1、一些專業(yè)詞匯的中英文對(duì)照電路的基本概念及定律電源 source電壓源 voltage source電流源 current source理想電壓源 ideal voltage source理想電流源 ideal current source伏安特性 volt-ampere characteristic電動(dòng)勢(shì) electromotive force電壓 voltage電流 current電位 potential電位差 potential difference歐姆 Ohm伏特 Volt安培 Ampere瓦特 Watt焦耳 Joule電路 circuit電路元件 circuit element電阻 r

2、esistance電阻器 resistor電感 inductance電感器 inductor電容 capacitance電容器 capacitor電路模型 circuit model參考方向 reference direction參考電位 reference potential歐姆定律 Ohms law基爾霍夫定律 Kirchhoffs law基爾霍夫電壓定律 Kirchhoffs voltage law(KVL基爾霍夫電流定律 Kirchhoffs current law(KCL結(jié)點(diǎn) node支路 branch回路 loop網(wǎng)孔 mesh支路電流法 branch current analys

3、is網(wǎng)孔電流法 mesh current analysis結(jié)點(diǎn)電位法 node voltage analysis電源變換 source transformations疊加原理 superposition theorem網(wǎng)絡(luò) network無源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò) passive two-terminal network有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò) active two-terminal network戴維寧定理 Thevenins theorem諾頓定理 Nortons theorem開路(斷路open circuit短路 short circuit開路電壓 open-circuit voltage短路電流 short-

4、circuit current交流電路直流電路 direct current circuit (dc交流電路 alternating current circuit (ac正弦交流電路 sinusoidal a-c circuit平均值 average value有效值 effective value均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms瞬時(shí)值 instantaneous value電抗 reactance感抗 inductive reactance容抗 capacitive reactance法拉 Farad亨利 Henry阻抗 impedance復(fù)數(shù)阻抗 compl

5、ex impedance相位 phase初相位 initial phase相位差 phase difference相位領(lǐng)先 phase lead相位落后 phase lag倒相,反相 phase inversion頻率 frequency角頻率 angular frequency赫茲 Hertz相量 phasor相量圖 phasor diagram有功功率 active power無功功率 reactive power視在功率 apparent power功率因數(shù) power factor功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償 power-factor compensation串聯(lián)諧振 series resonance

6、并聯(lián)諧振 parallel resonance諧振頻率 resonance frequency頻率特性 frequency characteristic幅頻特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic 相頻特性 phase-frequency response characteristic截止頻率 cutoff frequency品質(zhì)因數(shù) quality factor通頻帶 pass-band帶寬 bandwidth (BW濾波器 filter一階濾波器 first-order filter二階濾波器 second-order filter低通濾波

7、器 low-pass filter高通濾波器 high-pass filter帶通濾波器 band-pass filter帶阻濾波器 band-stop filter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù) transfer function波特圖 Bode diagram傅立葉級(jí)數(shù) Fourier series三相電路三相電路 three-phase circuit三相電源 three-phase source對(duì)稱三相電源 symmetrical three-phase source對(duì)稱三相負(fù)載 symmetrical three-phase load相電壓 phase voltage相電流 phase current線電

8、壓 line voltage線電流 line current三相三線制 three-phase three-wire system三相四線制 three-phase four-wire system三相功率 three-phase power星形連接 star connection(Y-connection三角形連接 triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection中線 neutral line電路的暫態(tài)過程分析暫態(tài) transient state穩(wěn)態(tài) steady state暫態(tài)過程,暫態(tài)響應(yīng) transient response換路

9、定理 low of switch一階電路 first-order circuit三要素法 three-factor method時(shí)間常數(shù) time constant積分電路 integrating circuit微分電路 differentiating circuit磁路與變壓器磁場(chǎng)magnetic field磁通 flux磁路 magnetic circuit磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度 flux density磁通勢(shì) magnetomotive force磁阻 reluctance電動(dòng)機(jī)直流電動(dòng)機(jī) dc motor交流電動(dòng)機(jī) ac motor異步電動(dòng)機(jī) asynchronous motor同步電動(dòng)機(jī) syn

10、chronous motor三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī) three-phase asynchronous motor 單相異步電動(dòng)機(jī) single-phase asynchronous motor 旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng) rotating magnetic field定子 stator轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率 slip起動(dòng)電流 starting current起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩 starting torque額定電壓 rated voltage額定電流 rated current額定功率 rated power機(jī)械特性 mechanical characteristic繼電器-接觸器控制按鈕 button熔斷器 fuse開關(guān) sw

11、itch行程開關(guān) travel switch繼電器 relay接觸器 contactor常開(動(dòng)合觸點(diǎn) normally open contact常閉(動(dòng)斷觸點(diǎn) normally closed contact時(shí)間繼電器 time relay熱繼電器 thermal overload relay中間繼電器 intermediate relay可編程控制器(PLC可編程控制器 programmable logic controller語句表 statement list梯形圖 ladder diagram半導(dǎo)體器件本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsic semiconductor摻雜半導(dǎo)體doped sem

12、iconductorP型半導(dǎo)體 P-type semiconductorN型半導(dǎo)體 N-type semiconductor自由電子 free electron空穴 hole載流子 carriersPN結(jié) PN junction擴(kuò)散 diffusion漂移 drift二極管 diode硅二極管 silicon diode鍺二極管 germanium diode陽極 anode陰極 cathode發(fā)光二極管 light-emitting diode (LED光電二極管 photodiode穩(wěn)壓二極管 Zener diode晶體管(三極管 transistorPNP型晶體管 PNP transis

13、torNPN型晶體管 NPN transistor發(fā)射極 emitter集電極 collector基極 base電流放大系數(shù) current amplification coefficient場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 field-effect transistor (FETP溝道 p-channelN溝道 n-channel結(jié)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 junction FET(JFET金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS耗盡型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 depletion mode MOSFET(D-MOSFET增強(qiáng)型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 enhancement mode MOSFET(E-MOSF

14、ET源極 source柵極 grid漏極 drain跨導(dǎo) transconductance夾斷電壓 pinch-off voltage熱敏電阻 thermistor開路 open短路 shorted基本放大器放大器 amplifier正向偏置 forward bias反向偏置 backward bias靜態(tài)工作點(diǎn) quiescent point (Q-point等效電路 equivalent circuit電壓放大倍數(shù) voltage gain總的電壓放大倍數(shù) overall voltage gain飽和 saturation截止 cut-off放大區(qū) amplifier region飽和區(qū)

15、saturation region截止區(qū) cut-off region失真 distortion飽和失真 saturation distortion截止失真 cut-off distortion零點(diǎn)漂移 zero drift正反饋 positive feedback負(fù)反饋 negative feedback串聯(lián)負(fù)反饋 series negative feedback并聯(lián)負(fù)反饋 parallel negative feedback共射極放大器 common-emitter amplifier射極跟隨器 emitter-follower共源極放大器 common-source amplifier共

16、漏極放大器 common-drain amplifier多級(jí)放大器 multistage amplifier阻容耦合放大器 resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier 直接耦合放大器 direct- coupled amplifier輸入電阻 input resistance輸出電阻 output resistance負(fù)載電阻 load resistance動(dòng)態(tài)電阻 dynamic resistance負(fù)載電流 load current旁路電容 bypass capacitor耦合電容 coupled capacitor直流通路 direct curren

17、t path交流通路 alternating current path直流分量 direct current component交流分量 alternating current component變阻器(電位器rheostat電阻(器resistor電阻(值resistance電容(器capacitor電容(量capacitance電感(器,線圈inductor電感(量,感應(yīng)系數(shù)inductance正弦電壓 sinusoidal voltage集成運(yùn)算放大器及應(yīng)用差動(dòng)放大器 differential amplifier運(yùn)算放大器 operational amplifier(op-amp失調(diào)電壓

18、 offset voltage失調(diào)電流 offset current共模信號(hào) common-mode signal差模信號(hào) different-mode signal共模抑制比 common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR積分電路 integrator(circuit微分電路 differentiator(circuit有源濾波器 active filter低通濾波器 low-pass filter高通濾波器 high-pass filter帶通濾波器 band-pass filter帶阻濾波器 band-stop filter波特沃斯濾波器 Butterworth fi

19、lter切比雪夫?yàn)V波器 Chebyshev filter貝塞爾濾波器 Bessel filter截止頻率 cut-off frequency上限截止頻率 upper cut-off frequency下限截止頻率 lower cut-off frequency中心頻率 center frequency帶寬 Bandwidth開環(huán)增益 open-loop gain閉環(huán)增益 closed-loop gain共模增益 common-mode gain輸入阻抗 input impedance電壓跟隨器 voltage-follower電壓源 voltage source電流源 current sour

20、ce單位增益帶寬unity-gain bandwidth頻率響應(yīng) frequency response頻響特性(曲線response characteristic波特圖 the Bode plot穩(wěn)定性stability補(bǔ)償 compensation比較器 comparator遲滯比較器 hysteresis comparator階躍輸入電壓step input voltage儀表放大器 instrumentation amplifier隔離放大器 isolation amplifier對(duì)數(shù)放大器 log amplifier反對(duì)數(shù)放大器antilog amplifier反饋通道 feedbac

21、k path反向漏電流 reverse leakage current相位phase相移 phase shift鎖相環(huán) phase-locked loop(PLL鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測(cè)器 PLL phase detector和頻 sum frequency差頻 difference frequency波形發(fā)生電路振蕩器 oscillatorRC振蕩器 RC oscillatorLC振蕩器 LC oscillator正弦波振蕩器 sinusoidal oscillator三角波發(fā)生器 triangular wave generator方波發(fā)生器square wave generator幅度 magnit

22、ude電平level飽和輸出電平(電壓 saturated output level 功率放大器功率放大器 power amplifier交越失真 cross-over distortion甲類功率放大器 class A power amplifier乙類推挽功率放大器class B push-pull power amplifier OTL功率放大器 output transformerless power amplifier OCL功率放大器 output capacitorless power amplifier 直流穩(wěn)壓電源半波整流 full-wave rectifier全波整流 ha

23、lf-wave rectifier電感濾波器 inductor filter電容濾波器 capacitor filter串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源 series (voltage regulator開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源 switching (voltage regulator集成穩(wěn)壓器 IC (voltage regulator晶閘管及可控整流電路晶閘管 thyristor單結(jié)晶體管 unijunction transistor(UJT可控整流 controlled rectifier可控硅 silicon-controlled rectifier峰點(diǎn) peak point谷點(diǎn) valley point控制角

24、controlling angle導(dǎo)通角 turn-on angle門電路與邏輯代數(shù)二進(jìn)制 binary二進(jìn)制數(shù) binary number十進(jìn)制 decimal十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal二-十進(jìn)制 binary coded decimal (BCD門電路 gate三態(tài)門tri-state gate與門 AND gate或門 OR gate非門 NOT gate與非門 NAND gate或非門 NOR gate異或門 exclusive-OR gate反相器 inverter布爾代數(shù) Boolean algebra真值表 truth table卡諾圖 the Karnaugh map邏輯函數(shù) logic function邏輯表達(dá)式 logic expression組合邏輯電路組合邏輯電路 combination logic circuit譯碼器 decoder編碼器 coder比較器 comparator半加器 half-adder全加器 full-adder七段顯示器 seven-segment dis