I摘要2l世紀(jì)，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，數(shù)控機(jī)床在機(jī)械工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用比例逐漸增大，其中數(shù)控車床的應(yīng)用最為廣泛。數(shù)控車床與普通車床相比，在提高生產(chǎn)減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、降低生產(chǎn)成本和增加效益方面都有其優(yōu)越性。因此，設(shè)計(jì)一種功能全面、操作方便、安全可靠、價(jià)格經(jīng)濟(jì)的數(shù)控車床具有重要意義。本文主要從經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用上對(duì)數(shù)控車床的總體機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。電動(dòng)機(jī)通過變速箱與主軸進(jìn)行聯(lián)接，使主軸的功率、扭矩特性和電機(jī)的功率扭矩特性相匹配，這樣適用范圍就更寬，在使用方面也容易控制。為使數(shù)控車床具有更好的定位精度，本系統(tǒng)采用半閉環(huán)伺服系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)不僅對(duì)橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)，縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和詳細(xì)計(jì)算。還對(duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)軌的設(shè)計(jì)、液壓傳動(dòng)以及潤(rùn)滑與冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了闡述。關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控車床；電動(dòng)機(jī)；調(diào)速箱；軸；定位精度IIAbstract21stcentury,withthefastdevelopmentofcomputertechnology,CNCmachinetoolsareenlargedinapplicationproportionamongmechanicalindustry,amongwhichthenumericalcontrollatheisthemostpopularapplication.Comparingwithordinarylathe,thenumericalcontrollathehasitssuperiorityinboostingproductivity,lighteningworkerslaborintensity,reducingtheproductioncostandincreasingbenefit.Therefore,itismeaningfultodesignakindofnumericaicontrollatewithoverallfunctions,safeandreliable,priceeconomyeasytooperate.Theoverallinechanicalstructureofnumericalcontrollatehasbeendesignedinthispaper,mainlyfromeconomyandpracticalvalue.Themotorislinkedtospindle,makingpowerandtorsioncharacteristicofmatchtotorsioncharacteristicpoweroftheelectricalmachinery.Inthiscasethescopeofapplicationiswideranditiseasytocontrolduringmachining.Inordertomakethenumericalcontrollathehavethebetterprecisionoflocalization,thissystemadoptsservosystemthehalf-closedloop.Horizontalfeedsystemandverticalfeedsystemaredesignedandcalculatedindetailsinthisdesign.Inaddition,numericalcontrolsystem,guide-design,hydraulictransmission,lubricationandcoolingsystemareexpounde.Keyword:numericallycontrolledlathe；thetransmission；shaft；PositioningaccuracyIII目錄摘要.IAbstract.II第1章緒論.11.1數(shù)控技術(shù).11.1.1數(shù)字控制.11.1.2數(shù)控機(jī)床.11.1.3數(shù)控系統(tǒng).11.1.4數(shù)控程序.11.1.5數(shù)控編程.11.1.6數(shù)控加工.21.2數(shù)控機(jī)床的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展.21.3我國數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展概況.31.4數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)及適用范圍.41.4.1數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn).41.4.2數(shù)控機(jī)床的適用范圍.41.5數(shù)控車床的分類.51.6簡(jiǎn)易數(shù)控車床的特點(diǎn).5第2章數(shù)控車床的總體方案設(shè)計(jì).62.1數(shù)控車床的組成.62.2工藝范圍的確定.62.3數(shù)控車床的安全防護(hù).62.3.1熱變形的防止.62.3.2噪聲的防止.62.3.3振動(dòng)的防止.72.4基本參數(shù)的確定.72.4.1主參數(shù)和尺寸參數(shù).72.4.2運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的確定.72.4.3動(dòng)力參數(shù).8IV第3章機(jī)床主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).113.1主傳動(dòng)方案.113.2主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的確定.113.2.1計(jì)算主軸轉(zhuǎn)速.113.2.2計(jì)算主軸的變速范圍.123.3傳動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)速的確定.123.4變速箱的設(shè)計(jì).123.4.1選取變速箱公比.123.4.2計(jì)算變速箱的變速級(jí)數(shù).123.4.3分級(jí)變速箱轉(zhuǎn)速圖的繪制.133.5主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及校核.133.5.1帶傳動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).133.5.2軸上的齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及校核.153.5.3軸上齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).21第4章機(jī)床主軸部件設(shè)計(jì).234.1主軸組件的設(shè)計(jì).234.1.1對(duì)主軸組件的基本要求.234.1.2主軸參數(shù)的確定.244.1.3軸承的選擇及校核.254.1.4主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)校核.274.2傳動(dòng)軸的設(shè)計(jì).304.2.1傳動(dòng)軸應(yīng)滿足的要求.304.2.2傳動(dòng)軸的材料和構(gòu)造.304.2.3軸徑的確定和軸承的選擇.31第5章伺服進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).325.1伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求.325.1.1縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)方案.325.1.2橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)方案.325.2伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求.33V5.2.1穩(wěn)定性.335.2.2精度.335.2.3快速響應(yīng)性.335.3縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).335.3.1主要工作條件的確定.335.3.2傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).335.3.3滾珠絲杠的選擇.345.3.4絲杠支撐方式的選擇.355.3.5選擇伺服電動(dòng)機(jī).355.3.6伺服系統(tǒng)增益.365.3.7精度驗(yàn)算.375.4橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).395.4.1主要工作條件的確定.395.4.2傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).395.4.3滾珠絲杠的選擇.405.4.4絲杠支承方式的選擇.405.4.5選擇伺服電動(dòng)機(jī).415.4.6伺服系統(tǒng)增益.425.4.7精度驗(yàn)算.435.4.8同步齒形