微信掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研（qh_kaoyan）2016考研資料分享群：248600511第四章 基本句型及其擴(kuò)展 第一節(jié) 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型一般說來，英語句子的核心成分是主語和謂語，特別是謂語。構(gòu)成主語的名詞(詞組)在結(jié)構(gòu)上相對(duì)單一，我們已經(jīng)在第一章里面談到了名詞短語的運(yùn)用問題，這是理解句子主語的重要方法。構(gòu)成謂語的動(dòng)詞詞組在結(jié)構(gòu)上相對(duì)復(fù)雜些，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞可以獨(dú)立做謂語，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞必須帶賓語或補(bǔ)語。謂語動(dòng)詞的類別決定著不同的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，而不同的謂語動(dòng)詞又決定著不同的句型。英語中的簡(jiǎn)單句可以通過增加修飾語等手段來使句子擴(kuò)大，這些修飾語包括名詞修飾語和動(dòng)詞修飾語，可以分別由名詞詞組、形容詞詞組和副詞詞組來擔(dān)任，也可以由介詞詞組和非限定動(dòng)詞短語來擔(dān)任。英語簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型有以下7種情況。一主+謂(包括被動(dòng)句)1. All the folks in the lobby were deeply moved. 大廳里所有的人都深深地感動(dòng)了。2. Certain other forms of politeness should be observed as well. 某些其它形式的禮貌也應(yīng)該要遵守。3. The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is well documented. 大量文獻(xiàn)證明，就業(yè)中存在著種族和性別歧視。二主+謂+賓 4. All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. 所有的父母親必須解決自由和紀(jì)律的問題。5. Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career. 大家都?jí)粝胫谑聵I(yè)上獲得成功。6. Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents capabilities. 早期的家庭教育很自然地受到該社會(huì)文化模式和父母親能力的影響。三主+系+表 7. You are/look/seem so pretty. 你看上去如此漂亮。8. Only in that way can competition become a sensible and positive way. 只有這樣，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)才能成為一種合理的、積極的方式。9. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. 一天禁止一件事，第二天又原諒了不是道德的基礎(chǔ)。四主+謂+狀10. We should confront hardships fearlessly and strive to overcome them. 我們應(yīng)該勇敢地面對(duì)困境并努力去克服它們。11. I tried with all my might to will him to say no. 我竭盡全力來說服他說不。12. Nowadays the period of childhood tends to be extended longer, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development. 現(xiàn)在兒童時(shí)期可能會(huì)持續(xù)得更長(zhǎng)些，導(dǎo)致受教育的機(jī)會(huì)更多和個(gè)性發(fā)展更多樣化。五主+謂+間賓+直賓 13. Computers offer consumers many conveniences. 電腦提供給消費(fèi)者許多方便。14. Credit cards give their owners automatic credit on stores, restaurants, and hotels, across the country, and even abroad. 信用卡讓持卡人可以在商店、飯店、賓館、全國各地甚至國外賒購貨物。六主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 15. Some students hold it highly necessary to take a rational attitude towards Internet. 有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)采取一個(gè)理性的態(tài)度是非常必要的。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))16. We consider it a good opportunity to study abroad. (名詞作賓補(bǔ)) 我們認(rèn)為出國留學(xué)是個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。七主+謂+賓+同位語 17. Some women are normally inactive but all of a sudden start a program of intense training, an action which violates the laws of sports science. 有些女性經(jīng)常不活躍，但突然開始一個(gè)高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目，這是一項(xiàng)違反了體育科學(xué)規(guī)律的行動(dòng)。因此，我們?cè)诜治鼍渥拥臅r(shí)候，應(yīng)先抓住句子的主干，即主謂賓部分，就能理解句子的主要意思。然后再去分析其它的修飾成分，這些修飾成分包括定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語，以及插入語等。18. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】全句是個(gè)被動(dòng)句，over the years是個(gè)介詞短語，表示“多年來”的意思，主語是tools and technology，后面接了個(gè)介詞短語as a source of fundamental innovation做其后置定語，謂語部分是have largely（在很大程度上）been ignored by，后面是介詞b