folk stories. Ekwefi and her daughter, Ezinma, sat on a mat on the floor. It was Ekwefis turn to tell a s

16、tory. Suddenly the murmuring stopped and all eyes turned to their favorite and most skillful storyteller. 2 “Once upon a time,” she began, “all the birds were invited to a feast in the sky. They were very happy and began to prepare themselves for the great day. They painted their bodies deep red and

17、 drew beautiful patterns on them with dye. 3 “Tortoise saw all these preparations and soon discovered what it all meant. Nothing that happened in the world of the animals ever escaped his notice; he was full of cunning. As soon as he heard of the great feast in the sky his throat began to itch at th

18、e very thought. There was a famine in those days and Tortoise had not eaten a good meal for two moons2. His body rattled like a dry stick in his empty shell. Slowly but surely he began to plan how he would go to the sky.”,4 “But he had no wings,” said Ezinma. 5 “Be patient,” replied her mother. “Tha

19、t is the story.3 Tortoise had no wings, but he went to the birds and asked to be allowed to go with them. 6 “ We know you too well, said the birds when they had heard him. You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful. If we allow you to come with us you will soon begin your mischief. We know you o

20、f old4. 7 “ You do not know me, said Tortoise. I am a changed man. I am not the mischievous man you once knew. On the contrary, I am thoughtful and well-meaning5. I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself. Rest assured, I promise I will not cause you a

21、ny trouble. 8 “Tortoise had a sweet tongue, and within a short time all the birds agreed that he was a changed man, and they all gave him a feather, with which he made two splendidly colorful wings.,9 “At last the great day came and Tortoise was the first to arrive at the meeting place. When all the

22、 birds had gathered together, they all set off together. Tortoise was very happy as he flew among the birds, and he was soon chosen as the man to speak for the party because he was a great orator. 10 “There is one important thing which we must not forget, he said as they flew on their way. When peop

23、le are invited to a great feast like this, they take new names for the occasion. Our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor this age-old custom. 11 “None of the birds had heard of this custom but they knew that Tortoise, in spite of his failings in other areas, was a widely traveled man who knew t

24、he customs of different peoples. And so they each took a new name. When they had all taken a new name, Tortoise also took one. He was to be called All of You.,12 “At last the party arrived in the sky and their hosts were very happy to see them. Tortoise stood up in his many-colored plumage and thank

25、ed them for their invitation. His speech was so eloquent that all the birds were glad they had brought him, and nodded their heads in approval of all he said. Their hosts took him as the king of the birds, especially as he looked somewhat different from the others. 13 “After a selection of nuts6 had

26、 been presented and eaten, the people of the sky set before their guests the most delectable dishes Tortoise had ever seen or dreamed of. The soup was brought out hot from the fire and in the very pot in which it had been cooked. It was full of meat and fish. Tortoise began to sniff aloud. There was

27、 pounded yam and also yam soup cooked with palm oil and fresh fish. There were also pots of palm wine. When everything had been set before the guests, one of the people of the sky came forward and tasted a little from each pot. He then invited the birds to eat. But Tortoise jumped to his feet and as

28、ked: For whom have you prepared this feast? 14 “ For all of you, replied the man.,15 “Tortoise turned to the birds and said: You remember that my name is All of you. The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later. They will serve you when I have eaten. 16 “He began to eat and t

29、he birds grumbled angrily among themselves. The people of the sky thought it must be their custom to leave all the food for their king. And so Tortoise ate the best part of the food and then drank two pots of palm wine, so that he was full of food and drink and his body grew fat enough to fill out h

30、is shell. 17 “The birds gathered round to eat what was left and to peck at the bones he had thrown on the floor. Some of them were too angry to eat. They chose to fly home on an empty stomach7. But before they left each took back the feather he had lent to Tortoise. And there he stood in his hard sh

31、ell full of food and wine but without any wings to fly home.8 He asked the birds to take a message for his wife, but they all refused. In the end Parrot, who had felt more angry than the others, suddenly changed his mind and agreed to take the message.,18 “ Tell my wife, said Tortoise, to bring out

32、all the soft things in my house and cover the ground with them so that I can jump down from the sky without hurting myself. 19 “Parrot promised faithfully to deliver the message, and then flew away smiling to himself. However when he reached Tortoises house he told his wife to bring out all the hard

33、 and sharp things in the house. And so Tortoises wife dutifully brought out her husbands hoes, knives, spears, guns, and even his cannon. Tortoise looked down from the sky and saw his wife bringing things out, but it was too far to see what they were. When all seemed ready he let himself go9. He fel

34、l and fell and fell until he began to fear that he would never stop falling. And then like the sound of his cannon he crashed to the ground.” 20 “Did he die?” asked Ezinma. 21 “No,” replied Ekwefi. “His shell broke into hundreds of pieces. But there was a great medicine man10 in the neighborhood. To

35、rtoises wife sent for him and he gathered all the bits of shell and stuck them together. That is why the Tortoises shell is not smooth.”,Ekwefi, the favorite and most skillful storyteller, told folk stories.,Introduction (Para. 1),All the birds were invited to a feast in the sky. (Para. 2),B. Tortoi

36、se planned how he would go to the sky with all the birds. (Para. 3),Why the tortoises shell is not smooth (Para. 2-21),C. Tortoise made all the birds agree that he was a changed man, and they all gave him a feather, with which he made two splendidly colorful wings. (Para. 4-8),D. Tortoises selfish w

37、ords and deeds at the feast in the sky. (Para. 9-16),E. The birds revenge and Tortoises result. (Para. 17-21),Why the tortoises shell is not smooth (Para. 2-21),本句采用了明喻的修辭手法，非常形象地說(shuō)明了烏龜饑餓的程度。like是介詞，表示“像一樣”，是這個(gè)比喻句的比喻詞，his body 是本體，a dry stick是喻體。明喻（simile）就是兩個(gè)不同類對(duì)象之間的相似點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比喻。明喻中常用like做比喻詞，此外還有as, as

38、if, as though, as as, similar to等等。,譯 文,His body rattled like a dry stick in his empty shell. (Line 13),她的幸福像晨露一樣消失了。,美者猶如夏日蔬果，易腐難存。,Her happiness vanished like the morning dew.,Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last.,Example,雨傾盆而下，猶如天上的水閘打開(kāi)了，而且電光閃閃，極其可怕。,It rained as

39、if the flood-gates of Heaven were opened, and it lighted awfully.,His body rattled like a dry stick in his empty shell. (Line 13),他的身體就像一段枯柴棍在空蕩蕩的軀殼里咔咔作響。,Back,slowly but surely: carefully in order to avoid problems 穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打地 surely: in a sure way 穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)?，踏?shí)地，有把握 副詞連用作方式狀語(yǔ)，使句意鮮明、思想突出。此處說(shuō)明烏龜富于心計(jì)。這類短語(yǔ)常位于句首，也可

40、放在句末。,譯 文,Slowly but surely he began to plan how he would go to the sky. (Line 14),那艘巨輪緩慢而平穩(wěn)地下水了。,這位小提琴手把難度大的樂(lè)段演奏得很有技巧，也很有把握。,Slowly but surely the great ship glided into the water.,The violinist played the difficult passage skillfully and surely.,Example,于是他穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打地開(kāi)始計(jì)劃如何能到天上去。,Slowly but surely he be

41、gan to plan how he would go to the sky. (Line 14),Back,choose to do something 表示“選定，決定做某事”, 后面接不定式。,譯 文,They chose to fly home on an empty stomach. (Line 67),Example,他們決定不理她的警告。,They choose to ignore her warning.,如果有事業(yè)機(jī)會(huì), 幾乎沒(méi)有婦女會(huì)愿意呆在家里。,Few women, offered the chance of such a career, would choose to

42、 stay at home.,我決定繼續(xù)我音樂(lè)教師的生涯。,I chose to continue with my career as a music teacher.,他們寧可空著肚子飛回去。,They chose to fly home on an empty stomach. (Line 67),Back,And there he stood in his hard shell full of food and wine but without any wings to fly home. (Line 69),全句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是he stood there, there一詞置前倒裝。ful

43、l of food and wine 和 without any wings to fly home 兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明烏龜現(xiàn)在酒足飯飽，但是卻沒(méi)有翅膀回家的窘迫狀況。,譯 文,And there he stood in his hard shell full of food and wine but without any wings to fly home. (Line 69),烏龜站在那兒，身上只剩了一個(gè)硬殼，里面滿是佳肴美酒，卻沒(méi)了可飛回家的翅膀。,Back,feast (Line 6, Para. 2),n. 1) a large meal, especially one fo

44、r a special occasion 盛宴 2) a day kept in memory of a religious event（宗教的）節(jié)日,v. + on eat and drink a lot on a special occasion 盡情地吃喝，飽餐,圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個(gè)重要節(jié)日。,為了向來(lái)訪的總統(tǒng)表示敬意，廚師長(zhǎng)準(zhǔn)備了盛宴。,The chef _ in honor of the presidents visit.,Christmas is _ for Christians.,Translation,他飽覽了落日美景。,He _ on the beautiful sight

45、of sunset.,請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。,an important feast,prepared a feast,feasted his eyes,Back,那個(gè)忘恩負(fù)義的孩子將我的禮物扔到地板上。,我不想讓人覺(jué)得我不領(lǐng)情，但我真的不需要任何幫助。,I dont mean to sound ungrateful, but I really dont need any help.,The ungrateful child threw my gift on the floor.,ungrateful (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 6) not expressing thanks f

46、or something that someone has given to you or done for you 忘恩負(fù)義的；不領(lǐng)情的,Translation,Back,mischief (n.) (Line 20, Para. 6) playful misbehavior or trouble- making, especially in children 頑皮；搗蛋；惡作劇,mischievous (adj.) 調(diào)皮的；惡作劇的,告訴孩子們別胡鬧。,他需要一個(gè)愛(ài)好來(lái)使自己忙起來(lái)并且停止搞惡作劇。,He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop hi

47、m from getting into mischief.,Tell the children to keep out of mischief.,Translation,Back,你可以放心，我們一定盡力而為。,請(qǐng)放心，一切都正常。,Rest assured that everything is under control.,You can rest assured that we will do all we can.,Translation,rest assured (Line 24, Para. 7) not to worry or be certain 請(qǐng)放心；請(qǐng)確信(無(wú)疑) （常用于

48、祈使句）,make sure that 確信，(自我)感到確信無(wú)疑,近義短語(yǔ)辨析,I make sure that he would be here.,Rest assured that he would be here.,放心吧，他會(huì)來(lái)這里的。,我確信他會(huì)來(lái)這里。,Back,eloquent (adj.) (Line 46, Para. 12) fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing 雄辯的，有說(shuō)服力的； 清楚表明的,蘇珊在她的畢業(yè)課上做了動(dòng)人的演講。,Her enthusiasm made her quite eloquent.,她的熱情使她

49、講起話來(lái)很是流利。,Susan gave an eloquent speech to her graduating class.,Translation,反義詞：tongue-tied,Back,Our teacher gave her approval to our plans for a graduation party.,We wont start building without the mayors approval.,沒(méi)有市長(zhǎng)的批準(zhǔn)，我們不會(huì)動(dòng)工。,老師同意了我們舉辦畢業(yè)聚會(huì)的計(jì)劃。,Translation,approval (Line 47, Para. 12) 贊成，同意；批準(zhǔn)

50、，認(rèn)可,We will have to submit this plan for approval by the managing director.,我們得將此計(jì)劃提交總經(jīng)理批準(zhǔn)。,Back,他不是果敢地去面對(duì)困難，而是抱怨自己運(yùn)氣不佳。,火車(chē)轟隆一聲起動(dòng)了。,The train _ motion.,He _ instead of resolutely facing his difficulties.,Translation,grumble (v.) (Line 62, Para. 16) 1) (+ about/at/over) speak with a low, indistinct,

51、and possibly complaining voice 咕噥，嘟囔，發(fā)牢騷 近義詞：complain，mutter 2) rumble 發(fā)轟轟聲,請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。,grumbles at his luck,grumbled into,Back,faithfully (adv.) (Line 76, Para. 19) faithful (adj.),1) full of or showing loyalty 忠實(shí)的，忠誠(chéng)的，可信賴的,2) true to the facts or to an original 如實(shí)的，準(zhǔn)確可靠的,3) (+ to) loyal to ones (mar

52、riage) partner by having no sexual relationship with anyone else 忠貞的，貞潔的,請(qǐng)明確下面各句中 faithful 的含義并翻譯句子。,Exercise,He is faithful in word and deed.,He will be faithful to you if you marry him.,假如你與他結(jié)婚，他會(huì)對(duì)你忠誠(chéng)的。,他言行忠實(shí)。,Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book?,你認(rèn)為這部改編的電影劇本忠實(shí)于原著嗎？,忠實(shí)的,忠貞的,如

53、實(shí)的,faithful, loyal, constant,近義詞辨析,faithful 指“一貫忠于誓言、責(zé)任和義務(wù)等”,loyal 指 “堅(jiān)定不移地忠于某人、事業(yè)或國(guó) 家等”，而且含有“愿為其不顧艱苦而 奮斗到底”的意味,constant 表示“堅(jiān)定的”、“堅(jiān)貞的”、“經(jīng) 久不變的”，強(qiáng)調(diào) “忠誠(chéng)的穩(wěn)定性”,請(qǐng)選擇 faithful, loyal, constant 的適當(dāng)形式填空。,Exercise,他們對(duì)友誼忠貞不渝。 They are _ in friendship.,我們必須忠于祖國(guó)。 We must be _ to our motherland.,loyal,constant,他信

54、守諾言。 He is _ to his promise.,faithful,Back,take something (to someone or some place) 送遞,2) (for a woman) give birth to a baby 生產(chǎn),3) give a speech; read something out loud 演講,deliver (v.) (Line 76, Para. 19),我們公司會(huì)送貨上門(mén)。,安娜生了一對(duì)健康的雙胞胎。,Anna delivered a healthy set of twins.,Our company will deliver your

55、 order to your door.,Translation,她做了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于社會(huì)哲學(xué)的演講。,She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society.,Back,dutifully (adv.) (Line 78, Para. 19) obediently 恭順地；盡職盡責(zé)地,人們恭敬地排隊(duì)等候投票。,作為明星，他經(jīng)常毫無(wú)怨言地、盡職盡責(zé)地親筆 簽名。,As a famous star, he always dutifully signs autographs without complaint.,The people stood dutiful

56、ly in line waiting to vote.,Translation,Back,Nothing ever escapes his notice.,His throat began to itch at the very thought of the great feast in the sky.,He was full of cunning.,任何事都逃不過(guò)他的眼睛。,一想到天上的盛宴，他不禁垂涎三尺。,他狡黠無(wú)比，詭計(jì)多端。,We know you of old.,我們老早就把你看透了。/ 我了解你可不是一天兩天了。,She has a sweet tongue.,the age-

57、old custom,她巧舌如簧。 / 她能說(shuō)會(huì)道。,古老的習(xí)俗,a widely traveled man,一個(gè)游歷甚廣的人,to go home on an empty stomach,餓著肚子回家,如何處理英語(yǔ)否定句 完全否定 不完全否定 雙重否定 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 意義否定,如何處理英語(yǔ)否定句 英語(yǔ)否定句的復(fù)雜性主要體現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)否定詞的多樣性和否定詞位置以及相互搭配的靈活性上。因此，譯者可以將英語(yǔ)否定句劃分為五個(gè)類型分類處理，即:,完全否定,不完全否定,雙重否定,否定轉(zhuǎn)移,意義否定,I dont know what course others may take, but, as for me,

58、give me freedom or give me death!,我不管別人采取什么途徑，對(duì)我而言，不自由，吾寧死。,完全否定一般只用一個(gè)否定詞對(duì)意義的表達(dá)進(jìn)行全面或完全否定，這類否定詞標(biāo)志明顯，較容易掌握，比如：not, no, never, nobody, no one, nothing, neither nor 等。,I know you want a bigger house, but thats neither here nor there, we cant afford it now.,Ill have none of your stupid ideas!,我才不接受你那愚蠢的意

59、見(jiàn)！,我知道你想要一幢大一點(diǎn)的房子,但你說(shuō)了也沒(méi)有用, 因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在買(mǎi)不起。,The good and the beautiful do not always go together.,善同美并非始終相連。,英語(yǔ)否定詞與all, both, every, always等詞連用時(shí)，就構(gòu)成意義部分否定，即不完全否定。譯者需要謹(jǐn)慎處理漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式，以免造成歧義。,In this opinion both parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong.,Every one cannot make music.,并非人人都懂音樂(lè)。,據(jù)此看來(lái)，雙方都可能對(duì)，但不可能雙方都錯(cuò)。,There is no grammatical rule that has not exceptions.,沒(méi)有一條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則沒(méi)有例外（每條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則都有例外）。,雙重否定句既