8BUnit1PastandPresent,Grammar(B),Learningaims,1.能夠在語境中正確運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。3.理解并運(yùn)用常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。,Didit.?,Hasit.?,Didthey.?,Havethey.?,Didthey.?,Havethey.?,Didhe.?,Hashe.?,Didshe.?,Hasshe.?,GuessingGame,Hasit.?,Didit.?,她以前曾去過上海。,ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.,他在上海10年了。,ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears,他去上海了。,HehasgonetoShanghai.,他已學(xué)英語五年了。,HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.,Haveatry!,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用，如:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,forthelastfewweeks等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.還可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)(到說話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如:now,today,thismorning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),thesedays,since,foralongtime等.,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,一.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。,上一頁,下一頁,Someonehasjustturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了。),Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。),二.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情可能仍在繼續(xù)。,上一頁,下一頁,IwanttoseehowmuchtheplacehaschangedsinceIsawitlast.我想看看從上次見到那地方以來它發(fā)生了多大變化。,IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,三.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?(你曾去過頤和園嗎?),Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型Thisisthefirsttime，Itsthefirsttime連用。,上一頁,下一頁,Thisisthefirsttimehehasdrivenacar.這是他第一次開車。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級(jí)連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。,上一頁,下一頁,Whataboringfilm！一部多么令人厭煩的電影??！,ItsthemostboringfilmIveeverseen.這是我看過的最令人厭煩的電影。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)檢查,1.He_（write）thesentenceyet.2._you_(修理)yourbikeyet?3.Computers_(come)intouse_(近來).4._you_(看展覽)recently?No.IsitaboutchangesinBeijingoverthepast_(世紀(jì))?5.He_(忘記標(biāo)題),hasnthe?,上一頁,下一頁,haswritten,Have,repaired,havecome,recently,Have,seenanyexhibitions,century,hasforgottenthetitle,一、since短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.（1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）Heslearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.（他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。）,上一頁,下一頁,二、for短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，for的賓語為時(shí)間段。1.Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.（我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。）2.Ihaventseenherforalongtime.（我好久沒有見到她了。）,上一頁,下一頁,選用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,for后面應(yīng)該接“段時(shí)間”；since后面應(yīng)該接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或者“句子”。,關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：1sincefor主句都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性.2since引導(dǎo)的從句通常采用“一般過去時(shí)”,conclusion,just,recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，justnow有amomentago之意，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Thetrainhasjustarrived.（火車剛到。）DidyouseeJoanjustnow?（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?（你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）,上一頁,下一頁,1.I_(lose)mypenjustnow.I_just_(lose)mypen.（我剛才丟了鋼筆）2.She_just_(buy)abook.She_(buy)abookjustnow.（她剛才買了本書）,上一頁,下一頁,lost,have,lost,has,bought,bought,七、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見于疑問句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來沒有”，表示全部否定?！癏aveyoueverseenthefilm?”“No.Ihaveneverseenit.”（“你曾經(jīng)看過這部影片嗎？”“沒有，從來沒看過?！保㎞obodyinourclasshaseverbeenthere.（我們班沒有人去過那。）,上一頁,下一頁,八、already和yet常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有“已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問句中。yet在否定句中有“還”之意?！癏asthebusleftyet”?“Yes.Ithasalreadyleft.”“No.Ithasntleftyet.“汽車開走了嗎？”“是的，已經(jīng)開走了?！薄安唬€沒有開走?！?上一頁,下一頁,“already”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,“yet”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問句中.用“already”“yet”填空Hehas()visitedmanyplacesinChina.()注意already在句中的兩種位置.Thetrainhasntarrived.火車（到現(xiàn)在）還沒有到。Hasshearrived?她已經(jīng)到了嗎？Hasnthecome?她還沒來嗎？,already,already,yet,yet,yet,Completetheirconversationusingthepresentperfecttenseoftheverbsinbracketswiththecorrecttimeexpressions.Simon:Haveyou_(travel)byplane?Daniel:No,I_(nottravel)byplane_,butIllflytoSanyathissummer.MyparentsandIwillstaythereforawholeweektoenjoythesunandthebeach.Simon:Imsureyoullenjoythetrip.Bytheway,didyouknowthatmyfamily_(own)aboat_1920?,evertravelled,haventtravelled,yet,hasowned,since,Daniel:Icantbelieveyourfamily_(own)aboat_over80years!Simon:Infact,you_(see)itinthesittingroom.Daniel:Oh,yes,butthatsnotarealboat.Itsonlyamodel!Simon:Iknow,butitlookslikearealone.Itsjustsmaller.Daniel:ImustsaythatitsthebestmodelI_(see).Simon:Thankyou,Daniel.,hasowned,for,havealreadyseen,haveeverseen,inthepastfewyears意思是“過去幾年來”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；inthepast意思是“在過去”，常作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.（過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）Wheredidyouworkinthepast?（你過去在哪里工作？）,上一頁,下一頁,before泛指“以前”時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；ago表示“現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前”，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。IveneverbeentoJapanbefore.（我以前沒去過日本。）ShewenttoJapanayearago.（她一年前去了日本。）,上一頁,下一頁,evensince、then與fromthenon(afterthat)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，后者常用作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Sheslivedhereeversincethen.（打那以后，她一直住在這。）IdidnthearofJimfromthenon/afterthat.（打那以后，我就沒有吉姆的消息。）,上一頁,下一頁,動(dòng)詞填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.Mrchen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一頁,上一頁,interview采訪,you,yourpartner