課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書課程名稱單片機(jī)技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)題目基于AT89S52單片機(jī)控制的模擬汽車轉(zhuǎn)向燈設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院電子信息與電氣工程學(xué)院學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)專業(yè)班級(jí)14級(jí)自動(dòng)化專升本指導(dǎo)教師2015年4月30日基于AT89S52單片機(jī)控制的模擬汽車轉(zhuǎn)向燈設(shè)計(jì)摘要隨著單片機(jī)的日益發(fā)展，其應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛，通過對(duì)“汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎燈單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)”設(shè)計(jì)，可以對(duì)單片機(jī)的知識(shí)得到鞏固和擴(kuò)張。本設(shè)計(jì)是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。在汽車進(jìn)行左轉(zhuǎn)彎、右轉(zhuǎn)彎、剎車、合緊急開關(guān)、?？康炔僮鲿r(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)各種信號(hào)指示燈的控制。本設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)基于AT89S52單片機(jī)控制模擬汽車在進(jìn)行左轉(zhuǎn)彎、右轉(zhuǎn)彎、剎車、合緊急開關(guān)、?？康炔僮?，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)各種信號(hào)指示燈的控制當(dāng)按下左轉(zhuǎn)按鈕時(shí)，左頭燈、左轉(zhuǎn)向燈和左尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下右轉(zhuǎn)按鈕時(shí)，右頭燈、右轉(zhuǎn)向燈、右尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下剎車按鈕時(shí)，左、右尾燈同時(shí)亮；當(dāng)按下?？堪粹o時(shí)，左、右頭尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下緊急按鈕時(shí)，所有燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍。本設(shè)計(jì)用P1口作為輸入，連接按鈕，用P2口作為輸出，連接LED燈。程序中通過對(duì)P1口的采樣，和預(yù)設(shè)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比后，跳轉(zhuǎn)入相應(yīng)的子程序。經(jīng)過單片機(jī)對(duì)P2口輸出低電平點(diǎn)亮共陽極LED燈。關(guān)鍵詞AT89S52轉(zhuǎn)向燈目錄1設(shè)計(jì)背景52設(shè)計(jì)方案621硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案622軟件設(shè)計(jì)方案63方案實(shí)施631時(shí)鐘電路632電源電路733復(fù)位電路734LED電路設(shè)計(jì)835按鍵電路設(shè)計(jì)836程序設(shè)計(jì)84結(jié)果與結(jié)論1141結(jié)果1142結(jié)論115收獲與致謝126參考文獻(xiàn)137附件141設(shè)計(jì)背景隨著單片機(jī)的日益發(fā)展，其應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛，通過對(duì)“汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎燈單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)”設(shè)計(jì)，可以對(duì)單片機(jī)的知識(shí)得到鞏固和擴(kuò)張。本設(shè)計(jì)是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。在汽車進(jìn)行左轉(zhuǎn)彎、右轉(zhuǎn)彎、剎車、合緊急開關(guān)、?？康炔僮鲿r(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)各種信號(hào)指示燈的控制。本設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)單片機(jī)的并行輸入/輸出口電路的應(yīng)用，通過I/O口控制發(fā)光二極管的亮滅閃爍，加上一些復(fù)位電路按鍵電路驅(qū)動(dòng)電路來模擬汽車尾燈的功能。汽車在駕駛時(shí)有左轉(zhuǎn)彎、右轉(zhuǎn)彎、剎車、合緊急開關(guān)、?？康炔僮?。在左轉(zhuǎn)彎或右轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，通過轉(zhuǎn)彎操作桿應(yīng)使左轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)或右轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)合上，從而使左頭燈、儀表板左轉(zhuǎn)彎燈、左尾燈或右頭燈、儀表板右轉(zhuǎn)彎燈、右尾燈閃爍；合緊急開關(guān)時(shí)要求前面所述的6個(gè)信號(hào)燈全部閃爍；汽車剎車時(shí)，兩個(gè)尾燈點(diǎn)亮；如正當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)剎車，則轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)原應(yīng)閃爍的信號(hào)燈仍應(yīng)閃爍。以上閃爍，都是頻率為1HZ的低頻閃爍；在汽車停靠而?？块_關(guān)合上時(shí)，左頭燈、右頭燈、左尾燈、右尾燈按頻率為30HZ的高頻閃爍。通過做實(shí)物，編寫程序，完成了設(shè)計(jì)的要求。通過該設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)單片機(jī)的認(rèn)識(shí)有了更進(jìn)一步的了解，對(duì)單片機(jī)的各個(gè)口的功能作用了解加深，對(duì)PROTEL的應(yīng)用更加熟練，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)有了了解，掌握了一些設(shè)計(jì)方法，受益不淺按鈕電源2設(shè)計(jì)方案21硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案用P1口作為輸入，連接5個(gè)按鈕分別作轉(zhuǎn)向燈的左轉(zhuǎn)、右轉(zhuǎn)、緊急、?？亢蛣x車開關(guān)。用P2口作為輸出，連接7個(gè)LED燈作為轉(zhuǎn)向燈的信號(hào)燈。用USB輸入電源，再加上一個(gè)單片機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)，即可作為轉(zhuǎn)向燈設(shè)計(jì)的硬件電路。輸入輸出圖21硬件連接圖22軟件設(shè)計(jì)方案讀取P1口的輸入狀態(tài)（P1口低5位數(shù)據(jù)），與預(yù)設(shè)值對(duì)比，對(duì)比之后轉(zhuǎn)入相應(yīng)的子程序。轉(zhuǎn)入相應(yīng)子程序后由P2口輸出點(diǎn)亮LED燈。P1單片機(jī)P2復(fù)位電路LED燈3方案實(shí)施31時(shí)鐘電路AT89S52內(nèi)部有一個(gè)用于構(gòu)成振蕩器的高增益反相放大器，此放大器的輸入和輸出端分別是引腳XTAL1和XTAL2，在XTAL1和XTAL2上外接是時(shí)鐘電源可構(gòu)成時(shí)鐘電路。單片機(jī)的生產(chǎn)工藝不同，時(shí)鐘的產(chǎn)生方式也不同，有內(nèi)部和外部?jī)煞N時(shí)鐘產(chǎn)生方式，根據(jù)該設(shè)計(jì)需要，采取內(nèi)部方式。系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘電路如圖32所示圖31時(shí)鐘電路32電源電路這個(gè)電源電路主要是由變壓器、橋式整流、電容、穩(wěn)壓器、電阻、發(fā)光二極管構(gòu)成的和USB雙電源。交流電壓220V通過變壓器變壓以后，經(jīng)過橋式整流變成直流電壓，然后經(jīng)過電容濾波和7805穩(wěn)壓，最后輸出5V的電源，然后在電源電路中加上一個(gè)發(fā)光二極管，當(dāng)電源接通后發(fā)光二極管會(huì)亮。系統(tǒng)電源電路如圖33所示圖32電源33復(fù)位電路在振蕩器運(yùn)行時(shí)，有兩個(gè)機(jī)器周期（24個(gè)振蕩周期）以上的高電平出現(xiàn)在此引腳時(shí)，將使單片機(jī)復(fù)位，只要這個(gè)引腳保持高電平，51芯片便循環(huán)復(fù)位。復(fù)位后P0P3口均在1引腳表現(xiàn)為高電平，程序計(jì)數(shù)器和特殊功能寄存器SFR全部清零。當(dāng)復(fù)位引腳由高電平變?yōu)榈碗娖綍r(shí)，芯片為ROM的00H處開始運(yùn)行程序。復(fù)位是由外部的復(fù)位電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。片內(nèi)復(fù)位電路是復(fù)位引腳RST通過一個(gè)斯密特觸發(fā)器與復(fù)位電路相連，斯密特觸發(fā)器用來抑制噪聲，它的輸出在每個(gè)機(jī)器周期的S5P2，由復(fù)位電路采樣一次。復(fù)位電路通常采用上電自動(dòng)復(fù)位和按鈕復(fù)位兩種方式，此電路系統(tǒng)采用的是上電與按鈕復(fù)位電路。復(fù)位操作不會(huì)對(duì)內(nèi)部RAM有所影響。圖33復(fù)位按鍵34LED電路設(shè)計(jì)7個(gè)LED燈采用共陽極接法，用P2口驅(qū)動(dòng)，前面加100電阻。如圖圖34LED燈電路35按鍵電路設(shè)計(jì)用到5個(gè)按鈕作為轉(zhuǎn)向燈的控制開關(guān)，按鈕一端接低電平一端接單片機(jī)的P1口低5位。如圖圖35按鍵電路36程序設(shè)計(jì)采用匯編語言對(duì)本設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行編程大量用到比較指令和跳轉(zhuǎn)指令。編程思想對(duì)P1口的采樣，和預(yù)設(shè)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比后，跳轉(zhuǎn)入相應(yīng)的子程序。經(jīng)過單片機(jī)對(duì)P2口輸出低電平點(diǎn)亮共陽極LED燈。流程圖如下圖36轉(zhuǎn)向燈程序流程圖輸入量的讀取程序節(jié)選SHIY1CJNEA,SAME,START1CJNEA,17H,NEXT1P130時(shí)進(jìn)入左轉(zhuǎn)分支AJMPLEFTNEXT1CJNEA,0FH,NEXT2P140時(shí)進(jìn)入右轉(zhuǎn)分支AJMPRIGHTNEXT2CJNEA,1DH,NEXT3P110時(shí)進(jìn)入緊急分支AJMPEARGENEXT3CJNEA,1EH,NEXT4P100時(shí)進(jìn)入剎車分支AJMPBRAKE輸出量的程序節(jié)選LEFTMOVP2,0D5H左轉(zhuǎn)分支LCALLY1SMOVP2,0FFHLCALLY1SAJMPSTARTRIGHTMOVP2,0ABH右轉(zhuǎn)分支LCALLY1SMOVP2,0FFHLCALLY1SAJMPSTARTEARGEMOVP2,80H緊急分支LCALLY1SMOVP2,0FFHLCALLY1SAJMPSTARTBRAKEMOVP2,9FH剎車分支AJMPSTART4結(jié)果與結(jié)論41結(jié)果（1）按S1剎車鍵，D5、D6相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈亮；（2）按S2緊急鍵，D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；（3）按S3停靠鍵，D1、D2、D5、D6相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以30HZ高頻率閃爍；（4）按S4左轉(zhuǎn)彎鍵，D1、D3、D5相應(yīng)信號(hào)以1HZ頻率燈亮；（5）按S5右轉(zhuǎn)彎鍵，D2、D4、D6相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；（6）按S1剎車、S2緊急鍵，D1、D2、D3、D4相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；D5、D6信號(hào)燈亮；（7）按S4左轉(zhuǎn)彎、S1剎車鍵，D1、D3相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；D5、D6信號(hào)燈亮；（8）按S5右轉(zhuǎn)彎、S1剎車鍵，D2、D4相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；D5、D6信號(hào)燈亮；（9）按S4左轉(zhuǎn)彎、S1剎車、S2緊急鍵，D1、D2、D3、D4相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍；D5、D6信號(hào)燈亮；（10）按S5右轉(zhuǎn)彎、S1剎車、S2緊急鍵，D1、D2、D3、D4相應(yīng)信號(hào)燈以1HZ頻率閃爍，D5、D6信號(hào)燈亮。42結(jié)論此次課程設(shè)計(jì)，我們使用的是AT89S52的單片機(jī)，它是一種低功耗，高性能的CMOS8位微控制器，有40個(gè)引腳。通過單片機(jī)的不同I/O端口與外設(shè)連接，能夠控制外設(shè)的工作情況，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的符合各種需求功能的電路板，強(qiáng)調(diào)P0口在作為通用I/O口時(shí)一定要加上拉電阻。LED燈是單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)中最常見的外部連接，一般用來顯示處理結(jié)果或輸入輸出信號(hào)的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過我們兩周的努力完成了基于單片機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)向燈控制的課程設(shè)計(jì)。5收獲與致謝通過這次課程設(shè)計(jì)我們對(duì)于單片機(jī)應(yīng)用有了更深的了解，單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，涉及面廣，內(nèi)容豐富，它用軟件的方法設(shè)計(jì)硬件；用軟件方式設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)到硬件系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換是由有關(guān)的開發(fā)軟件自動(dòng)完成的；在設(shè)計(jì)過程中可用有關(guān)軟件進(jìn)行各種仿真；系統(tǒng)可現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編程，在線升級(jí)；整個(gè)系統(tǒng)可集成在一個(gè)芯片上，體積小，功率低，可靠性高。其技術(shù)以大規(guī)?？删幊踢壿嬈骷樵O(shè)計(jì)載體，以硬件描述語言為系統(tǒng)邏輯描述的主要表達(dá)方法，以計(jì)算機(jī)、大規(guī)?？删幊踢壿嬈骷拈_發(fā)軟件及實(shí)驗(yàn)開發(fā)系統(tǒng)為設(shè)計(jì)工具，通過有關(guān)的開發(fā)軟件，自動(dòng)完成用軟件方式設(shè)計(jì)的電子系統(tǒng)到硬件系統(tǒng)的邏輯編譯，邏輯化簡(jiǎn)，邏輯分割，邏輯綜合及優(yōu)化，邏輯布局布線，邏輯仿真，直至特定目標(biāo)芯片的適配便宜，邏輯映射，編程下載等工作，最終形成集成電子系統(tǒng)或?qū)Ｓ眉尚酒囊婚T新技術(shù)。此次電子課程設(shè)計(jì)不但提高了我們實(shí)踐的能力和理論水平，而且對(duì)于我們認(rèn)識(shí)掌握各種操作技巧具有重大意義，使我們的綜合素質(zhì)得到了很大的提高在我們的日常生活中有很多與單片機(jī)電子電路相關(guān)的，很普通很簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)備，比如說電子計(jì)算機(jī)、飲水機(jī)、可調(diào)亮度的臺(tái)燈、電子手表等等。這些簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)備，都有一個(gè)不簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)。在以后的生活中我們應(yīng)該留心這些設(shè)備，多學(xué)習(xí)，多思考才能讓自己更加理解理論知識(shí)，強(qiáng)化理論知識(shí)，才能逐漸提高自己的設(shè)計(jì)能力。在此很感謝丁老師的耐心指導(dǎo)與我們小組的其他成員，辛苦你們了6參考文獻(xiàn)1張毅剛，彭喜元，董繼成單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用高等教育出版社，20102柴鈺單片機(jī)原理應(yīng)用（M）西安西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，20093徐晨，陳繼紅，王春明，徐慧微機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用高等教育出版社，20044余發(fā)山單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用技術(shù)，徐州中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，20037附件附件1元器件清單元器件名稱型號(hào)規(guī)格數(shù)量備注單片機(jī)AT89C521晶振12MHZ1瓷片電容30PF2電解電容22UF1電阻10K11008發(fā)光二極管2V,100MA81紅，7黃按鈕66腳開關(guān)1電源開關(guān)USB接口1電源接口附件2原理圖圖71轉(zhuǎn)向燈原理圖附件3實(shí)物圖圖72轉(zhuǎn)向燈實(shí)物圖指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告成績(jī)，占總成績(jī)比例30課程設(shè)計(jì)其它環(huán)節(jié)成績(jī)環(huán)節(jié)名稱考勤，成績(jī)，占總成績(jī)比例20環(huán)節(jié)名稱綜合，成績(jī)，占總成績(jī)比例50總成績(jī)指導(dǎo)教師簽字年月日本次課程設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)責(zé)人意見負(fù)責(zé)人簽字年月日課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書設(shè)計(jì)題目轉(zhuǎn)向燈學(xué)生姓名所在學(xué)院電子信息及電氣工程學(xué)院專業(yè)、年級(jí)、班14級(jí)自動(dòng)化專升本設(shè)計(jì)要求（1）具有電源按鈕及指示燈，有復(fù)位按鍵；（2）按下電源開關(guān)電源指示燈亮，開始執(zhí)行程序，初始態(tài)為所有燈都滅，當(dāng)按下左轉(zhuǎn)按鈕時(shí)，左頭燈、左轉(zhuǎn)向燈和左尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下右轉(zhuǎn)按鈕時(shí)，右頭燈、右轉(zhuǎn)向燈、右尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下剎車按鈕時(shí)，左、右尾燈同時(shí)亮；當(dāng)按下?？堪粹o時(shí)，左、右頭尾燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍；當(dāng)按下緊急按鈕時(shí)，所有燈同時(shí)亮且閃爍。學(xué)生應(yīng)完成的工作本課題是基于AT89S52單片機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)向燈設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)用匯編語言編寫程序，可以通過查閱手冊(cè)和文獻(xiàn)資料來選擇合適的元器件，設(shè)計(jì)合理的電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)符合要求的電路板事物。主要任務(wù)應(yīng)包括（1）原理圖的設(shè)計(jì)與仿真。（2）學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)不同方案進(jìn)行比較分析，并通過整體優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)的比較，確定合理的方案。（3）硬件電路的焊接及調(diào)試。（4）用匯編語言進(jìn)行軟件的編寫與調(diào)試。（5）撰寫課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書。（6）該生在此次課程設(shè)計(jì)中主要任務(wù)是完善電路原理圖的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)物正常工作與軟件的調(diào)試與修改。參考文獻(xiàn)閱讀1張毅剛單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用M北京高等教育出版社，20042何立民單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)選編M北京北京?？蘸教齑髮W(xué)出版社，19943林志琦基PROTEUS的單片機(jī)可視化軟硬件仿真M北京北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，2006工作計(jì)劃4月20日4月22日查資料，畫出設(shè)計(jì)原理圖4月23日4月24日編寫設(shè)計(jì)程序4月25日4月26日仿真4月274月30日按照原理圖焊接電路、燒程序，4月30日寫課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告任務(wù)下達(dá)日期2015年4月20日任務(wù)完成日期2015年4月30日指導(dǎo)教師（簽名）學(xué)生（簽名）您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請(qǐng)您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O_O謝謝ANATIONALSURVEYWASRECENTLYLAUNCHEDTOEVALUATETHEEYEHEALTHOFCHINESECHILDRENANDTEENAGERSONJUNE6,CHINASANNUALNATIONALDAYFOREYECARE,THECHINAYOUTHDEVELOPMENTSERVICECENTERANDZHEJIANGMEDICINE,ALEADINGLISTEDCHINESEPHARMACEUTICALCOMPANY,JOINTLYANNOUNCEDTHEKICKOFFOFTHESURVEYINABOUTONEMONTH,AQUESTIONNAIRECOMPILEDBYTOPEYECAREMEDICALEXPERTSINCHINAWILLBEDISTRIBUTEDTHROUGHMULTIPLEONLINEPARTNERS,INCLUDINGHEALTHSOHUCOM,ASWELLASTHROUGHOFFLINESURVEYEVENTSHELDINUNIVERSITIES,MIDDLESCHOOLSANDPRIMARYSCHOOLSACROSSTHECOUNTRYAREPORTWILLBERELEASEDBASEDONTHESURVEYSTATISTICSANDANALYSIS,ANDMOSTIMPORTANTLY,GUIDELINESFORPARENTSANDYOUTHONHOWTOCAREFORTHEEYESANDPREVENTMYOPIAAGROWINGPROBLEMINCHINASDIGITIZEDSOCIETY,WILLALSOBEATTACHEDONTHEREPORT“MYOPIAISNOTONLYADISEASETHATMAKESPEOPLESEETHINGSBLURRILY,BUTALSOLEADSTOSEVERECOMPLICATIONS,SUCHASGLAUCOMAINCREASEDPRESSUREWITHINTHEEYEBALL,ANDCANCAUSEBLINDNESS,“SAIDZHOUYUEHUA,ANESTABLISHEDEYECARESPECIALISTWITHBEIJINGTONGRENHOSPITAL“ITISVERYIMPORTANTFORPARENTSANDCHILDRENTOKNOWABOUTTHERISKANDCAREFORTHEIREYES“THEREAREABOUT450MILLIONMYOPIAPATIENTSINCHINAAMONGCHINESEMYOPIAPATIENTS,30MILLIONARESEVEREPATIENTS,ACCORDINGTOZHOUTHEPREVALENCEOFMYOPIAAMONGHIGHSCHOOLANDCOLLEGESTUDENTSISMORETHAN70PERCENT,ANDTHESITUATIONISCONTINUOUSLYWORSENING,HEADDEDSUNZHU,DIRECTORWITHTHECHINAYOUTHDEVELOPMENTSERVICECENTER,SAIDLONGHOURSOFSTUDY,LACKOFEXERCISE,ESPECIALLYOUTDOORACTIVITIES,ANDATTACHMENTTOELECTRONICSCREENARESOMEOFTHETOPREASONSBEHINDTHEWIDESPREADMYOPIAPROBLEMS,ANDTHEINCREASEOFYOUNGERPATIENTS,ALTHOUGHCHINAHASMADEGREATPROGRESSINIMPROVINGTHEHARDWAREFACILITIESANDLIGHTINGCONDITIONSINSCHOOLSHESAIDHEHOPESTHESURVEYWILLAL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