1、精選文檔Unit 3, Book 1（New Horizon College English)Section A A Good Heart to Lean OnLanguage Points1. Analyses of some difficult sentences1) More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.Note: *more than I realized: beyond my realization 在句中為插入成分，解釋整個句子。*to keep ones balance: to keep steady, r

2、emain upright 保持平衡，站穩(wěn)Translation: 當時我沒有意識到，是父親幫我保持平衡。2) When we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. (L2)Note: This is an absolute construction. An absolute construction is usually formed by a noun plus an adjective, past or present participle or prepositional phrases

3、 etc. It is often used as an adverbial to modify a sentence. （這個句子中his hand on my arm為獨立主格結構。分詞的獨立結構一般由規(guī)律主語（名詞、代詞）+ 分詞（現在分詞、過去分詞）構成，可以表示時間、緣由、條件、方式或伴隨狀況等。但當分詞為being或having been時，being或having been可以省略。）3) He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it

4、 to the office even if others could not. Note: *sick: adj. 在此作主語的補語, 強調一種伴隨狀態(tài)。 *make it (to): to arrive somewhere in time or to succeed 成功地到達了某處或做成了某事情。Translation:不論生病還是遇到惡劣的天氣，他都去上班，幾乎沒有曠過一天工，即使別人無法上班，他也要去辦公室。4) Once there, he would cling to hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warm

5、er tunnel air kept free of ice. (L14) Note: * “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can be often be omitted. * to cling to: to hold someone or something tightly * free of: not containing something unpleasant; e.g.: free of war; free of charge;

6、free of violence Translation:一到那兒，他就緊抓著地鐵通道口的扶手/始終往下走/由于地鐵空氣溫存，下面幾級臺階沒有冰雪。5) When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. (L18)Note: *The key idea of the sentence is that I am amazed at his courage.*how much a

7、nd stress 是 how much 引導的賓語從句，在句中作marvel at 的賓語。 *must have taken 是對過去發(fā)生的事情做出確定的推想，語氣較強。 *take courage to do sth.: 鼓起士氣做某事 Translation:現在回想起來，我感到格外贊美。像他那樣一個成年人，得有多大的士氣才能經受這樣的屈辱和壓力。6) He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. (L21)Note:

8、 *talk about as: 說是 類似的結構有：think of as; consider to be *an object of pity: 令人憐憫的對象 *the + 形容詞：表示一類人或一類（事）物 *“Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to. Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order. （never和nor等有否定意

9、義或否定形式的詞或詞組居句首時句子用倒裝，不居句首時則用正常語序。類似的否定詞組還有：at no time; by no means; under no circumstance; in no way; in vain; on no consideration; no sooner than; not only but also; not until; etc.） Translation:他從不把自己當做被憐憫的對象，也從不嫉妒比自己幸運或能干的人。 7) Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to

10、judge people, even though I still dont know precisely what a “good heart” is. (L24)Note：*now that: 既然，由于。常用來引導緣由狀語從句，相當于since。*by which to judge people: 介詞(by)+ 關系代詞(which)引導的限制性定語，修飾standard。介詞+ which引導的定語從句的定語?？赊D化成不定式作定語的形式，即把介詞轉換至謂語動詞之后，并可省略which。換言之，這部分可轉化為a proper standard to judge people by。Tr

11、anslation:隨著年齡的增長，我信任那是一種用來推斷人的恰當的標準，盡管我還不能精確地知道什么是一顆“善心”。8) Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. (L27)Note：*unable to engage: a phrase showing concession. In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a

12、sentence, to show reason, concession, etc. （此句unable to engage in many activities部分為分詞短語，意思是although he was unable，在句中作狀語，表示讓步。分詞還可以作時間、緣由、方式、條件、結果、目的等狀語。值得留意的是“分詞being + 形容詞、名詞、介詞短語”結構可以放在主語前（最自然），主語后（較文氣），也可放在句尾，這種用法的being?？墒÷裕?e.g. 那男孩樂意接受，點頭表示同意。Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.9) On

13、 one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasnt content to sit and watch, but he couldnt stand unaided on the soft sand.Note：*with everyone punching and shoving: with+分詞獨立主格結構作整個句子的伴隨狀語。 10) “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this

14、, too, if things had been different.”Note：*后半句話中的主句和從句都使用了虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反。意思是：if I had been as healthy as you instead of being crippled, I could have joined the Navy too. *thing表示“狀況，事情”2. Analyses of some near synonyms1) pace & step這兩個名詞均可表示“步”。其區(qū)分是：step指腳步提起來放下去，強調動作，有輕重、長短和美麗與否之分；而pace指身體向前移動強調距離,

15、有快慢和從容與否之分。Exercise:He rose to his feet and took a couple of _ towards her.The runner collapsed just a few _ from the finish.* pace & speed這兩個名詞均含“速度、速率”之意。speed一般用詞，指單位時間內行進的固定速度或速率，也指可能達到的最高速度。pace一般用詞，指步行的速度，常引申指活動的進度或生產率。Exercise:When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened he

16、r _. The car has a top _ of 155 miles per hour.2) envy & admire 這兩個詞都可譯為“艷羨”，但含義并不相同：envy不僅含有“艷羨別人所擁有的東西或品質”的意思，而且進一步有“我也要擁有”的含義。Exercise:How I _you! I wish I could make my hair curl like that.3) content & contented & satisfied*這三個詞的共同意思是“滿足的，滿足的”。其區(qū)分是：content表示“甘心的,甘愿的”。contented指安于現狀已無他求，有“知足”的意味。

17、satisfied表示某事完全滿足了個人的心愿、欲望、需要或要求，有樂觀開心的意味在內。從用法上看，content多用作表語，后面還可接不定式。contented可用作表語或定語。satisfied多用作表語,很少作定語。Exercise:She is quite_to live at home with her parents.A_person is happy with what he has.We are_with the smoothness of the negotiation. 4) urge & persuade 這兩個動詞均有“勸告、勸導、勸誘”之意。其區(qū)分是：urge的基本意

18、思是“力勸”“敦促”，指外部或內部的影響或壓力激勵某人達到明確的目的。引申可表示“猛烈要求”等。 persuade的基本意思是“說服”，指通過曉之以理或動之以情的各種方法如勸告、辯論、懇求等，能使或已使某人信任某事或者接受某建議而做或不做某事。強調不僅“說”，而且使之“服”。假如只表示“說服”這種動作，而不知對方已經或者能否“服”，則不用persuade，應當用try/want to persuade。 Exercise:He is trying to _ local and foreign businesses to invest in the project.If she doesnt w

19、ant to go, nothing you can say will _ her.We all _ him to go ahead with his plan.3. English Equivalents of Chinese 依靠lean on 保持心態(tài)平衡keep ones balance 覺得做某事很尷尬be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 泄漏，表露let on 協(xié)調步伐coordinate ones step 定好步速set the pace 適應adjust to 帶病上班go to work sick 準時趕到辦公室make it to the offi

20、ce 引以為榮的事be a matter of pride 緊抓扶手cling to the handrail 沒有冰free of ice 對很驚異be amazed at 使自己患病屈辱和壓力subject oneself to shame and stress 毫無怨言without complaint 表現出艷羨show envy of 在某人身上查找look forin sb. 用于推斷人的標準standards by which to judge people 參與很多活動engage in/participate in many activities 以某種方式 in some

21、way 使正常運轉keepgoing 一個見多識廣的棒球迷an knowledgeable baseball fan 享受做的樂趣 have a good time doing 有一次on one occasion 突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)break out 滿足于be content to do sth./with sth. 敦促某人做某事urge sb. to do sth. （在拳擊中）假裝被擊倒take a dive 休假on leave 務必做到see to it that 因一些瑣事而埋怨complain about trifles 嫉妒be envious of 重新找回某人的平衡rega

22、in ones balance4. Word Using1) lean on: depend on for support and encouragemente.g. We always lean on our parents when we are in trouble. 我們有困難時總尋求父母的支持。2) be embarrassed to: feel uncomfortable to e.g. I am embarrassed to speak in the public. 要在公共場合說話,我總覺得不拘束。3) adjust to: change a little to make ri

23、ght or suitable for a particular situation or purposee.g. I quickly adjusted to college life without parental protection. 我很快就適應了沒有父母的高校生活。4) despite (+ n./-ing): in spite of; althoughe.g. Despite our strong opposition, he insisted on going. 雖然我們極力勸阻，他還是堅持要去。5) free of: enjoying person rights or lib

24、erty; not containing something unpleasant e.g. Dont interrupt him; hes been writing away all morning and likes to have a long period free of other considerations. 別打攪他，他已不停地寫了一上午了。他寵愛有段較長的時間不受其它事情的干擾。 He wished to live a life entirely free of trouble. 他期望過一種完全沒有苦惱的生活。6) make it: to arrive somewhere

25、in time for sth.；be successful at sth.e.g. Theres some time before the train leaves. I think we shall make it if we hurry. 離火車開車還有些時間，我想假如我們盡快就能趕上。 It is hard to make it to the top in show business. 想在演藝圈出人頭地，并非易事。7) subject to: open to; cause to experience or suffere.g. The scientists subjected the product to a number of severe tests. 科學家對這種產品進行了數次嚴格的測試。8) in some way: in a certain mannerin some way = in a way; in no way 決不能 e.g. _, he is right in saying so.在某種程度上，他這樣說是對的。You can _ allow this situation to continue.你決不能允許這種狀況再連續(xù)下去。9) be content to: be happy or satisfiede.g. Hes p