譯文用于連鎖酒店預(yù)訂管理信息系統(tǒng)需求分析的UML方法摘要本文介紹了在開(kāi)發(fā)酒店預(yù)訂管理系統(tǒng)時(shí)，用于需求分析階段的UML方法的實(shí)施過(guò)程。UML用例和VISIO2003是用來(lái)分析和實(shí)現(xiàn)的工具。通過(guò)采用圖形化的方法，包括用例視圖、交互視圖、序列視圖、狀態(tài)視圖，能夠把原始的用戶(hù)們多種多樣的需求整理好，并且有效和詳細(xì)地闡述出來(lái)。因此，這些結(jié)果為系統(tǒng)的后續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)和實(shí)施提供有效的基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞組件，設(shè)計(jì)，UML，連鎖酒店管理系統(tǒng)，需求分析，用例，試圖。1引言傳統(tǒng)的需求分析，重點(diǎn)放在系統(tǒng)和功能的闡述分析。它是專(zhuān)注于單個(gè)模塊功能的過(guò)程。它使得系統(tǒng)分析很容易被復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)功能弄得混亂，而且還缺少對(duì)整體框架的認(rèn)識(shí)，即系統(tǒng)和需求視圖的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。所有的這些缺陷造成了所設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)缺少一個(gè)清楚的架構(gòu)，而且還降低了系統(tǒng)的靈活性和擴(kuò)展性。隨著面向?qū)ο蟮姆治雠c設(shè)計(jì)（OOAONTHECONTRARY,WHENTHERECEPTIONISTRECEIVESACALLFROMACUSTOMER,HEMUSTCHECKINTHEROOMSTATEMAP,CONDUCTINGTHEINFORMATIONREGISTRATIONOFTHECALLINGCUSTOMERTOFULFILLTHEPHONERESERVATIONTHEUSECASEDIAGRAMOF“RESERVATIONMANAGEMENT”ISPICTUREDASFIGURE2FIG2INTENDEDUSECASEDIAGRAMAFTERTHECUSTOMERLOGSINTHEINTERFACEOFRESERVATION,IFHEISTHEMEMBEROFTHEHOTELWOULDBEASKEDTOINPUTTHEMEMBERNUMBERANDPASSWORD,THENTHESYSTEMWILLPROVIDEHISINFORMATIONIMMEDIATELYTHESELECTREGIONANDTIMEARETHETWONECESSARYUSECASESTOENSURETHEFOLLOWINGRESERVATIONOPERATIONNAMELY,THEONLINERESERVATIONINCLUDESSELECTREGION,SELECTTIMEANDMEMBERREGISTRATIONUSECASE,ANDMAKEUSEOFTHEUSECASEOFROOMINQUIRYTOCHECKTHEFUNCTIONFIG3INTENDEDUSECASEDIAGRAM32EXTENSIVEREFERRINGUSECASEINTERACTIONVIEWACOLLABORATIONDIAGRAMSHOWSTHEOBJECTSANDRELATIONSHIPSINVOLVEDINANINTERACTIONFIG4SCHEDULEDINTERACTIVEDIAGRAM33EXTENSIVEREFERRINGUSECASEACTIVEVIEWACTIVEDIAGRAMISTHECONTROLFLOWTHATDESCRIBESARANGEOFACTIVITIESOFSYSTEMANDBUSINESS,WHICHDEMONSTRATESTHEWHOLEPROCESSTHATTRANSFERSONEACTIVITYTOANOTHERACTIVEDIAGRAMISASPECIALSTATEMACHINE,WHICHCONTAINSMOSTPARTSOFACTIVESTATE,MOSTTRANSFORMATIONARETRIGGEREDBYTHECOMPLETIONOFTHEORIGINALSTATEACTIVITYTHEELEMENTSOFTHEACTIVEDIAGRAMCONSISTOFOPERATINGSTATE,ACTIVESTATE,TRANSFORMATION,BRANCH,FORK,CONNECTION,ANDTRACKANDOBJECTFLOWOPERATINGSTATEINDICATESEXECUTABLEANDINSEPARABLEACTIONEXECUTIONFOREXAMPLE,TOCALCULATEASSIGNMENTOFATTRIBUTION,INVOKEANOBJECT,SENDASIGNALTOTHEOBJECT,ORBUILDANDDAMAGEANOBJECT,ANDSOONWHILEACTIVESTATEISOPPOSITETOTHEACTIVESTATE,ITCANBEDECOMPOSEDOPERATINGSTATEISANEXCEPTIONFROMTHEACTIVESTATEFORITCANTBEDECOMPOSEDFURTHERMOREACTIVEDIAGRAMPROVIDESTHEDESCRIPTIONOFSYSTEMAFTERTHEUSECASEDIAGRAM,TOEXPLAINMOREABOUTTHEEXECUTIONPROCESSOFSYSTEM,ANDHOWTOCHANGETHEDIRECTIONOFEXECUTIONINVARIOUSSITUATIONSTHEREFORE,ACTIVEDIAGRAMISUSEDTOBUILDWORKCONTROLFLOWFORTHEUSECASEMODEL,TOELABORATETHEUSECASEMODELFIG5SCHEDULEDACTIVITYDIAGRAM34EXTENSIVEREFERRINGUSECASESEQUENCEVIEWSEQUENCEDIAGRAMMODELSUSEADOPTEDLOGICALPROPOSAL,THEADOPTEDPROPOSALCANBEAPARTOFUSECASECANBETHEOPTIONALPROCESSCANBETHEWHOLEUSECASEPROCESSITALSOCANBETHELOGICINVOLVINGINSEVERALUSECASESSEQUENCEDIAGRAMBELONGSTOSOMEINTERACTIONAMONGBEHAVIORALCLASSIFIERCLASSIFIERISCOLLABORATIONONECOLLABORATIONCANINVOLVESEVERALINTERACTIONSHOWEVER,ONEINTERACTIONCANONLYINVOLVEONESEQUENCEDIAGRAMTHISISTHERESERVATIONSEQUENCEDIAGRAMOFTHECHAINHOTELRESERVATIONMANAGEMENTFIG6SCHEDULEDSEQUENCEDIAGRAM4FEATUREREQUIREMENTINORDERTOENSURETHELASTING,SAFE,STABLE,RELIABLEANDEFFECTIVEOPERATION,“CHAINHOTELMANAGEMENTSYSTEM”SHOULDMEETTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTSOFFEATUREREQUIREMENT41DATADEFINITIONSYSTEMOFDATAPROCESSINGACCURACYANDPRECISIONREQUIREMENTSSHALLBESATISFIEDASFOLLOWSAASTHEINPUTGENERATEDBYTHESYSTEMMUSTMEET18BREQUIREDITEMMUSTHAVESIGNS,ANDEMAILADDRESSWHICHINPUTMUSTCONFORMTOTHEFORMOFEMAILADDRESSCINTEGERNUMBERSHOULDBERETAINEDONTHEUNITSDTHEREALDATADONOTSPECIALREQUIREMENTGENERALLYRETAINEDAFTERTHEDECIMALPOINTTWO42CHARACTERISTICSOFTHETIMEANDADAPTABILITYSYSTEMPROCESSINGACCURACYANDTIMELINESSISTHESYSTEMPERFORMANCENECESSARYINTHESYSTEMDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,MUSTFULLYCONSIDERWHATWILLTHESYSTEMBEEXPOSEDTOCURRENTANDFUTUREWORKLOAD,THESYSTEMSPROCESSINGPOWERANDRESPONSETIMETOMEETTHENEEDSOFUSERSOFINFORMATIONPROCESSING“CHAINHOTELMANAGEMENTSYSTEM“INTHEDAILYTREATMENTRESPONSERATEOF1SECONDGRADE,SOITCANBETIMELYFEEDBACKDURINGTHETIMEOFSTATISTICALANDANALYSISANDQUERY,ACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTAMOUNTOFDATAREQUIRED,THEDIFFERENTOFSECONDGRADETOTHEMINUTELEVELPRINCIPLEISTOENSURETHATOPERATORSWILLNOTAFFECTTHESPEEDOFEFFICIENCYINTHEPROCESSOFDEVELOPING“CHAINHOTELMANAGEMENTSYSTEM”,EXPANDABILITYSHOULDBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONFOREXAMPLE,WITHTHECHANGEINTHEWAYOFMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,USERSDEMANDFORINQUIRYWILLALSOBECONTINUOUSLYUPDATEDANDCOMPLETEDALLOFTHESEREQUESTTHESYSTEMTOPROVIDESUFFICIENTWAYSINADJUSTINGANDEXPANDINGTHEFUNCTION4THISSHOULDBEREALIZEDTHROUGHTHEOPENNESSOFTHESYSTEMTHATIS,SYSTEMSHOULDBEOPENASWELLASBEABLETOINCREASEANDDECREASESYSTEMMODULESIMPLYANDDEPLOYSYSTEMHARDWAREONTHEPREMISEOFCOMPLYINGWITHCERTAINSTANDARDTHROUGHFIXINGANDREPLACINGTHESOFTWARE,THEPROMOTIONANDUPDATEOFSYSTEMISCOMPLETEDTHESYSTEMASSURESITSEASINESSINAPPLICATIONANDMAINTENANCETHEUSERS“CHAINHOTELMANAGEMENTSYSTEM”DIRECTLYDEALSWITHARENOTCOMPUTERPROFESSIONALS,WHICHCALLSFORTHESYSTEMTOPROVIDEFAVORABLECUSTOMERINTERFACEANDFRIENDLYHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONINTERFACETOREALIZETHIS,ITREQUIRESTHESYSTEMTOUSETECHNICALTERMSTHATAREFAMILIARTOUSERSANDINTERFACEOFCHINESEINFORMATIONASMUCHASPOSSIBLETOAIMATPOSSIBLEHANDLINGPROBLEMSUSERSMAYCOMEACROSS,SUFFICIENTONLINEHELPSHOULDBEPROVIDED,SHORTENINGTHEPROCESSOFTHEUSERSFAMILIARIZATIONWITHTHESYSTEM5FIG7SCHEDULEDACTIVITYDIAGRAMALOGINSCREENWHENSTARTUPPROGRAM,THELOGINSCREENWILLBESHOWN,ITISUSEDFORUSERLOGINBTRAYICONTHEPROGRAMSTARTSONLYINTHEWINDOWSTRAYICONTODISPLAYAPROGRAMCTHEMAININTERFACETHEMAJORCHAINHOTELMANAGEMENTSYSTEMUSERINTERFACEDBOOKINGMANAGEMENTINTERFACE,HOTELMANAGEMENTINTERFACE,PAYMENTMANAGEMENTINTERFACE,CUSTOMERMANAGEMENTINTERFACECLICKTOACCESSALLTHEINTERFACESWERE5OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS51USERINTERFACESPREADINGBETWEENDIFFERENTINTERFACESCANALSOBEEXPRESSEDINUMLMODELS,BUTINTHEUMLSPECIFICATIONANDGRAPHICALREPRESENTATIONDONOTHAVESPECIFICDIAGRAMTOEXPRESS,ANDCANBEREPRESENTEDBYSTATEDIAGRAMREFERENCESSYSTEMREQUIREMENTSANALYSISUSINGUSECASEDIAGRAMS,SEQUENCEDIAGRAMS,INTERACTIONDIAGRAMS,ACTIVITYDIAGRAMSTODESCRIBEITTHROUGHTHEUSECASEDIAGRAMANDACTIVITYDIAGRAMCANNEATLYANALYZEBUSINESSREQUIREMENT,SOTHATUSERSANDDEVELOPERSCANQUICKLYGRASPTHEMAINFEATURESOFTHESYSTEMFORSYSTEMDEVELOPMENTREUNIFICATIONOFUMLMODELINGLANGUAGEISACOMMONLANGUAGEFORMODELALSOITPROVIDESYSTEMSANALYSISPROVIDESACOMMONSYMBOLSYSTEMTHATCANMEETANUMBEROFSOFTWAREATTHESAMETIME,UMLMODELINGCAPABILITIESPROVIDEALLTHEPROCESS