1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上主動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/雙賓被動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)（賓格-主格）+ be + done by sb英語(yǔ)句子成分一、主語(yǔ)（subject）: 句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞） He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語(yǔ)從句）It is very clear that the

2、elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（predicate）: 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English. （及物動(dòng)詞）The train left. （不及物動(dòng)詞） He is asleep. （系動(dòng)詞）I can speak two different languages.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞）They may be in the classroom. （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+系動(dòng)詞）He didnt go to Janes birthday party yesterday.（助動(dòng)詞+不及物動(dòng)

3、詞）擴(kuò)展：動(dòng)詞的分類：根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞vt、不及物動(dòng)詞vi）、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的do, be, have, will等)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類。有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如： We have lunch at 12. 我們12點(diǎn)吃午飯。(have是行為動(dòng)詞) We have been to New York. 我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)紐約。(have是助動(dòng)詞) I am hungry. 我餓了。(am是系動(dòng)詞) She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助動(dòng)詞) You neednt have waited f

4、or me. 你本來(lái)不必等我。(need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) The door needs painting. 這個(gè)門需要油漆了。(needs及物動(dòng)詞) 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 A. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同： 1. 一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s，如workworks, writewrites。 2. 以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es，如guessguesses, mixmix, finishfinishes, ca

5、tchcatches。 3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為ies，如studystudies。 注：不規(guī)則變化的有havehas, beis, gogoes, dodoes等。 B. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 1. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加ing，如studystudying, workworking。 2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e再加ing，如writewriting, movemoving。 3. 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing，如getgetting, beginbeginning。 4. 以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加

6、ing，如lielying, diedying, tietying。 注：(A) 以l結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，尾音節(jié)重讀時(shí)，雙寫l，如controlcontrolling；尾音節(jié)不重讀時(shí)，雙不雙寫都可以，如traveltraveling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例：picnicpicnicking。 C. 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 1. 一般情況直接加ed，如askasked, workworked。 2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，只加d，如loveloved, dancedanced。 3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕ed，如trytried, studystudied。 4. 以一

7、個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙末尾一個(gè)字母，再加ed，如stopstopped, permitpermitted。 注：(A) 以l結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，尾音節(jié)重讀時(shí)，雙寫l，如controlcontrolled；尾音節(jié)不重讀時(shí)，雙不雙寫都可以，如traveltraveled(美) /travelled(英) 。(B) 特例：picnicpicnicked。另外，還有很多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是不合乎上述規(guī)則的，需要熟記。三、表語(yǔ)（predicative）/主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ): 系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four!

8、 You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. ( 介詞短語(yǔ))My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表語(yǔ)從句）常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be（是）, sound（聽

9、起來(lái)）, look（看起來(lái)）, feel(摸起來(lái))，smell（聞起來(lái)）, taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） .More examples: It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.The cloth feels soft.四、賓語(yǔ)：1）（及物動(dòng)詞

10、）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. （the + adj=某類人）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語(yǔ)從句）2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the sno

11、w, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.五、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語(yǔ)） D

12、ont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過(guò)去分詞） 擴(kuò)展：主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代

13、詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞短語(yǔ))The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）

14、The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過(guò)去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句）七、狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., 或 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 I will go there tomorrow. 時(shí)間 The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 地點(diǎn)The meat went bad because of

15、 the hot weather. 原因He studies hard to learn English well. 目的He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. 結(jié)果I like some of you very much. 程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 條件He goes to school by bike. 方式 Though he is young, he can do it well. 讓步八、同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)一個(gè)概念詞在前，后面的詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時(shí)，而且兩者

16、的語(yǔ)法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位語(yǔ)。Eg:Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. 我們的英語(yǔ)老師布萊克先生是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球手。 Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.足球-他唯一的愛好，讓他結(jié)交了許多朋友。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。 Thats her habit, reading in bed.躺在床上看書是她的習(xí)慣。Yo

17、ur suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.你建議趁熱打鐵，這個(gè)建議很好。He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.他發(fā)出指示要立即開始工作。You still havent answered my question why you didnt come to school yesterday.你還沒有回答我昨天為什么沒有上學(xué)。同位語(yǔ)從句常跟在某些名詞后，對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋。這些名詞包括：fact, doubt, idea, ne

18、ws, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.這類從句常常有that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也可以用what, why, whether, when 等引導(dǎo)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的六個(gè)基本句型 見步步高Page 11主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) She likes English.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)/主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She is happy主語(yǔ) 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) She gave John a bookShe bought a book f

19、or me.主語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There is a book on the desk. ）Exercises ：分析下列句子主干成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)3. All of us considered him honest. 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)

20、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)5. He broke a piece of glass. 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 形式賓語(yǔ) it 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7. -I love you more than her，child 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 8. Trees turn green when spring comes.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) +狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間狀從）9. They pushed t

21、he door open. 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)+ 時(shí)間狀11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)12.All the students think highly of his teaching主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) +狀語(yǔ)14. He asked u

22、s to sing an English song. 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 15. Don't get nervous.主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)16.We will make our school more beautiful.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17. He didn't comeThat is why he didn't know 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)19. The old man lives a lonely life.

23、 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him主句： There be 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we m

24、ust fulfill it this month.主句： 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 24. Go back where you came from. 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞27. Would you please pass me the cup? 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)間接

25、賓語(yǔ)29. Do you know the latest news about him?主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)翻 譯 練 習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 ）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 You should study hard. 2她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening.3那天早上我們談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 That morning we talked for a long time. We talked for a long time that mor

26、ning.4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 holdThe meeting will last for two hours. 5在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.In the past/last ten years/decade my hometown has been changed /changed much.6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 Things of that sort are happening all over the world

27、every day. 7 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)The May Fourth Movement。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8每天八時(shí)開始上課。 Classes begin at eight every day. 9她的建議對(duì)作出這一決定起了重要作用。Her suggestion weighed heavily in this decision. 10五年前我住在北京。I lived in Beijing five years ago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) ）1昨晚我寫了一封信。 I

28、 wrote a letter last night.2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?I want to talk with you this afternoon.3這本書他讀過(guò)多次了。 He has read this book many times. 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 They have carried out the plan successfully.5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 You must finish reading these books within two weeks. 6那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。That gentleman can speak three la

29、nguages fluently.7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8 Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 Jim cannot dress himself.Jim still cant dress himself.Be dressed The woman dressing herself / dressed in a white blouse is our Chinese teacher.9我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is

30、an honest boy.10他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。He did not know what to say.He doesnt / didnt know what he should say/ what to say.主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) ）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 My brothers are all college students.2冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。 Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。

31、At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 Children, keep quiet please.6這本書是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書。 This book is about the history of the United States. 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.8他失業(yè)了。 He is out of work. 9樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 The leaves have turned yellow.10這個(gè)報(bào)告

32、聽起來(lái)很有意思。 The report sounds interesting. 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) /直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)）1 Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 Grandma told us an interesting story last night. 3. Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ Would you please pass

33、 me the dictionary? 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過(guò)三封信了。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 My father has bought me a new bike.8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ Will you plea

34、se get me a new copy? 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？Shall I call you a taxi? 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ）1我們叫她Alice. We call her Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. His parents named him John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 All of us considered him to be honest.4他們把門推開了。 They pushed the door open. 5他們把小偷釋放了。 They have set the thief free. 6我們要使學(xué)校

35、變得更美麗。 We will make our school more beautiful. 7他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 He asked us to join in the game. 8我要你把真相告訴我。 I want you to tell me the truth.9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。 Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.There be 句型 拓展：There be +句詞詞組”中，there為虛詞，be后面的名詞詞組為

36、句子的真正主語(yǔ)。該句式在使用時(shí)須注意如下幾點(diǎn)：There be句式表示“有”時(shí)，它表示一種存在關(guān)系，通常帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意為“什么地方（時(shí)候）有”。句式中的主語(yǔ)只能為表泛指的名詞詞組，此外，其主語(yǔ)還可以帶前置或后置定語(yǔ)。例如：1. There is a blackboard in the classroom.2. There are five minutes to go.3. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.在正式文體中，該句式中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于以下兩種情況：（1）該句式中只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用

37、單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)若為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）該句式中有幾個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，則按就近原則處理，即與靠近be動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：1. There is room for improvement.2. There are three apples on the table.3. There were only two pens, a dictionary and a textbook on the desk.“There be +主語(yǔ)+不定式”中，不定式可以有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種形式，不過(guò)在口語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)形式更為常見。例如：1. There is a letter to type today.2. Th

38、ere is no time to lose.3. There are many things to be done now.There be句式中，be動(dòng)詞有各種變化形式。（1）be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)變化，可以為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)等。例如：1. There are a lot of people in the meeting-room.2. There was little left.3. There have been many such traffic accidents in the past few years.4. When he got there,

39、he found there had been no one waiting for him in the room.5. Without air, there would be no living things.6. There is going to be a storm tomorrow morning.（2）There be句式中，be之前可以有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：1. There may be some people who dont like the film.2. There used to be a temple in the village.（3）在正式文體特別是文學(xué)中，Ther

40、e be句式中的be也可以用其它意義的動(dòng)詞或詞組取代。它們通常是：exist, live, stand等表示存在或位置的動(dòng)詞；come, go, run, walk等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或方向的動(dòng)詞以及certain to be, sure to be, appear to be, happen to be等詞組。這種there存在句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)的形式與主語(yǔ)須保持一致。例如：1. Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.2. In front of the village there flows a stream.3. T

41、here is sure to be a friend of mine in the hotel.4. There happened to be no people in the room.5. There doesn”t seem to be anything wrong with the radio.（4）There be句式中，be前面還可以帶其它動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式，在使用中已形成了固定的句型，如：There is said to be（據(jù)說(shuō)有）；There is thought to be（據(jù)認(rèn)為有）；There is believed to be（據(jù)信有）等。例如：1. There is

42、believed to be some people alive under the ruins. 有人認(rèn)為廢墟下仍有人活著。2. There will be expected to be an official report about the accident very soon. 預(yù)計(jì)很快就會(huì)有對(duì)此次事故的官方報(bào)道。含有there be的幾個(gè)特殊句型。（1）There be no + V-ing形式。例如：1. There was no knowing when he would be back.2. Sorry. Theres no smoking in the waiting-roo

43、m.（2）There be no need (for sb) to do sth。例如：There is no need for him to come.（3）There be no use + V-ing形式。例如：There is no use asking her, she doesn”t know anything.（4）There is no doubt about sth/ There is no doubt that。例如：1. There is no doubt about it.2. There can be no doubt that China belongs to th

44、e Third World翻譯練習(xí)：1今晚沒有會(huì)。 There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.There is not a meeting tonight. 2這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 There used to be/ was only a well in the village. 3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 There is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. a music teacher and an art teacher at school4客人當(dāng)中有兩名

45、美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。 Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。 The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 There used to be a cinema here before the war. 8恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 There happ

46、ened to be nobody in the room. 9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 10公共汽車來(lái)了。 There comes the bus. 句子的種類（一）按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。1） 陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。I haven

47、t got a camera. 我沒有相機(jī).They have never met before. 他們以前從沒見過(guò)面.2） 疑問(wèn)句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問(wèn)題。有以下四種： a.一般疑問(wèn)句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎？b.特殊疑問(wèn)句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live? 你住那兒？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.選擇疑問(wèn)句（Alternative Questions）： D

48、o you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ d.反意疑問(wèn)句（Tag-Questions）： He knows her, doesnt he?他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)？= Does he know her?yes, he does.No , he doesnt.I / we think he should stay at home, shouldnt he?They think he should stay at home, dont they?Open the window, will you?Lets go for a walk, shall we?Let us go

49、 for a walk, will you?3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：Sit down, please.請(qǐng)坐。Don't be nervous! 別緊張！4） 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如： What good news it is! 多好的消息?。ow good the news is!What beautiful flowers they are! 多美麗的花啊!How beautiful the flowers are!How lovely the c

50、hild is! 多可愛的小孩啊!What a lovely child he is! what a cute child he is（二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類：1） 簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。We all study hard.我們都努力學(xué)習(xí).I love sports very much. 我非常喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng).Mum made a beautiful skirt for me.媽媽為我做了一條漂亮的裙子.We elected him our class

51、 president.我們選了他做班長(zhǎng).There are more than 3000 students in our school. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生超過(guò)3000名.2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來(lái)的句子叫并列句.The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。 Lets hurry, or we will be late. 咱們趕緊點(diǎn),要不就遲到啦.He studied hard( ,) and he passed the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)并通過(guò)了考試.

52、He felt no fear, for he was very brave. 他很勇敢,毫不畏懼.He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了,所以他們很安靜.并列連詞及其分類.見步步高P323） 復(fù)合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。Do you know the man who is in the car? 你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在汽車?yán)锏娜藛?What he said

53、 is not true. 他說(shuō)的不是實(shí)話.I know its difficult to master a foreign language. 我知道學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)不容易.The question is whether he will join us next time.問(wèn)題是下次他是否跟我們一起干.The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation. 伊拉克可以在一兩周內(nèi)就可以拿下的這一想法是估計(jì)不足的想法.To get into university (= If you want to get into university) you have to pass a number of exams.進(jìn)入大學(xué),你必須通過(guò)一系列的考試.從屬