從經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位到支持與儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)_基于數(shù)字解剖學(xué)研究提出人體第十大功能系統(tǒng)假說_英文__cropped_第1頁
從經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位到支持與儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)_基于數(shù)字解剖學(xué)研究提出人體第十大功能系統(tǒng)假說_英文__cropped_第2頁
從經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位到支持與儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)_基于數(shù)字解剖學(xué)研究提出人體第十大功能系統(tǒng)假說_英文__cropped_第3頁
從經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位到支持與儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)_基于數(shù)字解剖學(xué)研究提出人體第十大功能系統(tǒng)假說_英文__cropped_第4頁
從經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位到支持與儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)_基于數(shù)字解剖學(xué)研究提出人體第十大功能系統(tǒng)假說_英文__cropped_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩2頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)JSOUTHMEDUNIV5732007275FROMMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSTOSELFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLSYSTEMAHYPOTHESISOFTHE10THFUNCTIONALSYSTEMBASEDONANATOMICALSTUDIESOFDIGITIZEDVIRTUALHUMANWANGJUN1,DONGWEIREN2,WANGCHUNLEI1,YAODAWEI3,ZHAOBINGLEI2,SHENBAOLIN1,YANGLINLIN1,YUANLIN11DEPARTMENTOFANATOMY,2DEPARTMENTOFEMBRYOLOGYANDHISTOLOGY,SOUTHERNMEDICALUNIVERSITY,GUANGZHOU510515,CHINA3DEPARTMENTOFANATOMY,CHINESEUNIVERSITYOFHONGKONG,HONGKONGABSTRACTCHINESEACUPUNCTUREANDMOXIBUSTIONHASBEENWIDELYACCEPTEDASAUSEFULTHERAPEUTICSALLOVERTHEWORLD,BUTITSMECHANISMHASNOTBEENFULLYDEFINEDFORTHISPURPOSE,ARETICULARFRAMEWORKOFWHOLEBODYFASCIAANDCONNECTIVETISSUESHASBEENESTABLISHEDBYMEANSOFDIGITIZEDVIRTUALHUMANTECHNIQUETHEVIRTUALACUPOINTSREPRESENTEDTHREEDIMENSIONALLYWERECOMPAREDWITHTHESITESFORSTIMULATIONINPRACTICEOFTRADITIONALCHINESEMEDICINETCMACUPUNCTURETHERAPYTHERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEFASCIALNETWORKCONSTITUTEDBYTHECONNECTIVETISSUESMAYBETHEANATOMICALBASISFORACUPUNCTURETHERAPYWEFOUNDTHATTHEACUPOINTSWEREMAINLYLOCATEDWHERETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUESWEREPRESENTINTHISFASCIALNETWORK,SENSITIVENERVEENDINGS,ACTIVECELLSANDLYMPHATICVESSELSABOUNDEDINTHESITESWITHTHICKCONNECTIVETISSUE,ANDNEEDLINGATTHESESITESINDUCEDDEFINITEBIOLOGICALEFFECTSINLIGHTOFBIOLOGICALPHYLOGENYANDEMBRYODEVELOPMENT,WEBELIEVETHATTHECONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKMAYCONSTITUTEANEWFUNCTIONALSYSTEMINTHEHUMANBODY,THESELFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLSYSTEMFASCIOLOGY,WHICHPROVIDESATHEORETICALBASEFORACUPUNCTURETHERAPYKEYWORDSDIGITIZEDVIRTUALHUMAN/ANATOMYCONNECTIVETISSUESELFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLSYSTEMFASCIOLOGY/MECHANISMTHEMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSARETHEFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSINACUPUNCTURETHERAPYINTRADITIONALCHINESEMEDICINETCM,ANDHAVEBEENSTUDIEDWIDELYFORSEVERALDECADES13THESEACUPOINTSARELINKEDTOGETHERINANETWORKOF“MERIDIANS”RUNNINGLONGITUDINALLYALONGTHEBODYCHENG4FOUNDTHATDISRUPTIONOFTHEMERIDIANCHANNELNETWORKWASASSOCIATEDWITHDISEASECONDITIONS,ANDNEEDLINGATTHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSMAYINSOMEWAYMODULATETHEFUNCTIONALSTATEOFTHISSYSTEMATTACHMENTS79ANDVARIOUSTYPESOFSENSORYNERVEENDINGS10HAVEBEENDESCRIBEDATTHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSATTEMPTSWEREALSOMADETOIDENTIFYTHEPHYSIOLOGICALDIFFERENCESSUCHASSKINCONDUCTANCE,PRESSURE,MOISTUREANDSKINABRASIONBETWEENTHEACUPOINTSANDTHESURROUNDINGTISSUES11,BUTTHESEEFFORTSSELDOMYIELDSOLIDCONCLUSIONSWITHREGARDTOTHEANATOMICALAND/ORPHYSIOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSINFACT,ANCIENTDOCUMENTSOFACUPUNCTUREHAVEALREADYMADESEVERALREFERENCESTO“FAT,GREASYMEMBRANES,FASCIAEANDSYSTEMSOFCONNECTINGMEMBRANES”12,WHICHECHOEDTHESUGGESTIONBYAFEWSCHOLARSINRECENTYEARSTHATAPROBABLECORRESPONDENCEMIGHTEXISTBETWEENTHEHOWEVER,THEACUPUNCTUREMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSHAVENOTBEENSHOWNTOHAVEPHYSIOLOGICALEQUIVALENTSINCURRENTUNDERSTANDINGOFMODERNMEDICALSCIENCE5UNIQUETERMS,SUCHASINTERCELLULARCOMMUNICATION,CELLMOVEMENTANDMIGRATION,ANDENERGYTRANSFORMATIONANDEXCHANGE,ANDSOON,AREUSEDINTHEACUPUNCTUREDOCUMENTATIONSTODESCRIBESUCHDYNAMICPROCESSESINTHEMEANTIME,SEVERALRESEARCHERSHAVEFOUNDDISTINCTHISTOLOGICALFEATURESTHATMIGHTDIFFERENTIATETHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSFROMTHEIRSURROUNDINGTISSUES,ANDSUCHSTRUCTURESASTHENEUROVASCULARBUNDLES6,NEUROMUSCULARACUPUNCTUREMERIDIANSANDCONNECTIVETISSUES13TOSUPPORTTHISHYPOTHESIS,HELENEETALPROVIDEDEXPERIMENTALEVIDENCEBYCHARACTERIZINGACONNECTIVETISSUERESPONSETOACUPUNCTURENEEDLINGTHATWASQUANTITATIVELYDIFFERENTATTHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSFROMTHATATTHECONTROLPOINTSTHISMIGHTGIVEIMPORTANTCLUESTOTHENATUREOFTHEACUPUNCTUREPOINTSANDMERIDIANS14HOWEVER,IFTHECONNECTIVETISSUESAREINDEEDTHEVERYANATOMICALBASISOFMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTS,WHATISTHENTHEPHYSIOLOGICALBASISOFTHEM,ANDWHATFUNCTIONWILLCONNECTIVETISSUESPLAYINTHEACUPUNCTURETHERAPYCANWEUSEDIGITALTECHNOLOGYTORECONSTRUCTTHERECEIVED20061220SUPPORTEDBYHITECHDEVELOPMENTPROGRAMOFCHINA2001AA231031,2002AA231021ANDKEYSCITECHRESEARCHPROJECTOFGUANGDONGPROVINCE2002B30611WANGJUN1970,PHD,SPECIALIZEDINDIGITALANATOMYRESEARCH,TEL02062842308,EMAILWHMZYQFIMMUCOMCORRESPONDINGAUTHORYUANLIN,TEL02061648637,FAX“CONNECTIVELINESANDPOINTS”,WHICHAREIDENTICALTOTHETHESEQUESTIONS,WECONSTRUCTEDAVIRTUALMODELOFTHEHUMANCONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKBYEXPLOITINGTHEPREVIOUSLYESTABLISHEDDIGITIZEDVIRTUALCHINESEMALERECONSTRUCTIONOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKMODELTHEIMAGESOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUESFROMTHEDIGITIZEDVIRTUALCHINESEMALEDATASETWERESEPARATEDFROMTHOSEOFOTHERTISSUESFORTHREEDIMENSIONALRECONSTRUCTIONOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKMODELOFHUMANBODYRECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEEXTREMITIESANDTHETRUNKWITHLABELEDTHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEONEHUNDREDIMAGESOFTHETRUNKWITH4MMSPACING,100OFTHEUPPEREXTREMITYAND100OFTHELOWEREXTREMITYWITH5MMSPACING,ALLINTAGGEDIMAGEDATABASEBYLABELINGTHEPOINTSOFTHICKCONNECTIVETISSUES,WERECONSTRUCTEDTHREEDIMENSIONALIMAGESOFTHESEPOINTS,WHICHWERETHENCOMPAREDWITHTHEACUPOINTSANDMERIDIANSUSEDINTRADITIONALACUPUNCTURETHERAPYINLIGHTOFDEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY,WEKNOWTHATINMULTICELLULARORGANISMS,MESENCHYMEISDERIVEDFROMJELLYLIKEEXTRACELLULARFLUIDECFANDFURTHERDIFFERENTIATESINTOMANYCELLTYPES,TISSUES,EVENORGANSINHIGHERCREATURESLIKEHUMANBEINGS,MESENCHYMEGIVESRISETOALLTHEFASCIALTISSUETHROUGHOUTTHEBODYTHEFASCIAEFORMAFRAMEWORKOFCONNECTIVETISSUESTOSUPPORTTHEGROWTHOFCELLSOFALLFUNCTIONALORGANSEXCEPTFORTHECENTRALNERVESYSTEM,ANDTHEREFORETHISFRAMEWORKCANBEREGARDEDASONEOFTHEESSENTIALELEMENTSOFTHEINTERNALENVIRONMENTFORALLKINDSOFFILEFORMATTIFF,WERESELECTEDFROMTHEIMAGEDATABASEOFTHEDIGITIZEDVIRTUALCHINESEMALEUSINGTHE4MARKERPOINTSONTHEORIGINALIMAGES,IMAGEREGISTRATIONWASPERFORMEDANDFOLLOWEDBYCONFIRMATIONWITHASTANDARDEDGEDETECTIONALGORITHMSOBELDURINGTHELOCALIZATIONTHEPARAMETERSWEREADJUSTEDACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALIMAGESAFTERREMOVALOFTHEBACKGROUNDSINTHEIMAGES,3GROUPSOFIMAGESWERELIVINGCELLSFUNCTIONALLY,THECONNECTIVETISSUEFRAMEWORKNOTONLYPROVIDESASOFTSUPPORTOFTHEBODYBUTALSOMAINTAINSTHESYSTEMICBALANCEBYREGULATINGOBTAINEDTHEIMAGESWERETHENCOMPAREDWITHTHETHENEURALREFLEXES,NEUROENDOCRINEACTIVITY,STANDARDHUMANBODYTOMOGRAMSTODIFFERENTIATETHECONNECTIVETISSUETHECENTERSOFTHETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEAREAS,WHICHWEREUSUALLYTRIANGULARORPOLYGONAL,WEREMARKEDWITHAGREENDOTWHOSEDIAMETERWASHALFOFTHEMAXIMUMDIAMETEROFTHETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEAREASUBSEQUENTIMAGESEGMENTATIONANDDIMINUTIONBYBICUBICINTERPOLATIONRESULTEDIN3GROUPSOFIMAGES,NEUROIMMUNITY,ANDBYREPAIRINGTHECELLANDTISSUEINJURIESTHEREFORE,WEPUTFORWARDAHYPOTHESISTHATANAUTOSURVEILLANCESYSTEMMAYEXISTINTHEHUMANBODY,WHICHDIFFERSESSENTIALLYFROMTHENINEESTABLISHEDFUNCTIONALSYSTEMSWECOINEDTHETERMFUNCTIONALFASCIAOLOGYTODENOTETHEBULKOFRESEARCHONTHIS10THSYSTEM,WHEREBIOLOGICALLYVALIDEXPLANATIONSFORTHEFUNDAMENTALMECHANISMSOFACUPUNCTURETHERAPYMAYBEFOUNDTHISHYPOTHESISMAYALSOOPENANEWEACHWITHTHESIZEOF810390PIXELSAFTERCONVERSIONINTOGREYIMAGE,ATHREEDIMENSIONALMODELWASRECONSTRUCTEDUSINGVISUALCBASEDONMARCHINGCUBESAREAFORRESEARCHANDBRINGFORWARDQUESTIONSMANYSCIENTIFICALGORITHMFIG1SHOWSTHEMARKINGONTHETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEANDILLUSTRATESTHEPROCESSOFMODELRECONSTRUCTIONWESELECTIVELYLABELEDTHETHICKMATERIALSANDMETHODSIMAGEDATAACQUISITIONFOLLOWINGSCANNINGWITHCOMPUTEDCONNECTIVETISSUEAREACLOSETOTHEANTERIORANDPOSTERIORMIDLINESOFTHETRUNK,ASWELLASTHEMEDIALANDTHELATERALLINESOFTHEUPPERANDLOWEREXTREMITIESAFTERMODELRECONSTRUCTION,THECOURSESOFTHELABELEDDOTSWERECOMPAREDWITHTHOSEOFTHEMERIDIANSINTCM,TOMOGRAPHYCTANDMAGNETICRESONANCEIMAGINGMRI,AMALECADAVERWITHAHEIGHTOF176CMANDAFEMALECADAVERWITHAHEIGHTOF155CMWEREPERFUSEDWITHREDFILLINGMATERIALTHROUGHTHEFEMORALARTERYBEFOREFREEZINGANDEMBEDDINGTHEWHOLEBODYOFTHECADAVERWASSLICEDUSINGAJZ1500AVERTICALMILLINGMACHINEWITHTHESPACINGOF02MMALLTHEIMAGESWERECAPTUREDWITHFUJIFINEPIXS2PROCAMERA,ANDDIGITIZEDVIRTUALCHINESEMALEANDFEMALEIMAGEDATASETSWEREESTABLISHED1516NAMELYRENANDDUCHANNELSOFTHETRUNK,INTESTINECHANNELOFHANDYANGMINGLITRIPLEWARMERCHANNELOFHANDSHAOYANG,LARGEANDTHESPLEENCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYINSPCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYANGBLANDURINARYBLADDERRESULTSWANGJUN,ETALFROMMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSTOSELFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLSYSTEMAHYPOTHESISOFTHE10THFUNCTIONALSYSTEMBASEDONANATOMICALSTUDIESOFDIGITIZEDVIRTUALHUMAN第5期575FIG2THEFRAMEWORKOFTHEWHOLEBODYCONNECTIVETISSUEONCORONALPLANEFIG1POSITIONINGOFTHETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEIMAGEDATABASESTOTALING9232CORONALIMAGESTIFFOFTHEWHOLEBODYWEREOBTAINEDFROMTHEMALECADAVERTOCONSTRUCTANIMAGEDATABASEOF16156GB,AND8556IMAGESFROMTHEFEMALECADAVERWITHTHEWHOLEDATABASEOF1497GBINORDERTOFACILITATECALCULATION,WECOMPRESSEDTHETIFFIMAGESINTOJPGFORMAT,ANDTHEWHOLEDATABASESWERESIZEDDOWNTO820GBFORTHEMALEAND651GBFORTHEFEMALEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUESFIG3CLASSIFICATIONOFTHEFASCIAADERMALDENSECONNECTIVETISSUEBSUBCUTANEOUSLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUECLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEINTHEINTERMUSCULARSEPTUMDLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEAROUNDTHENEUROVASCULARTRACTELOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEOFTHEHILUSANDTUNICAOFTHEVISCERALORGANAFTERRECONSTRUCTION,NETWORKMODELSEPARATIONANDTHREEDIMENSIONALWECONSTRUCTEDTHECONNECTIVETISSUEONTHECORONALPLANEFIG2THECONNECTIVETISSUESWERELABELEDONTHETRANSVERSESECTIONSOFTHETRUNKSOASTOSHOWTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONFIG1THEIMAGESSHOWTHATTHECONNECTIVETISSUEISDISTRIBUTEDEXTENSIVELYOVERVARIOUSPARTSOFTHEHUMANBODYANDFORMACOMPLETECONNECTIVETISSUEFRAMEWORKALLOFTHEHUMANORGANSARECOATEDWITHTHECONNECTIVETISSUE,WHICH,ASSHOWNINFIG4AF,ALSOEXTENDINTOTHEORGANSTOFORMPARTITIONSWITHINTHEORGANSWITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFTHECENTRALNERVESYSTEMINPRACTICEOFRECONSTRUCTIONONTHECROSSSECTIONIMAGES,THETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEAREASWEREARTIFICIALLYLABELEDWITHGREENDOTSTHREEDIMENSIONALRECONSTRUCTIONANDTRANSPARENTPROCESSINGOFTHEIMAGESVISUALIZEDTHECOURSESOFGREENDOTSINTHESHAPEOFASTRINGOFBEADSTHEBEADSWEREROUGHLYLOCATEDATTHESITESOFACUPOINTSANDTHELINESLINKINGTHESEBEADSWENTBASICALLYALONGTHEMERIDIANSINACUPUNCTURETHERAPYASDOCUMENTEDINTHEANCIENTSCRIPTSFIGS4AFTHREEDIMENSIONALBROWSERSOFTWAREWASUSEDTOSTUDYTHEPOSITIONSOFTHE361ACUPOINTSSEPARATELYALONGTHE14INTERNATIONALCHANNELSWEINTENDEDTODETERMINEONWHICHOFTHEFIVEKINDSOFFASCIAETHE361ACUPOINTSARELOCATED,ANDOURFINDINGSAREPRESENTEDINTAB1THEABOVERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEMAJORITYOFTHERECORDEDACUPOINTSONTHEINTERNATIONALCHANNELSARELOCATEDONTHECONNECTIVETISSUESOFTHEINTERMUSCULARACUPUNCTURETHERAPY,ALLTHEACUPOINTSARETOBESTIMULATEDATDIFFERENTDEPTHSTHEREFORE,ACCORDINGTOTHEANATOMICLOCATIONANDTHEHISTOLOGICALSTRUCTURE,THECONNECTIVETISSUESINCLOSERELATIONWITHTHEACUPUNCTURETHERAPYMAYBECLASSIFIEDINTO5TYPES,INTHEORDERFROMSUPERFICIALTOTHEDEEPSTRUCTURESTHEDERMALDENSECONNECTIVETISSUE,SUBCUTANEOUSLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUE,INTERMUSCULARLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUE,LOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEAROUNDTHENERVESANDBLOODVESSELS,ANDTHEHILUSANDCOATINGLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEOFORGANSFIG3POSITIONINGOFTHETHICKCONNECTIVETHEVISCERALTISSUEANDCABFDEFIG4COMPARISONBETWEENTHEREBUILTIMAGESANDTHETRADITIONALRECORDSAREBUILDINGOFTHERENANDDUCHANNELSBDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEDUCHANNELCREBUILDINGOFTHEUPPEREXTREMITYFASCIAESHOWINGTHELARGEINTESTINECHANNELOFHANDYANGMINGLIANDTHETRIPLEWARMERCHANNELOFHANDSHAOYANGSJDDISTRIBUTIONOFTWOCHANNELSINTHEUPPEREXTREMITYEREBUILDINGOFTHELOWEREXTREMITYFASCIAESHOWINGTHESPLEENCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYINSPANDTHEURINARYBLADDERCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYANGBLFDISTRIBUTIONOFTWOCHANNELSINTHELOWEREXTREMITYTAB1FASCIALSTRUCTUREOFACUPOINTSSTIMULATEDINTHE14INTERNATIONALCHANNELSINTERNATIONALCHANNELSABBREVIATIONNUMBEROFACUPOINTS12345THELUNGCHANNELOFHANDTAIYINLUTHELARGEINTESTINECHANNELOFHANDYANGMINGLITHESTOMACKCHANNELOFFOOTYANGMINGSTTHESPLEENCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYINSPTHEHEARTCHANNELOFHANDSHAOYINHTTHESMALLINTESTINECHANNELOFHANDTAIYANGSITHEURINARYBLADDERCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYANGBLTHEKIDNEYCHANNELOFFOOTTAIYINKITHEPERICARDIUMCHANNELOFHANGJUEYINPCTHETRIPLEWARMERCHANNELOFHANDSHAOYANGSJTHEGALLBLADDERCHANNELOFFOOTSHAOYANGGBTHELIVERCHANNELOFFOOTJUEYINLRTHEDUCHANNELDUTHERENMERIDIANRNTOTAL11204521919672792344142824361122012022191102481223105104512413225231220402230170101221125221504441105336314148258232610191DERMALDENSECONNECTIVETISSUE2SUBCUTANEOUSLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUE3LOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEINTHEINTERMUSCULARSEPTUM4LOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEAROUNDNEUROVASCULARTRACT5LOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEOFTHEHILUSOFTHEVISCERALORGANWANGJUN,ETALFROMMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSTOSELFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLSYSTEMAHYPOTHESISOFTHE10THFUNCTIONALSYSTEMBASEDONANATOMICALSTUDIESOFDIGITIZEDVIRTUALHUMAN第5期577SEPTUMSTIMULATEDMOSTOFTHEACUPOINTSWHICHARETOBETOTHEDEPTHSOFTHEDERMALDENSEANDMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSDEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGYOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUETHEDEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGYOFFASCIAECANREVEALTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEFASCIALNETWORKASISKNOWN,INTHESUBCUTANEOUSLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUESARELOCATEDINTHEHEADTHEACUPOINTSONTHELIMBSAREUSUALLYSTIMULATEDTOTHEDEPTHSOFTHELOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEINTHEINTERMUSCULARSEPTUMANDTHATAROUNDTHENEUROVASCULARPROCESSOFPHYLOGENICEVOLUTION,FASCIAEORIGINALLYEVOLVEFROMTHEMESENCHYMEOFTHEMETAZOANPHYLAANDTHENFROMECFINTHEMULTICELLULARORGANISMINASENSE,THEFASCIALNETWORK,THEMESENCHYMEANDTHEECFAREHOMOLOGOUSTHEIRCOMMONFUNCTIONISTOSUSTAINTHESTABILITYOFTHEINTERNALENVIRONMENTOFTHEBODYFIG5TRACTTHEACUPOINTSFORNEEDLINGONTHEBACKANDABDOMENARELOCATED,INGENERAL,INTHELOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEINTHEINTERMUSCULARSEPTUM,BUTPARTOFTHEACUPOINTSONTHEABDOMENAREINTHELOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEOFTHEHILUSOFTHEVISCERALORGANSDISCUSSIONVARIOUSACUPUNCTURETHERAPIESANDTHECONNECTIVETISSUESINTHISSTUDY,WECONFIRMEDTHECORRESPONDENCEBETWEENTHEACUPOINTSANDTHECOURSESOFFASCIAEREPRESENTEDBYTHREEDIMENSIONALRECONSTRUCTIONWEHAVEALSONOTEDTHATTHEPRACTICEOFVARIOUSOTHERTRADITIONALCHINESETHERAPIESINVOLVESTHESTIMULATIONINVARYINGMANNERSOFDIFFERENTLAYERSOFCONNECTIVETISSUESFOREXAMPLE,THESCALINGTHERAPY,PERCUSSOPUNCTATORTHERAPY,MEDICATEDPLASTERTHERAPYANDTHECOMMONLYUSEDMODERNSKINSTIMULATINGTHERAPYINVOLVETHESTIMULATIONOFTHEDERMALDENSECONNECTIVETISSUETHESUPERFICIALNEEDLETHERAPYANDSUBCUTANEOUSNEEDLETHERAPYSTIMULATETHESUBCUTANEOUSLOOSECONNECTIVETISSUEACCORDINGTOTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIES,THESITESFORSTIMULATIONINVARIOUSSTIMULATIONTHERAPIESHAVEONECOMMONFEATUREPRESENCEOFABUNDANTSENSORYNERVEENDINGSANDLYMPHATICCAPILLARIESTHISMIGHTBETHEREASONWHYTHESETRADITIONALTHERAPIESWORKWHENAFIG5ORIGINATIONOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUEOFHUMANBODYTHEABOVEDIAGRAMILLUSTRATESTHATTHEMESODERMFURTHERGIVESRISETOORGANSANDSYSTEMSWITHSPECIFICFUNCTIONS,NAMELYTHELOCOMOTOR,IMMUNE,URINARY,REPRODUCTIVEANDCIRCULATORYSYSTEMSHOWEVER,THERESIDUEMESENCHYMEISDIFFERENTIATEDINTOCONNECTIVETISSUETHATISDISTRIBUTEDTHROUGHOUTTHEBODYOFHIGHERNEEDLEISINSERTEDINTOTHE“POINT”WHERETHICKCONNECTIVETISSUEISPRESENT,TWIRLINGANDROTATINGTHENEEDLEMAYINCREASETHEAMOUNTOFCONNECTIVETISSUESUNDERSTIMULATION,THUSPRODUCINGSTRONGERBIOLOGICALEFFECTSNOWBYWAYOFDIGITALANATOMICRECONSTRUCTION,SCIENTISTSCANCONSTRUCTTHEFRAMEWORKMODELOFTHEANIMALSTHECONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKPROVIDESSUPPORTFORALLTHECELLSOFTHEFUNCTIONALTISSUESOTHERTHANTHECENTRALNERVESYSTEM,ANDSERVESASTHEMATRIXFORTHEGROWTHOFTISSUECELLS,SUCHASTHEBASEMENTMEMBRANEOFTHEEPIDERMISANDGASTROINTESTINALTRACTENDOTHELIUM,ASWELLASTHECAPSULESCOATINGAROUNDANDEXTENDINGINTOTHEMUSCLES,VISCERALORGANS,BONEANDMERIDIANSANDACUPOINTSINHUMAN,ORINANIMALSDIGITALANATOMICTHREEDIMENSIONALRECONSTRUCTIONHASENABLEDTHEEXPLORATIONOFNEWACUPOINTSINTHETHORACICCAVITY,ABDOMINALCAVITY,PELVICCAVITY,ANDBASEOFTHESKULLMOREOVER,THISTECHNIQUEPROVIDESVERYUSEFULANATOMICALMODELTOFACILITATETHERESEARCHONTHETHEIRINTERSTITIALSPACEINFACT,ASANESSENTIALCONSTITUTIVEELEMENTOFTHEINTERNALENVIRONMENTFORTHEGROWTHOFVARIOUSFUNCTIONALTISSUECELLS,THECONNECTIVETISSUESSTILLRETAINTHEIRORIGINALFUNCTIONSANDTHEMESENCHYME,ORTHEADULTMESENCHYME,FORMSANADDITIONALFUNCTIONALSYSTEMINHUMANWITHTHECOOPERATIONOFTHEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMANDIMMUNESYSTEMTHELYMPHATICVESSELSWEHEREREFERTOTHISSYSTEMASTHEAUTOSURVEILLANCESYSTEM,BECAUSEWEBELIEVETHATBESIDESIMMOBILIZATION,PARTITIONANDSUPPORTTHATAREGENERALLYRECOGNIZEDASTHEFUNCTIONSOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUE,THEFASCIAEALSOHELPMAINTAINHOMEOSTASISOFTHEORGANISM,REPAIRTHETISSUEORCELLINJURIESANDAUTONOMOUSLYREGULATETISSUEMETABOLISMSIMILARLY,THEBONESNOTONLYPROVIDEATTACHMENTFORTHEINCLUDINGCELLMETABOLISM,REPAIRANDREGENERATION,WHILETHEPARASYMPATHETICNERVEREGULATESTHEFUNCTIONALACTIVITIESOFTHEINTERNALORGANS,SUCHASSECRETIONANDPERISTALSISTHESECRETEDHORMONESBYTHEHYPOTHALAMUSNERVEREGULATETHESYSTEMICSTATEOFTHEBODY3AUTOIMMUNEREGULATIONOFTHELYMPHATICSYSTEMCELLDEBRISANDLARGEMOLECULARMASSSUBSTANCESENTERTHELYMPHATICCAPILLARIESINTHECONNECTIVETISSUEANDTHENTHECENTRALLYMPHOIDORGANSTHROUGHTHELYMPHATICVESSELSTOACTIVATESPECIFICIMMUNERESPONSESDEGENERATEDCELLSARECLEAREDTHROUGHTHEBODYFLUIDSANDIMMUNERESPONSESOFTHECELLSTHEAUTOSURVEILLANCESYSTEMCANBECLASSIFIEDINTOMUSCLESANDSUPPORTTHEBODYWEIGHT,IMPORTANTROLESINHEMATOPOIESISANEONATEHASGREATERABUNDANCEBUTALSOPLAYOFCONNECTIVETISSUESTHATGRADUALLYDECREASEWITHGROWTH,ANDINOLDAGE,THESKINBECOMESRATHERTHINASTHEFAT,FASCIAEORCONNECTIVETISSUESDIMINISHTHISFACTSEEMSTOSUGGESTTHATTHECONNECTIVETISSUESALSOSERVEASTHERESERVOIROFSOMESORTOFHUMANENERGYANDPLAYANINDISPENSABLEROLEINTHEAGEINGPROCESS3TYPES,REACTINGWITHFAST,MODERATEANDSLOWRESPONSES,RESPECTIVELYREGULATIONOFTHENEURALREFLEXVIATHESENSORYNERVESTOTHESPINALCORD,THALAMUS,ANDLIMBICSYSTEMISEXECUTEDTHROUGHFASTRESPONSENEUROENDOCRINEREGULATIONFIRSTVIATHESENSORYNERVESANDTHENVIATHALAMUS,LIMBICSYSTEMANDHYPOTHALAMUSTOTHENEUROENDOCRINESYSTEMRELIESONMODERATERESPONSEANDAUTOIMMUNEREGULATIONTHATSTARTSFROMTHELYMPHTOTHECENTRALLYMPHOIDORGANSANDTHENTOTHEIMMUNEAGENTSISACCOMPLISHEDTHROUGHSLOWRESPONSETHEAUTOSURVEILLANCESYSTEMHASTWOMAINCONCEPTANDMECHANISMSYSTEMOFTHEAUTOSURVEILLANCEINHUMAN,THEAUTOSURVEILLANCESYSTEMISCOMPOSEDOFTHECONNECTIVETISSUENETWORKWHICHMONITORSANDREGULATESLIVINGANDFUNCTIONALCONDITIONSOFTISSUECELLSITSAUTOREGULATINGMECHANISMSMAYBEDESCRIBEDINTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTS1NEURALREFLEXREGULATIONTHESENSORYNERVEIMPULSESENTERTHEPOSTERIORHORNOFTHESPINALCORDVIATHEDORSALROOTGANGLION,ANDTHENDIRECTLY,ORTHROUGHFUNCTIONSONEISTOREGULATETHEFUNCTIONALSTATEMETABOLICACTIVITYANDEXCITATION,SUCHASNEURALREFLEXREGULATIONANDNEUROENDOCRINEREGULATIONTHEOTHERISTOREGULATETHESTATEOFLIFEACTIVITYCELLDIVISION,GROWTHTHEINTERMEDIATENERVE,ACTONTHEMOTONEURONANDANDAPOPTOSIS,INCLUDINGCELLDIVISIONANDGROWTHINTERNEURONOFTHESPINALCORDANTERIORHORNTORAISETHETHRESHOLDOFEXCITATIONOFTHESETWOKINDSOFNEURONS,RESULTINGSUBSEQUENTLYINSPASMRELIEFANDANALGESIA2NEUROENDOCRINEREGULATIONTHESENSORYNERVEIMPULSESVIATHESPINALCORTEXBUNDLEREACHTHETHALAMUSANDARETRANSMITTEDTHROUGHTHERELAYNEURONSTOTHECEREBRALCORTEX,LIMBICSYSTEMANDSUBCORTICALSTRUCTURESINTURNTHESESTRUCTURESSENDTHEIMPULSESBACKTOTHETHALAMUSTOBLOCKTHETRANSMISSIONOFINCOMINGSTIMULATIONTOTHECORTEX,ANDALSOSENDTHEIMPULSESTOTHEHYPOTHALAMUSWHICHUNDERSTIMULATIONCANSECRETEVARIOUSHORMONESTOREGULATETHEEXCITATIONOFTHESYMPATHETICNERVEANDTHEPARASYMPATHETICNERVEINTHISMANNER,ANAL

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論