1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語句子成分劃分詳解（一）主語：就是一個句子陳述的對象，或是動作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰”“什么”的問題。如：我看書。誰看書？“我”?！拔摇本褪沁@句子的主語。主語由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。（如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作主語，主語從句）主語（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to belie

2、ve. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。如上句中主語“我”干什么？“看書”。“看書”就是謂語。 一個句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語（動詞）、賓語，表語，補(bǔ)語（包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)），定語，狀語，同位語等。 如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語（看）和賓語（書）。 謂語部分中心詞一定要是一

3、個動詞，要么是行為動詞，要么是系動詞，不同的動詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。 句子的各種時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語動詞上變。謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 賓語：指謂語動詞所涉及的對象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。如：還說上例。謂語動詞是“看”，看什么？看“書”，“書”是動詞“看”所涉及的對象，是“看”的賓語。 需要說明的是：只有及物動詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。賓語：1）動作的承受者-動賓 I like China.（名詞） He hates you.（

4、代詞） How many do you need? We need two.（數(shù)詞） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動名詞） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said?（賓語從句） 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物） He gave me

5、 a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.表語：是和系動詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動詞后面的就是表語，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。表語（predicative）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it.（代詞） Five and five is ten.（數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wal

6、l. (介詞短語) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞） To wear a flower is to say“Im poor, I cant buy a ring.（不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表語從句） （常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺）. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds s

7、trange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.定語：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，如 a tall boy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語?？勺鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）

8、He is our friend.（代詞）We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過去

9、分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）狀語：修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書?！霸跓粝隆笔菭钫Z。 補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的成份,補(bǔ)充說明主語的叫主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充賓語叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主語：he;謂語：made;賓語：me;賓補(bǔ)：laugh.補(bǔ)語和它補(bǔ)充說明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開。如：上句賓語me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，l

10、augh的動作是me來做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed,賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名）We will make them happy.（形容詞）We found nobody in. (副詞) Please make yourself at home.介詞短語）Dont let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to

11、teach the lazy boy a lesson.（帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ill have my bike repaired.（過去分詞） 主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.語法是句子的框架，學(xué)語法應(yīng)該說是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一個捷徑。相對而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)是個長期積累過程，詞匯積累更是如此。學(xué)習(xí)也要講究方法，活學(xué)活用，在運用

12、中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語言都有些相通的地方，結(jié)合母語對照學(xué)習(xí)也很有效。 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you wil

13、l pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 簡單句的五個基本句型主語 不及物動詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 She likes English.主語 系動詞 主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補(bǔ)動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angryThe teacher aske

14、d me to read the passage.（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it

15、 clear that he would leave the city 7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We

16、need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 2

17、0. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you

18、came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow. 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語 不及物動詞 ） 1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。

19、2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我們談了很多。 4會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。 8每天八時開始上課。 9這個盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京。 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 及物動詞 賓語 ） 1昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計劃。 5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 6那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 8 Jim還不會自己穿衣服。 9我們大家都相信Jack是一個誠實男孩。 10他不知道說什麼好

20、。 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 系動詞表語 ） 1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚長。 3布朗夫人看起來很健康。 4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5孩子們，請保持安靜。 6這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8他失業(yè)了。 9樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10這個報告聽起來很有意思。 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 ） 1 Johnson先生去年教我們德語。 2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。 4.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5.他把車票給列車員看。 6.這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 7.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8.

21、 Robinson Crusoe給自己做了一只小船。 9.請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ） 1我們叫她Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。 4他們把門推開了。 5他們把小偷釋放了。 6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7他請我們參加做游戲。 8我要你把真相告訴我。 9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 10明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。 11每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 13我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 14他每個月理一次發(fā)。 15我要請人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16那可怕的聲

22、音把孩子們嚇壞了 17她正在聽人家講故事。 18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 19我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 20他感到很難跟你交談。 21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學(xué)生要起立。24我認(rèn)為與那個人談話是無益的。 There be句型 1今晚沒有會。 2這個村子過去只有一口井。 3這個學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 5天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風(fēng)。 6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 8恰好那時房里沒人。 9從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。10公共汽車來了。 11就

23、只剩下二十八美元了。 12在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。 13鈴響了。 14二月份有二十八天。 KEYS 分析下列句子成分 1.主語 系動詞 表語 2.主語 系動詞 表語 3.主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 4.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 5.主語 及物動詞 賓語 6.主語 動詞 形式賓語it 賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語7.主語 及物動詞 賓語 8.主語 系動詞 表語 9.主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 10.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 11.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 12主語 及物動詞 賓語13.主語 及物動詞 賓語 14.主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 15.主語 系動詞 表語 16.主語 動

24、詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 17.主語 系動詞 表語 18.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語19.主語 不及物動詞 20.主語 不及物動詞 21.主語 系動詞 表語 22.主語 系動詞 表語 23.主語 及物動詞 賓語 24.主語 不及物動詞25.主語 及物動詞 賓語 26.主語 不及物動詞 27.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 28.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 29.主語 及物動詞 賓語 30.主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語 不及物動詞 ） 1You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday even

25、ing.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting will last two hours.5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes begin at eight every day.9Thi

26、s box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five years ago. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 及物動詞 賓語 ） 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6.That gent

27、lemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 系動詞 主語補(bǔ)語 ） 1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and th

28、e nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The rep

29、ort sounds interesting. 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 ） 1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary?5He showed the ticket to the conductor.6This term I have written three lette

30、rs to my parents.7My father has bought me a new bike. 8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me a new copy?10 Shall I call you a taxi? 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) （主語 賓補(bǔ)動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 ）1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.5They have s

31、et the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.13We wont

32、let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.15Ill get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it ve

33、ry difficult to talk with you.21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.24I thought it no use talking with that man There be句型 1There isnt going to

34、 be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 66The light is on. There must be someone ion

35、the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.13There goes th

36、e bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February 英語句子成分劃分詳解（二） 概念句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接和間接賓語）、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分（在英語中，一般句子必須有主語和謂語），表語、賓語和賓語的補(bǔ)足語是謂語里的組成部分。其他成份如定語和狀語是句子的次要成分。句子成分分類1主語 主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語來充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首

37、。如：講述“誰”We work in a big factory.講述“什么”The classroom is very big. 數(shù)詞作主語Three are enough. 三個人就夠了不定式作主語To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.從句作主語What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。如： It

38、 is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2謂語謂語時用來說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語必須是動詞，謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job.He can speak German.3表語 表語說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”，由

39、名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動詞后面。 形容詞作表語You look younger than before. 名詞作表語 My father is a teacher.副詞作表語Everyone is here.介詞短語作表語They are at the theatre.不定式作表語My job is to teach them English.動名詞作表語Her job is training the nurses.從句作表語That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.4賓語賓語是動作、行為的對

40、象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語或從句來充當(dāng)，它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動詞后面。有時，會有雙賓語。如：名詞作賓語He never forgives others for their mistakes.代詞做賓語He often helps me.不定式作賓語He likes to sleep in the open air.動名詞作賓語The Americans enjoyed living in China.從句做賓語I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接賓語和間接賓語及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟

41、賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當(dāng)。如：We brought them some food.主 謂 間賓 直賓間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to 或 for。5賓語的補(bǔ)足語 在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語.如:名詞作賓補(bǔ)If

42、 you let me go, Ill make you king.形容詞作賓補(bǔ)Dont make your hands dirty.副詞作賓補(bǔ)We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)I saw a girl go into the building.帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)The boy ordered the dog to lie down.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)The boss kept them working all day.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)Yesterday he got his l

43、eg broken.在英語中,常見的“賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：“賓語+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“賓語+形容詞”。常見的動詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We cant leave h

44、im alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?“賓語+副詞”。副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.“賓語+介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。如： We found everything in

45、 good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.“賓語+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read E

46、nglish in his room. C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，此時在該句型中的賓語即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關(guān)系。 I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.“賓語+過去分詞”。賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. 形式賓語形容詞 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.賓語+what 從句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The m