8-BitMicrocontrollerwith8KBytesFlashAT89C521.DescriptionTheAT89C52isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith8KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory(PEROM).ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmelshighdensitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustrystandard80C51and80C52instructionsetandpinout.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theAtmelAT89C52isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighlyflexibleandcosteffectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.2.FeaturesCompatiblewithMCS-51Products8KBytesofIn-SystemReprogrammableFlashMemoryEndurance:1,000Write/EraseCyclesFullyStaticOperation:0Hzto24MHzThree-LevelProgramMemoryLock256x8-BitInternalRAM32ProgrammableI/OLinesThree16-BitTimer/CountersEightInterruptSourcesProgrammableSerialChannelLowPowerIdleandPowerDownModesTheAT89C52providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:8KbytesofFlash,256bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,three16-bittimer/counters,asix-vectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillator,andclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C52isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialport,andinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePowerDownModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillator,disablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.3.PinDescriptionVCCSupplyvoltage.GNDGround.Port0Port0isan8-bitopendrainbidirectionalI/Oport.Asanoutputport,eachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.Port0canalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/databusduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.Inthismode,P0hasinternalpullups.Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogrammingandoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.Port1Port1isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pins,theyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Inaddition,P1.0andP1.1canbeconfiguredtobethetimer/counter2externalcountinput(P1.0/T2)andthetimer/counter2triggerinput(P1.1/T2EX),respectively,asshowninthefollowingtable.Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.Port2Port2isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pins,theyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse16-bitaddresses(MOVXDPTR).Inthisapplication,Port2usesstronginternalpull-upswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse8-bitaddresses(MOVXRI),Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.Port3Port3isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort3pins,theyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port3pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseofthepullups.Port3alsoservesthefunctionsofvariousspecialfeaturesoftheAT89C51,asshowninthefollowingtable.Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification.RSTResetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice.ALE/PROGAddressLatchEnableisanoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbyteoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput(PROG)duringFlashprogramming.Innormaloperation,ALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequencyandmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEPortPinAlternateFunctionsP1.0T2(externalcountinputtoTimer/Counter2),clock-outP1.1T2EX(Timer/Counter2capture/reloadtriggeranddirectioncontrol)PortPinAlternateFunctionsP3.0RXD(serialinputport)P3.1TXD(serialoutputport)P3.2INT0(externalinterrupt0)P3.3INT1(externalinterrupt1)P3.4T0(timer0externalinput)P3.5T1(timer1externalinput)P3.6WR(externaldatamemorywritestrobe)P3.7RD(externaldatamemoryreadstrobe)pulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFRlocation8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicrocontrollerisinexternalexecutionmode.PSENProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogrammemory.WhentheAT89C52isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,PS