1、構(gòu)建讀寫結(jié)合新常態(tài)，積極應對新高考寫作構(gòu)建讀寫結(jié)合新常態(tài)，積極應對新高考寫作概要寫作初探概要寫作初探黃巖中學黃巖中學 楊謝友楊謝友一、概要寫作簡述1. 概念與調(diào)查才干2. 調(diào)查內(nèi)容與要求3. 寫作現(xiàn)狀簡析4. 根本步驟與技巧二、備考想象1. 分階段指點，力求循序漸進2. 注重語篇教學，讀后概要寫作3. 拓寬寫作途徑，構(gòu)建讀寫新常態(tài)1. 概念與調(diào)查才干A summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details. 摘要是一種對原始文獻或文章的根本內(nèi)容進展?jié)饪s的語義摘要是一種對原始文獻或

2、文章的根本內(nèi)容進展?jié)饪s的語義銜接的短文銜接的短文. . 調(diào)查才干調(diào)查才干: 閱讀了解才干閱讀了解才干, 分析判別才干，概括才干，表達才干分析判別才干，概括才干，表達才干中對閱讀了解要求的描畫：1了解主旨和要義 任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義，從這一段或這個句子讀者會知道文章描畫的是誰或什么即文章的主題，亦會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時，文章的主旨要義那么需從文章的字里行間進展推斷。這類試題主要調(diào)查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的才干，它對考生的歸納、概括才干有一定的要求。5了解文章的根本構(gòu)造 英語文章講究運用主題段和主題句。

3、主題段通常在文章開頭，簡要概括 文章的中心思想，主題句能夠在一段的開頭，也能夠在中間或末尾，作 用是交待該段的中心思想，再由全段展開或討論這一主題。各個段落通常由某些起銜接作用的詞語銜接，以使文章行文銜接。假設(shè)希望準確、深化地了解一篇文章，必需對文章的構(gòu)造有所了解，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯。6了解作者的意圖、觀念和態(tài)度 每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳送某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來的，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在了解文章總體內(nèi)容的根底上，去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意。2. 調(diào)查內(nèi)容與要求調(diào)查內(nèi)容與要求題型題型

4、2：概要寫作。提供一篇：概要寫作。提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求學詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求學生基于該短文寫出一篇生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容摘要。閱卷詞左右的內(nèi)容摘要。閱卷時將主要思索以下內(nèi)容：時將主要思索以下內(nèi)容：1對原文要點的了解和呈現(xiàn)情況；對原文要點的了解和呈現(xiàn)情況；2運用語法構(gòu)造和詞匯的準確性；運用語法構(gòu)造和詞匯的準確性；3上下文的銜接性；上下文的銜接性；4對各要點表達的獨立性情況。對各要點表達的獨立性情況。評分原那么評分原那么1. 此題總分為此題總分為25分，按分，按5個檔次給分。個檔次給分。2. 評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和言語初評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和言語初步確定其所

5、屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3. 詞數(shù)少于詞數(shù)少于40的和多于的和多于80的，從總分中減去的，從總分中減去2分。分。4. 評分時，應主要從以下四個方面思索：評分時，應主要從以下四個方面思索： 1對原文要點的了解和呈現(xiàn)情況；對原文要點的了解和呈現(xiàn)情況；2運用語法構(gòu)造和詞匯的準確性；運用語法構(gòu)造和詞匯的準確性；3上下文的銜接性；上下文的銜接性；4對各要點表達的獨立性情況。對各要點表達的獨立性情況。5. 拼寫與標點符號是言語準確性的一個重要拼寫與標點符號是言語準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應視其對交

6、際的程度予以方面，評分時，應視其對交際的程度予以思索。思索。6. 如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數(shù)降低如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。一個檔次。第五檔第五檔21-2521-25分要求分要求n了解準確，涵蓋全部要點了解準確，涵蓋全部要點;n能準確運用相應的語法構(gòu)造和詞匯能準確運用相應的語法構(gòu)造和詞匯;n有效地運用了語句間的銜接成分，使所完成的概要有效地運用了語句間的銜接成分，使所完成的概要n構(gòu)造緊湊構(gòu)造緊湊;n完全運用本人的言語。完全運用本人的言語。3. 寫作現(xiàn)狀簡析寫作現(xiàn)狀簡析典型問題內(nèi)容上：要點脫漏或客觀添加；概括不到位言語上：不夠簡約; 根本錯誤多構(gòu)造上：缺乏銜接；改動構(gòu)造S

7、tep 1. Determine the type of writing and identify the topic as well as the authors purposeStep 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each partStep 3. Highlight the key information of each partStep 4. Make an outline of the passage Step 5. Write the first draftStep 6. Revise the summ

8、ary4.4.根本步驟與技巧根本步驟與技巧 提煉提煉內(nèi)容內(nèi)容 整合整合 刪除細節(jié)刪除詳細例子援用一兩個闡明問題即可防止反復 同義轉(zhuǎn)換同義轉(zhuǎn)換: 近義詞、同義詞等交換近義詞、同義詞等交換言語言語 句子重構(gòu)句子重構(gòu): 調(diào)整詞類、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等調(diào)整詞類、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等 邏輯：銜接照應、替代、省略、銜接和詞匯銜邏輯：銜接照應、替代、省略、銜接和詞匯銜接接 技巧技巧Common transitional wordsTime-Sequence first, later, next, then, finallyExamplefor example, for instance, such asListingfir

9、st, second, last, another, nextContinuationalso, in addition, and, further, besidesContrastbut, however, on the other hand, yet, in contrast, nevertheless, otherwiseComparisonsimilarly, likewise, also, likeCause-Effectbecause, thus, therefore, since, hence, consequently,Condition - resultif then; if

10、 therefore二、備考想象二、備考想象1.分階段指點，力求循序漸進分階段指點，力求循序漸進M1U4: Writing a summary of a passage means looking for the main idea of each part and putting it down in a sentence. Look at each paragraph of the reading passage and write down its main idea. Para.1: Before the earthquake strange things began to happe

11、n but no one paid attention to them.Para.2: The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan.Para. 3: The people were very shocked at the destruction.Para. 4: The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.Summary:_ lawyer guidance legal hopeful vote attack fight violence equal blow

12、up out of work as a matter of fact reach a stage where According to these key words, write a summary about Elias Story: _M1U5: Elias StoryM4U3: A master of non-verbal humorWhy people needed cheering upWhat Charlies childhood was likeWhat his most famous character was likeAn example of a sad situatio

13、n that he made funnyHis achievementsIn Britain and America people were feeling miserable because of the bad economic situation. Charlie understood their problems. His character “the little tramp was poor and homeless, but everybody loved him for his kind heart and the way he dealt with his difficult

14、 situation. Charlie Chaplin made people laugh at some of these terrible situations like being without food or money. He wrote and directed his own films and received an Oscar for his outstanding work. (76 words) 2. 注重語篇教學，讀后進展概要寫作注重語篇教學，讀后進展概要寫作1把握文本體裁構(gòu)造，培育學生語篇認識 注重培育學生在閱讀過程中整體把握文本大意并探求語篇構(gòu)造及其意義的認識與才

15、干，協(xié)助學生在大腦里建立起閱讀文本體裁的方式圖式。 篇章類型：闡明類 (Exposition)議論類 (Argumentation)敘事類 (Narration)描寫類 (Description)Style of writing： Exposition problem-solutionMain idea: Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so organic farming is becoming more popular.Write a summary of this passage following the procedures

16、.Step 1: Skim the passage to find its main idea. Write it down in your own words.Step 2: Find and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph. Rewrite each topic sentence, using your own words. Do not copy from the passage!Step 3: Write your summary. First state the main idea of the passage and t

17、hen the topics covered by each paragraph. Remember, use your own words!Step 4: Swap summaries with your partners and give each other comments. Check your partners summary for the main idea and topic sentences.Para.1: In recent days, scientists have discovered that using chemical fertilizers for a lo

18、ng time can hurt the land and also peoples health.Para.2: There are several problems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.3: Organic farming is becoming more popular with some farmers and many customers after these discoveries came out.Para.4: There are many organic farming methods for making the lan

19、d healthy and productive. Summary: _2圍繞各類文體，開展過程性寫作訓練議論文：主題概括Authors opinion (Topic sentence): Supporting reasons (Supporting sentences):1.2.3.Conclusion The article gives the view thatshould/shouldnt主題.補充論據(jù).The passage highlights the importance of.The author argues that闡明文：段意合并闡明文：段意合并景象類：景象類： Prob

20、lem + reason (reason1, reason2.)+ solution (step1, 2, 3)引見闡明類引見闡明類: description + features (feature1, feature2.) 記敘文：要素串聯(lián)記敘文：要素串聯(lián)Wh: 1. Who2. When 3. Where4. What happened?5. How6. The lesson夾敘夾議的文章需求參與教益或教訓點明寫作目的The writer tells us主題by showing us an example of, who/which故事情節(jié).作者閱歷類In the passage, th

21、e writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which他人閱歷類This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sthn寫讀書/讀報摘要n運用新概念英語的素材n3. 拓寬概要寫作途徑，構(gòu)建讀寫新常態(tài) On cold winter morning on December 17th last year, a small blue car stopped on a bridge in a provincial town in northern Germany. There men

22、 dressed in heavy black coats out and stood on the bridge. While they waited there, they kept on looking over the side. Fifteen minutes later, a motor boat sailed past and drew up by the river bank. Three men got out of the boat and looked up at the bridge. The men on the bridge silently walked down

23、 the stone steps leading to the river bank. No words were spoken when they met the men from the boat. After a while, the motorboat moved off and three men returned to the bridge. Now, only two of them were wearing black coats. The third was dressed in a light grey jacket. Anyone who had been watchin

24、g the scene might not have realized that two master spies had been exchanged on that cold winter morning. 新概念英語第三冊新概念英語第三冊Did the car stop or not?How many men got out?How were they dressed?Where did they stand?Where did they keep looking?Did a motorboat appear or not?Where did it stop? Where did the men go?Why did they go to the river bank?Did the