.,1,在閱讀中我們常常會遇到生詞或雖是熟詞但用原來學過的意思去理解卻不通，這時就需要根據上下文，也就是語境，去理解，有的也可以根據構詞法去理解。高考閱讀理解題中也常常要求考生推測詞義。這里著重談談根據語境理解時的幾條具體線索。,詞義推測的六條線索,.,2,1.根據轉折對比關系根據上下句之間表示轉折或對比關系的連接性詞語來推測詞義。如表示轉折的詞有but,however,otherwise,or,though等,表示對比關系的標志性詞語有unlike,while,ontheotherhand,inspiteof,incontrast等；另外,分號也可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。,.,3,例1Timeissomethingfromwhichwecantescape.Evenifweignoreit,itsstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Whosincharge?”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.,.,4,Theunderlinedword“ally”mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis_.A.yourslaveandservesyouB.yoursupporterandhelpsyouB.underyourcontrolandobeysyouD.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou解析：B本句由or引出，與前句意義相對，要求猜的ally顯然與前句的enemy相對，即為“朋友”，朋友是支持和幫助我們的，故選B。,.,5,2.根據因果關系就是根據前后的因果關系來推斷其中的某個生詞或短語的意思?？赡苁怯杀硎驹虻木湟馔瞥霰硎窘Y果的句子中的某個生詞或短語的意思,即由因推果法；也可能是由表示結果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某個詞或短語的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果關系的有because,sothat,so/such.that.等。,.,6,例2Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.,.,7,Whatdotheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?A.Keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds.B.Takeawayeverythingyoubringin.C.Carryallthenecessaryfood.D.Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.,解析：B句中so引出結果,由果推因,“不要留下任何參觀的痕跡”,因此“要把帶來的所有東西都帶走”,故選B。,.,8,3.根據解釋或修飾語根據后面的括號中、破折號后面、引號中的內容,或者后面的定語從句，以及namely和thatis等后面的解釋性內容推測生詞或短語的意思。,例3TheschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoffeventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.,.,9,Theunderlinedword“reluctant”mayprobablymean_.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless解析：B根據破折號后面的解釋“即使是有英格蘭和阿根廷比賽門票的老師也很難擠出一天的時間”，可見學校是“不愿意”放假的,故選B。,.,10,4.根據同義關系根據生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的意思來推測它的意思。有時有and或or等，我們可以根據前后兩項或多項并列的內容在含義上是接近的或遞進的關系，來確定同等或同類關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思。,.,11,例4Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheirtestscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respectisputinthenumber.Studentswhoperformpoorlyontheexamareleftfeelingthatitisallover.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.Andwithoutadegreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoflifesdoorswillremainforeverclosed.,.,12,“aprestigiousuniversity”ismostprobably_.A.afamousuniversityB.atechnicaluniversityC.atraditionaluniversityD.anexpensiveuniversity解析:A根據上句可知，此句中的prestigiousuniversity就是上句中的goodcollege，也就是prestigious與good或famous同義，故選A。,.,13,5.根據語境關聯就是由上下文語境的描述猜測出某個詞語的意思。例5(2013廣東)WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitor(監(jiān)控器)afewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.,.,14,UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifersLosAngelesapartment,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroomInthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.,.,15,A.advancedtechniqueB.sharpeningtoolC.effectiveruleD.dividingline解析：A第一段總述Jennifer在家中考試，有監(jiān)控器監(jiān)視她的每一個動作；第二段具體描述監(jiān)控器如何監(jiān)視她；第三段開頭，thisisthecuttingedge，句中this指代什么？就是指上文描述的為了防止網絡教育中考試作弊所采用amonitor進行監(jiān)控的先進技術，故選A。,Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”isclosestinmeaningto_.,.,16,6.綜合運用多種方法除上述方法外,還可以根據并列關系、同類關系、比喻關系、定義關系、所舉實例、構詞法和生活常識等多種方法推測生詞的意義，有時需要綜合運用多種方法，才可推測其意義。例6Thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast,andtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.,.,17,Theunderlinedword“fixture”probablyreferstosomethin