1、14.10.2020,.,1,第一章 眼科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) Chapter one Basic ophthalmology,14.10.2020,.,2,第一節(jié) 眼的組織解剖 anatomy of eyeball 一眼球 The globe (eyeball) 正常眼球的前后徑出生時(shí)約16mm. 3歲時(shí)達(dá)23mm. 成年時(shí)24mm. anterior and posterior distance of normal eyeball is 16mm in born. At age 3 23mm, at adult 24mm,14.10.2020,.,3,（一） 眼球壁 Eyecoat,1. 外層 The

2、outer coat 1/6 角膜 Cornea 5/6 鞏膜 Sclera,14.10.2020,.,4,（1）角膜 Cornea,橫徑 The transverse diameter 11.5-12mm 垂直徑 The vertical diameter 10.5-11mm,14.10.2020,.,5,前表面曲率半徑 The radius of convex curvature in front 7.8mm 后表面曲率半徑 The radius of convex curvature in back 6.8mm 角膜厚度中央部 The central thickness 0.5-0.55

3、mm 角膜厚度周邊部 The periphery thickness1mm,14.10.2020,.,6,組織學(xué)分層,上皮細(xì)胞層 Epithelium 前彈力層 Bowmans membrane 基質(zhì)層 Stroma 后彈力層 Descemets membrane 內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞層 Endothelium,14.10.2020,.,7,14.10.2020,.,8,(2)鞏膜 Sclera組織學(xué)分層,表層鞏膜 The episclera 鞏膜實(shí)質(zhì)層 The scleral stroma 棕黑板層 The lamina fascia,14.10.2020,.,9,角鞏膜緣 Limbus 前房角 Ant

4、erior chamber angle,14.10.2020,.,10,2中層 The middle coat,葡萄膜 Uvea 色素膜 Tunica pigmentosa,14.10.2020,.,11,（1）虹膜 Iris,分層： 基質(zhì)層 Stroma 色素上皮層 Pigment epithelial layer 瞳孔 Pupil: 直徑2.5-4mm,14.10.2020,.,12,(2) 睫狀體 Ciliary body,睫狀冠 Pars plicata: 前1/3 睫狀突 Cliary processes: 睫狀體扁平部 Pars plana: 后2/3 鋸齒緣 Ora serrat

5、a:,14.10.2020,.,13,(3) 脈絡(luò)膜 Choroid,組成 大血管層 Large vascular layer 中血管層 Middle vascular layer 毛細(xì)血管層 Capillary layer,14.10.2020,.,14,3內(nèi)層 Inner layer 視網(wǎng)膜 Retina,中心凹 Fovea 黃斑 Macula lutea 中心小凹 Foveola黃斑中心凹Fovea centralis 視盤 Optic disc 視乳頭 Optic papilla 視杯、杯凹 Optic cup,14.10.2020,.,15,視網(wǎng)膜分層,外層 視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮層 Ret

6、inal pigment epithelium, RPE,14.10.2020,.,16,內(nèi)層 視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)感覺(jué)層,視錐、視桿細(xì)胞層（光感受器細(xì)胞層） Cone and rod layer 外界膜 External limiting membrane 外核層 Outer nuclear layer 外叢狀層 Outer plaxiform 內(nèi)核層 Inner nuclear layer 內(nèi)叢狀層 Inner plexiform layer 神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞層 Ganglion cell layer 神經(jīng)纖維層 Nerve fiber layer 內(nèi)界膜 Limiting membrane,14.10.

7、2020,.,17,14.10.2020,.,18,（二） 眼球內(nèi)容 Contents of the eye,1. 房水 Aqueous humor 前房 Anterior chamber 后房 Posterior chamber,14.10.2020,.,19,2. 晶狀體 Lens,14.10.2020,.,20,3. 玻璃體 Vitreous body,14.10.2020,.,21,14.10.2020,.,22,1.視路 Visual pathway,光感受器雙級(jí)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞視乳頭視神經(jīng)視交叉視束外側(cè)膝狀體視放射視皮質(zhì) retinal photoreceptorbipolar ce

8、llnervous ganglion cellsoptic diskoptic nerveoptic chasmoptic tractlateral geniculate bodyoptic radiationvisual cortex.,14.10.2020,.,23,二、眼眶及附屬器 Orbit and accessory apparatus,(一) 眼眶 Orbit 1.視神經(jīng)孔和視神經(jīng)管 Optic foramen and canal 2.眶上裂 Superior orbital fissure 3.眶下裂 Inferior orbital fissure 4.眶上切跡（或孔） The

9、 supraorbital notch,14.10.2020,.,24,（二）眼瞼 Eye lids,1 皮膚層 The skin 2 皮下組織層 Subcutaneous 3 肌層 Muscular layer 4 瞼板層 Layer of the tarsal plate 5 結(jié)膜層 The conjunctival layer,14.10.2020,.,25,14.10.2020,.,26,(三) 結(jié)膜 Conjunctiva,1 瞼結(jié)膜 Palpebral conjunctiva 2 球結(jié)膜 Bulbar conjunctiva 3穹窿結(jié)膜 Fornical conjunctiva,1

10、4.10.2020,.,27,14.10.2020,.,28,(四)淚器 Lacrimal apparatus,1淚腺 Lacrimal gland 2淚道 Lacrimal passages (1)淚小點(diǎn) Lacrimal puncta (2)淚小管 Lacrimal canaliculi (3)淚囊 Lacrimal sac (4)鼻淚管 Nasolacrimal duct,14.10.2020,.,29,14.10.2020,.,30,(五) 眼外肌 Extraocular muscles,4條直肌 Rectus 上直肌 superior recti muscles 下直肌 inferi

11、or recti muscles 內(nèi)直肌 medial recti muscles 外直肌 external recti muscles 2條斜肌 Oblique muscle 上斜肌 superior oblique muscles 下斜肌 Inferior oblique muscles,14.10.2020,.,31,14.10.2020,.,32,三、視路 Visual pathway,（一）視神經(jīng) Optic nerve (1)眼內(nèi)段 Intraocular (2)眶內(nèi)段 Intraorbital (3)管內(nèi)段 Intracanalicular (4)顱內(nèi)段 Intracranial

12、 （二）視交叉 Optic chiasm （三）視束 Optic tract （四）外側(cè)膝狀體 Lateral geniculate body （五）視放射 Optic radiation （六）視皮質(zhì) Visual cortex,14.10.2020,.,33,2. 瞳孔反射路 Pathway of papillary reflex,光反射 Light reflex 直接光反射 Direct reflex 間接光反射 Indirect reflex 近反射 Near reflex,14.10.2020,.,34,14.10.2020,.,35,四、眼球的血液循環(huán)和神經(jīng)分布 Blood cir

13、culation and innervation of the globe,（一）血液循環(huán) Blood circulation 動(dòng)脈 Artery 視網(wǎng)膜中央血管系統(tǒng) the central retinal vascular system 睫狀血管系統(tǒng) the ciliary vascular system,14.10.2020,.,36,1.視網(wǎng)膜中央血管系統(tǒng) The central retinal vascular system 視網(wǎng)膜中央動(dòng)脈 Central retinal artery, CRA,14.10.2020,.,37,2. 睫狀血管系統(tǒng)the ciliary vascular

14、 system,(1)睫狀后短動(dòng)脈 Short posterior ciliary artery (2)睫狀后長(zhǎng)動(dòng)脈 Long posterior ciliary artery (3)睫狀前動(dòng)脈 Anterior ciliary artery,14.10.2020,.,38,靜脈 Vein,1. 視網(wǎng)膜中央靜脈 Central retinal vein CRV 2. 渦靜脈 Vortex vein 3. 睫狀前靜脈 Anterior ciliar vein,14.10.2020,.,39,（二）神經(jīng) Nerve,1睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié) Ciliary ganglion 2鼻睫狀神經(jīng) Nasociliary nerve,14.10.2020,.,40,視路及瞳孔反射 Optic pathway and pupillary reflex,14.10.2020,.,41,1瞳孔反射路 Pathway of pupillary reflex,光反射 Light reflex 直接光反射 direct reflex 間接光反射 indirect reflex 近反射 Near reflex,14.10.2020,.,42,2. 視路 Vi