閱讀理解（科普類）04九、How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone. The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection. The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (dont forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure youre brushing long enough. “Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor. The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Several says. Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market. Serval says that one day, itll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush. 56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush? A. It can sense how users brush their teeth. B. It can track users school performance. C. It can detect users fear of seeing a dentist. D. It can help users find their phones. 57. What can we learn from Servals words in Paragraph 3? A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist. B. You should see your dentist on a day-to day basis. C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist. D. Youd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day. 58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun? A. It can be used to update mobile phones. B. It can be used to play mobile phone games C. It can send messages to other users D. It can talk to its developers. 59. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary. C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush 60. What can we infer about Servals children? A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes. C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. 61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree? A. The brush handle will be removed. B. A mobile phone will be built into it. C. It will be used to fill holes in teeth D. It will be able to check users teeth 【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了一種新的發(fā)明：the Kolibree toothbrush;介紹了這種牙刷的特點及功能。以及這個發(fā)明的起因和具體的用法。56. 【答案】A 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段2,3行It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone可知這種牙刷可以感覺到牙刷的移動并向手機發(fā)射與此有關(guān)信息的信號。也就是說這種牙刷可以感覺到用戶如何刷牙。故A正確。57. 【答案】C 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段2,3行“Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”可知這種牙刷會讓你感覺到有一個牙醫(yī)在注意著你如何刷牙并指導(dǎo)你如何刷牙。故C正確。58【答案】.B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段2,3行developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,”可知還可以用這個來玩游戲，讓它具有娛樂性。故B正確。59. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段前3行Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.可知作為父親的他經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子不刷牙。所以他想找一個方法來監(jiān)督孩子刷牙，他才有了發(fā)明這樣的事物的想法。故本段是為了說明他有這樣的發(fā)明的原因，也就是：是什么鼓勵著他發(fā)明出The Kolibree toothbrush。故D正確。60. 【答案】A 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第五段2,3行He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.可知Serval問孩子們有沒有刷牙，孩子說“yes”，但是牙刷還是干的。什么嗎孩子沒有刷牙。是因為他們不喜歡刷牙，這是他們不喜歡做的事情。故A正確。61. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一句The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush. 可知牙刷上裝的相機甚至能夠檢查你的牙齒上的小洞。說明它可以檢查你的牙齒。故D項正確?！鹃L難句解析】1.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush.【翻譯】這種牙刷還可以和其他的手機應(yīng)用進行交流，那么開發(fā)者就可以創(chuàng)造一種由你的牙刷控制的游戲。【分析】本句中的so表示上下文之間的因果關(guān)系，是一個并列連詞。句中的for instance是一個插入語，過去分詞短語controlled by your toothbrush在句中充當(dāng)定語修飾前面的名詞a game，這主要是因為動詞control與game之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。2. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.【翻譯】他下班回家以后經(jīng)常會問他的孩子是否已經(jīng)刷牙了?！痉治觥勘揪渲械那閼B(tài)動詞would表示過去常常做某事，would表示過去常常做，現(xiàn)在可能還在做；而used to do sth表示過去常常做，現(xiàn)在不做了。另外句中的賓語從句if they had brushed their teeth中的if表示“是否”，而不是“如果”。十、With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警報) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule ofThis is opposed to the early bird schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birds - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.43. What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?A. Many students are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.44. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B. Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C. Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D. Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word classified?A. Criticised. B. Grouped. C. Organised. D. Named.46. What docs the text mainly talk about?A. Functions of the body clock. B. The night owl phenomenon.C. Human beings sleep behaviour. D. The school schedule of early birds.【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】本文屬于說明文中的科普類短文。很多學(xué)生在星期一上課時難以將他們的睡眠周期調(diào)整到正常為引子，解釋了“night owl”這一睡眠周期現(xiàn)象。43. 【答案】 C 【試題解析】推理題。文章開頭it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes;可知在星期一早上的課上只有20%的學(xué)生到位；在上課15分鐘后還有10%的學(xué)生還醒著，甚至有人還穿著睡衣，而最終歸結(jié)到第一段最后一句Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule?？芍獙W(xué)生還沒有調(diào)整好自己的睡眠模式。故C正確。44. 【答案】 D【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段2,3行the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents醒睡周期在青少年身上被推遲了；以及第三段話1,2行This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight可知，這種“night owl”現(xiàn)象是一種睡眠形式的紊亂，并不是好的睡眠周期。故D正確。45. 【答案】 B【試題解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)此句Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birds - the other 70 percent are in the middle.：調(diào)查結(jié)果表明大約20%的人可歸類為“貓頭鷹”型，只有10%的人可以歸為“早起”型。此處classify應(yīng)為“歸類，分類”等意思。把不同的人分為不同的類型。故B正確。46. 【答案】B 【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文通過星期一早晨學(xué)生很難從原來的睡眠模式里轉(zhuǎn)換調(diào)整來導(dǎo)入“night owl”這一睡眠周期現(xiàn)象。故B正確?！鹃L難句解析】With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first I5 minutes;【翻譯】安全了大約100個學(xué)生參加星期一9點的演講，一點也不令人驚訝的是幾乎有20個人能夠準(zhǔn)時到位，在開始15分鐘以后仍然有10個人還醒著【分析】本句中含有一個with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在語法功能上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+賓語+賓語補足語；賓語補足語可以是名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，或者過去分詞，也可以是不定式等。對賓語的情況進行補充說明。當(dāng)賓語補足語中的動詞與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系的時候，使用過去分詞的形式；當(dāng)二者構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系的時候，使用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。要特別要注意With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換使用。十一、Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status, said Professor Ryan.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations andour body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互動) such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryans recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（參與者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰劑).After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded: Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal.47. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo. B. Oxytocin.C. The gesture. D. The social status.48. What can we learn from Professor Ryans previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others success.D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences.49. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.C. To know peoples different abilities to answer questions.D. To test peoples understanding of body language.50. The author develops the text by_.A. explaining peoples behaviors B. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differences D. discussing research experiments【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】文章講述了Professor Ryan調(diào)查實驗，實驗告訴我們荷爾蒙催生素能提高人們辨認(rèn)不同的社會交往的能力；男女之間行為的差異是由主要是荷爾蒙的生物因素所引起的。47. 【答案】 B 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段1,2行Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷爾蒙催生素)可知，男女之間行為表現(xiàn)的不同是由于荷爾蒙催生素水平的不一樣導(dǎo)致的。故B正確。48