1、An Overview of Animal Identification in Relation to Food Safety and Animal HealthIntroduction簡(jiǎn)介nAcknowledgement to Dr. Robert Fourdrainen致謝：Robert Fourdraine博士Why ID animals? 為什么要作個(gè)體識(shí)別？nProducer - Herd management/Biosecurity生產(chǎn)者畜群管理/生物安全nUniversities - Research/Genetics大學(xué)科研/遺傳nGovernment - Health pro

2、grams/Emergency management政府健康計(jì)劃/緊急措施The real issue:真正的問(wèn)題：nConsumers - Consumer Confidence消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者的自信心Consumer Confidence 消費(fèi)者的自信心消費(fèi)者的自信心nEurope 歐洲nFoot and Mouth Disease (Early 2001)口蹄疫（2001年初）nBSE “Mad Cow” Disease (Ongoing since late 1980s)瘋牛?。◤氖攀兰o(jì)八十年代持續(xù)至今）nJapan日本nBSE “Mad Cow” Disease (Late 2001)

3、瘋牛病（2001年末）nUSA美國(guó)nHazard of Pathogens (E-Coli/Salmonella)病原體危機(jī)（大腸桿菌/沙門(mén)氏菌）nBSE 瘋牛病Food Safety食品安全1)Prevention of a crisis 預(yù)防危機(jī)發(fā)生-Control the borders 控制國(guó)境線(xiàn)-Food inspection食品監(jiān)察-Best management practices最佳管理措施2)Reaction to a crisis危機(jī)發(fā)生后的反應(yīng)-Response time is critical 回應(yīng)時(shí)間非常重要-Does China have a better ID s

4、ystem today then 5 years ago? 中國(guó)的個(gè)體識(shí)別體系比5年前有進(jìn)展嘛？3)Assess economic impact評(píng)估經(jīng)濟(jì)影響- Mandatory versus Non-mandatory強(qiáng)制性與非限制性The Ultimate Goal? 最終目標(biāo)？Or, Should we start here? 或者應(yīng)該從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始？Birth 出生出生Market市場(chǎng)市場(chǎng)Slaughter屠宰屠宰If so, what do we need first?如果開(kāi)始，首如果開(kāi)始，首先需要什么？先需要什么？nUnify Animal ID programs, and link

5、animal recording systems to meet the needs of the industry 統(tǒng)一個(gè)體標(biāo)識(shí)計(jì)劃，把個(gè)體記錄系統(tǒng)與奶業(yè)需求聯(lián)系起來(lái)nAddress the issue of electronic data flow, database administration and accessibility to ID systems and methods解決個(gè)體識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的電子數(shù)據(jù)流、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理和個(gè)體識(shí)別數(shù)據(jù)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)問(wèn)題以及處理辦法nDesign and test methods to cost effectively track animals from far

6、m to market and market to slaughter設(shè)計(jì)并檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芨咝Ц檪€(gè)體從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到市場(chǎng)和從市場(chǎng)到屠宰場(chǎng)的過(guò)程的方法The answer is: F.A.I.R答案就是FAIR系統(tǒng)nModel for a National Identification System全國(guó)個(gè)體識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的模式nEndorsed by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding由奶牛育種委員會(huì)認(rèn)可nPilot project coordinated by Holstein Association and funded by a cooperative agreement

7、 between USDA-APHIS VS領(lǐng)航計(jì)劃，由荷斯坦牛協(xié)會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)， USDA-APHIS VS共同協(xié)議資助nPilot states are: New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, California試行州包括：紐約州、賓夕法尼亞州、威斯康星州和加利福尼亞州nPilot started in 1999, 領(lǐng)航計(jì)劃始于1999年n120,000 animals recorded120,000個(gè)體登記n75,000 with RFID75,000個(gè)體使用無(wú)線(xiàn)電頻率（RFID）標(biāo)識(shí)What issues does FAIR Address?FAIR解決了什么

8、問(wèn)題？食品安全食品安全動(dòng)物健康動(dòng)物健康遺傳改良遺傳改良貿(mào)易貿(mào)易生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈生產(chǎn)鏈Definitions 定義Premise ID: 固定資產(chǎn)編號(hào)固定資產(chǎn)編號(hào)Unique ID within a state that provides a location of the production unit (provided by state department). Combined with 2 character State code this should be unique across the country.在州內(nèi)唯一的編號(hào)，說(shuō)明生產(chǎn)單元所在地（由州政府提

9、供）。與本州的兩個(gè)縮寫(xiě)字母編號(hào)組合在一起形成全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的獨(dú)特編碼。for example例如: NY 23123American ID:個(gè)體編號(hào)個(gè)體編號(hào)Country Code 國(guó)家編號(hào)3 characters 3個(gè)字符ID number個(gè)體編號(hào)12 characters (alpha numeric) starting at 50,000,000 12個(gè)字符（數(shù)字）從50,000,000開(kāi)始For example例如: USA 60000012Fair Project FAIR計(jì)劃nPhase 1) Determine the animals origin第一階段確定個(gè)體來(lái)源nEstablis

10、h a farm premise 建立農(nóng)場(chǎng)資產(chǎn)號(hào)nAllocation of American ID to a Farm 將美國(guó)個(gè)體統(tǒng)一編號(hào)使用到農(nóng)場(chǎng)中nPhase 2) Track animals第二階段追蹤個(gè)體nCross reference RFID tag with American ID將RFID耳標(biāo)與美國(guó)個(gè)體編號(hào)聯(lián)系nInstall electronic readers at various production points在各生產(chǎn)部門(mén)安裝電子識(shí)別器Identification Methods 識(shí)別方法nVisible ID 可見(jiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)nHerd management ID牛群管理

11、標(biāo)識(shí)nAmerican ID美國(guó)標(biāo)識(shí)nPremise ID資產(chǎn)標(biāo)識(shí)nElectronic ID電子標(biāo)識(shí)nRFID tag used in conjunction with visible IDRFID與可見(jiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)聯(lián)合使用Phase 1)第一階段nObtain Premise ID 獲得資產(chǎn)標(biāo)識(shí)nOrder Visible ID (and RFID) tags定購(gòu)可見(jiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)（和RFID標(biāo)識(shí)）nAssign American IDs to Premise賦予某資產(chǎn)以美國(guó)標(biāo)識(shí)nLoad FAIR database下載FAIR數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)nObtain RFID numbers from manufacture

12、r從制造商處獲得RFID的編號(hào)nLoad RFID numbers and cross-reference with American ID下載RFID號(hào)，并與美國(guó)標(biāo)識(shí)相聯(lián)系nID animal in FAIR (Species, Breed,DOB, Sex, etc)FAIR計(jì)劃中的個(gè)體標(biāo)識(shí)（品系，品種，出生日期，性別，等等）Phase 2)第二階段nInstall RFID Reader at Markets在市場(chǎng)上安裝RFID閱讀器nInstall RFID Reader at Packing Plants在包裝廠(chǎng)安裝RFID閱讀器nDevelop Information System

13、開(kāi)發(fā)信息系統(tǒng)Information System信息系統(tǒng)nObtain data from various sources via:從以下各信息來(lái)源獲得數(shù)據(jù)：nPC-based Software developed by FAIRFAIR開(kāi)發(fā)的個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)使用的軟件nFarm ID data 農(nóng)場(chǎng)個(gè)體識(shí)別數(shù)據(jù)nMarket/Packing Plant 市場(chǎng)/包裝廠(chǎng)nHandheld-based Software developed by FAIR FAIR開(kāi)發(fā)的手持電腦使用的軟件nFarm RFID tagging and health data 農(nóng)場(chǎng)RFID耳標(biāo)和健康數(shù)據(jù)nData stored on Unix system with Informix database數(shù)據(jù)存貯在Unix系統(tǒng)的Informix數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)nInformation can be accessed via 數(shù)據(jù)可通過(guò)以下網(wǎng)址訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Lookup an Animal查找一個(gè)個(gè)體Animals at Premise農(nóng)場(chǎng)個(gè)體Animal Contacts個(gè)體聯(lián)系X XF.A.I.R Applied! FAIR已