1、必修 5 Unitl Great scientistsPart 1. Warming upexplain及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)解釋;說明;闡明(+to)+wh-+(that)He explained that he had been cheated.他解釋說他是上當(dāng)受騙了。Can you explain how the machine operates將能解釋下這機(jī)器是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 的嗎？Please explain this rule to me請(qǐng)給我講解一下這條規(guī)則。(vi.)解釋;說明;辯解I've got to explain about it.我得解釋一下此事。characteris

2、ticn. 特征； 特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj.獨(dú)特的 I heard my friend ' s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin.如此遲鈍是他的特性。3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward提出(建議等)；提名；提前，把時(shí)鐘往前撥He put forward a new plan.他提出一個(gè)

3、新計(jì)劃。歸納拓展put down記下；鎮(zhèn)壓put out關(guān)掉；熄滅put aside放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留 put off推遲；延期put up建造；舉起；張貼 put on穿上put away 收好選詞填空(put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out ) The plan that you at the meeting is wonderful. Many tall buildings were along the road. Firefighters have been called to the fire in the city cen

4、ter. He has a little money to for a rainy day. Don' t until tomorrow what can be done today.1 . Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea為疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。We haven' t decided where to go我們還沒有決定去哪里。The question is when to leave.問題是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。2 .

5、draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論conclusion作名詞，意為 結(jié)束，結(jié)論”in conclusion 最后I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo最后，我對(duì)我的東 京之行說幾句。3 ) conclude作動(dòng)詞，結(jié)束；斷定；決定to conclude (作插入語)最后，作為總結(jié)(=to sum up)To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.4 .John Snow was a famous doctor in London

6、 so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰 斯諾是倫敦位著名的醫(yī) 生一一他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，以至于成了照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。expert n. 專家， 能手 an expert in psychology(心理學(xué)) an agricultural expertadj.熟練的，有專門技術(shù)的an expert job 需專門知識(shí)的工作He is expert in / at cooking.attend vt. &vi參力口，注意，照料 be present at 參力口

7、 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候，照顧，看護(hù)The queen had a good doctor attending (on ) her.Dr Smith attended her in hospital.Mother had to attend to her sick son.attend to處理，注意傾聽Can you attend to the matter immediately?I may be late I have got one

8、or two things to attend to.4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí)，他就感到很 振奮。(1) exposed to cholera在句中是過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)。意為 患 霍亂的”。如：The book written by Luxun is very popular.魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smi

9、th.昨天我們看見的那個(gè)人是 史密斯教授。(2) expose 暴露 expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun.他把皮膚暴露 在陽(yáng)光下。 揭露He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.對(duì)貪官 污吏的罪行一定要毫無保留地予以揭發(fā)。exposed adj.暴露的， 暴露于風(fēng)雨中的， 無掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，顯露expose sth. to the light

10、 of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿騙局練習(xí)： The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party thatnight.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded5.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.對(duì)于它的起因和治療方法人 們都不清楚。neither.nor.既不也不，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。 I neither knew nor cared

11、what had happened to him.我既不知道也不關(guān)心他 出了什么事。 Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeti ng next week.法國(guó)和英國(guó)者B 將不會(huì)參加下星期的會(huì)議。 Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.=Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film吉姆和她的父母都沒有看過這 部電影。cure vt.治療，治愈，改正n.治療,治愈,治療法cure sb (of sth)治好了某人(的.，.)The only

12、way to cure backache is to rest.治療背痛的唯一辦法是休息。That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever.那沉重教訓(xùn)根除 了他凡事愛打聽的毛病。This illness cannot be cured easily.這種病不好治.a cure for sth.治療的方法;解決問題，改善困境Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌癥迄今有無有效的治療方法 ？The prices are going up every day, but there is n

13、o cure for rising prices.6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 人們既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治療。每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬驚恐 的人病死。(1)本句為復(fù)合句，“ So many thousands of terrified people died 為主句，”every time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是 每當(dāng)：(2)有些名詞短語或副詞可以起連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如： every time, each time, the last time

14、, next time, the moment, the minute , immediately, instantly 等。 Every time/Each time I express an opinion, she argues bac廨當(dāng)我發(fā)表意 見時(shí)，她總是反駁。 I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到這里就感到耳目一新。The last time I saw him , he was quite well.我最后一次看到他時(shí)，他還相 當(dāng)健

15、康。 Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你見到J你父親 時(shí)，請(qǐng)代我向他致以最好的問候。拓展延伸(1)for the first time是介詞短語，常用作時(shí)間狀語，而 the first time是連詞， 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。(2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is,從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果前面 用was,則從句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí).(3)It ' s (high) time thOi句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should +動(dòng)詞原形。It ' s high time we too

16、k immediate action to prevent polluti噴至U我們立即采取 措施阻止污染的時(shí)候了。7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖，像 一股危險(xiǎn)氣體在空中到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggest v.建議； 暗示； 表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.May

17、suggested a picnic at the weekend.He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.I suggested leaving early for the airport.He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.*suggest (暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語氣。The smi

18、le on her face suggested that she agreed with me.The look on his face suggested that he was happy.8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorb vt.(1)專注，聚精會(huì)神be absorbed in= put one ' s hteato 集中精力做某事I was absorbed in a

19、book and didn' t hearysur co# 書，沒聽至U你的電話。Absorbed in his work, Tom simply forgot food and sleep.湯姆專心工作，幾乎 忘記了吃飯和睡覺。(2)吸收，把吸收入(absorbinto)Black cloth absorbs light 黑布吸收光線。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give hini B 個(gè)聰明 的男孩把他老師所能教他的所有知識(shí)都理解了。9 .John Snow suspected that t

20、he second theory was correct but he needed evidence約翰斯諾推測(cè)第二種說法是正確的，但需要有證據(jù)。suspect vt.認(rèn)為，懷疑常用短語： suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.They suspect him to be the murderer.(ftH門懷疑他是兇手 )She suspected him of taking her money.n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子C10 .,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 peop

21、le died in ten days.severe adj.嚴(yán)厲地；苛刻的；嚴(yán)格的be severe with/on 對(duì).嚴(yán)格/嚴(yán)厲 You are too severe on the boy.劇痛的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)重的 a severe attack of toothache牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作adv. severely11 .Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下來，約翰 斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街上的水源。look into調(diào)查，了解，研究；朝里面看與 one' s face/ey嘴

22、連用，表示 注視”He looks into her face with great interest. 他饒有興趣地注視著她的臉。和100k組成的其他短語look around/about 環(huán)顧四周look back回頭看look down upon輕視，瞧不起look forward to (doing) 盼望look on/uponas 把看作look through 瀏覽look up to sb.尊敬/仰慕某人look after照顧；照料look back on回顧；回想look for 尋求；尋找look on旁觀look out往外看；注意；當(dāng)心look up抬頭看；查看12

23、. It seemed that the water was to blame.看來要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。blame v.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把歸咎于n.過失；責(zé)備；（過失、過錯(cuò)等）責(zé)任blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.為某事責(zé)備某人 /責(zé)備某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.blame sth. on sb./ sth.把某事歸咎于某人；因某事而指責(zé)某人The police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless driving.be to bl

24、ame for（doing）sth .因（做）某事某人應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)； 注意 :be to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. accept / bear / take the blame for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.put / lay the blame for sth. on sb.將某事歸咎于某人1 3.In another part of London, he found

25、supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在倫敦的另一地區(qū)，他從另 外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。link vt.連接；聯(lián)系n.環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶14 .A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every da廠個(gè)婦女， 從布洛

26、 德街搬走了，但她非常喜歡水泵的水，她讓人每天從水泵給她家送水。15 . With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用這個(gè)額外證據(jù)，約翰 斯諾就可以很有把 握地宣布污染水?dāng)y帶病菌。announce vt.（1）宣布，宣告（決定、計(jì)劃等）announce sth.（to sb.）（向某人）宣布、通告某事announce that.宣布； 通知 It is announced that.據(jù)宣布 Please announc

27、e to your class that there will be no school tomorrow請(qǐng)通知你 們班明天不上學(xué)。It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon®官方消息稱，他不久將再次來中國(guó)訪問。(2)(事情)顯示；預(yù)告The bright flowers announced that spring was here 鮮艷的花朵顯示春天已經(jīng) 來到。拓展延伸 announcement n. 宣布； 口頭通知 announcer n.播音員make an an

28、nouncement 下通知16 .To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰 斯諾建議, 所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測(cè)。prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 或 keep.from doing sth.意為 阻止做某事” What can we do to prevent the disease spreading.我們能做什么來防止這種 疾病蔓延呢? We shoul

29、d take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止這條河受到進(jìn)一步的污染。examine v.檢查；細(xì)查；診察；審問；盤問The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.The lawyer examined the witness.examination n. 考試； 檢查；名田查take an examination 參力口考試 medical examination 體檢under ex

30、amination 在檢查中；在審查中17 . Finally “King Cholera ” waHdeffeted于被擊敗了。辨析win, beat 與 defeatwin贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat戰(zhàn)勝”擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與 defeat互換We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.P

31、art 3. Learning about Languagetake in收留；包括take相關(guān)短語：take after 相似take apart把（小型機(jī)器、鐘表等）拆開;拆散take away 拿走take back承認(rèn)說錯(cuò)了（話），收回（諾言，話語）；使回憶起；送回，還回去;退（貨）take off脫下，脫去（尤指衣服）;解（拿）掉-put on （反義詞）；（飛機(jī)等）升空，起 飛take on雇用；開始具有/呈現(xiàn)（某種品質(zhì)、面貌等）;露出；接受（工作等）;承 擔(dān)債任等）take out帶（某人）去（某處參加社交活動(dòng)等）；正式取得，領(lǐng)得,獲得；洗去（污 跡）,使褪色take over接

32、手，接任;接管take up開始花時(shí)間從事（某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)）;對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣；開始學(xué)習(xí)（某課程）,選修; （事物或事件）占用了（時(shí)間或空間）；接受的建議；繼續(xù)take - for granted!當(dāng)然認(rèn)為（會(huì)是某種情況），認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的；認(rèn)為沒 有問題take -for instance / exampl以為例take into account / considerations慮至U,把考慮進(jìn)去take pride in / be proud of 為感至U自豪/ 驕傲take revenge on 向報(bào)復(fù)take one's place 代替某人take the opportunity 利用

33、這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)take turns輪流（做某事）2 . construction n.建設(shè)；建筑業(yè)；建造He works in construction industry. 他在建筑行業(yè)工作。There are two new hotels under construction. 有兩家新飯店正在興建。詞組擴(kuò)展：construction workers建筑工人under construction 正在建設(shè)中3 .apart from有兩種含義：1）相當(dāng)于besides意為 除以外（還包括）”Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign la

34、nguages as well.除了母語外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語。2）相當(dāng)于except.意為 除以外（不包括）”I like all the subjects apart from English除了英語外，我喜歡所有學(xué)科。過去分詞作定語1）語法功能過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。被修飾 的詞是分詞所表示的行為的承受者；在邏輯上，它們是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.The lecture given by Professor Zhang i

35、s about environment protection.The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.a.單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面the affected people受感染的人a broken heart一顆破碎的心a lost dog喪家之犬a(chǎn) broken glassy打破的玻璃杯Attention : 過去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody,

36、those等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.b.過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholerathe machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last yearc.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)，只表完成。a risen sun

37、已升起的太陽(yáng)the gone days 逝去的時(shí)光fallen leaves 落葉現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞作定語，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，（或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性）。The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.對(duì)比：the changing world （正在變化的）the changed world （變化了的）boiling water （正在沸騰的）boiled water （已經(jīng)沸騰過的）fading flowers（正在凋謝的）faded flowers （已經(jīng)凋謝的

38、）a developing country（發(fā)展中的）a developed country （發(fā)達(dá)的）a drowning man快要淹死的人a drowned man已經(jīng)淹死的人falling leaves正在飄落的樹葉fallen leaves落葉a retired worker 退休工人an escaped prisoner逃3巳3）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式（being done）都可以表示 被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者 則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being d

39、iscussed過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語的狀態(tài)All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.He looked worried after reading the letter.常見作表語的過去分詞有： disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed

40、, lost 等。注息過去分詞作表語時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意思明顯不 同，前者說明主語的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。My glasses are broken我的眼鏡碎了。（狀態(tài)）My glasses were broken by my so俄的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動(dòng)作）1. The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party thatnight.A. recordedB. recording C. to be recorded D. havingrecorded2. Linda w

41、orked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being known D. to beknown3. Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to invite C. being invited D. had beeninvited4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers b

42、yher mother.A.buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought5. Don ' t use words, expressions or phrases only to people with specificknowledge.A.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. knownA. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened7. Cleaning women in big cities get by the hour.A

43、.pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.A.separated B. spared C. lost D. missed9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane wasmaking a landing.A.seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating10. Sarah, hurry up. I ' m afraid you c

44、an ' t have time to before the pA.get changedB. get change C. get changing D. get tochangePart 4. Using LanguageAlthough he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)據(jù)，然而他所有的數(shù)字計(jì) 算都得出了一個(gè)相同的結(jié)論lead to導(dǎo)致，通向His carelessness led to the acciden他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場(chǎng)事故。All roads lead to Rome條條大路通羅馬。該短語中to為介詞。類似的短語還有：be used to stick to look forward to devote onesele to pay attentio to2.Only if you put the sun there d