1、高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞用法 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代指代 在從句中在從句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose(=of which)人物人物 主賓主賓/ /表表 物物 主賓主賓 / /表表人人 主賓主賓/ /表表 人人賓賓 人物人物 定定 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代指代在從句中的作用在從句中的作用when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at which)why (=for which) 時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因原因原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇定語(yǔ)

2、從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇：“缺啥補(bǔ)啥缺啥補(bǔ)啥”看從句中缺少什么成分，從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓看從句中缺少什么成分，從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用which, who，that ，as或或whom（只做賓語(yǔ)）（只做賓語(yǔ)）. 其中指人時(shí)用其中指人時(shí)用who,whom,as 。指物時(shí)用指物時(shí)用which,that,as。作定語(yǔ)意為作定語(yǔ)意為“的的”的時(shí)候用的時(shí)候用whose。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候用關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等。等。注意：定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞中沒(méi)有注意：定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞中沒(méi)有how, whatPractice1.The man _is talking to me is a fr

3、iend of my fathers.2.The school _is famous here has a long history.3.I live in the house _windows face south.4.He is such a person_we like very much.that/whothat/whichwhoseas5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country.6. This is the park _you took photos last Sunday.7. That was the reason_

4、he looked old. when/on whichwhere/in which why/for which Part 通常只能使用通常只能使用that或或which的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合 All _ we have to do is to practice every day.The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgottenthat1.先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等等that2.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞

5、最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只用只用that 的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合I have read all the books _ you gave me.that3.先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, just, all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修飾時(shí)，宜用等修飾時(shí)，宜用that. They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. 4.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，宜用先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，宜用

6、that.that Who is the boy _ was here just now? Which is the bike _you lost? 5.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)， 定定語(yǔ)從句須用語(yǔ)從句須用that，以免與先行詞重復(fù)，以免與先行詞重復(fù)thatthatMy computer is no longer the machine _it was. 6.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，需要關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)，需要關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，宜用時(shí)，宜用thatthat This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan

7、 used to live.which1.介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，宜用介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，宜用which。如。如 for which , on which, in which, of which 等。等。The experiment is very important , _ indeed it is. 2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，宜用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，宜用which。 which只用只用which的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合 Part 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和限制性定語(yǔ)從句和 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.The man who greeted me is my teacher. ( )2.John,

8、who greeted me, is my teacher. ( )Restrictive Attributive ClauseNon-restrictive Attributive Clause向我打招呼的那個(gè)人是我的老師。向我打招呼的那個(gè)人是我的老師。約翰是我的老師。他向我打過(guò)招呼。約翰是我的老師。他向我打過(guò)招呼。指出下面兩個(gè)句子哪個(gè)是限制性定語(yǔ)從句哪個(gè)是非指出下面兩個(gè)句子哪個(gè)是限制性定語(yǔ)從句哪個(gè)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形形式式 不用逗號(hào)不用逗號(hào)“ “ ，”與主句與主句隔開隔開用逗號(hào)用逗號(hào)“ “ ，”與主句隔開與主

9、句隔開 意意義義是先行詞不可缺少的定是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整整 只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。的意思。 譯譯法法譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“的的 ” 通常譯成主句的并列句通常譯成主句的并列句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的先可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。That Pet

10、er will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.2.2.除除which 外，還可用外，還可用when, where, who, whom等等關(guān)系副詞或代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞或代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.3.在在of which/whom之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的之前可以使用

11、表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞。數(shù)詞或代詞。1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.2. Many people, some of whomare not overweight, are going on diets.3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.4.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 I like the book,

12、which was bought yesterday. 我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。 5.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用why引導(dǎo)要用引導(dǎo)要用for which代代替替why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開會(huì)。我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開會(huì)。 Part 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)從句介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義關(guān)系詞的定義定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞可以放在定語(yǔ)從句中，也可提前放于定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞

13、可以放在定語(yǔ)從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前，介詞后關(guān)系代詞只能用關(guān)系詞前，介詞后關(guān)系代詞只能用which,whom,且不且不能省略能省略.He is the person _ you spoke tothat/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived 4y agoinThis is the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which which關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where,

14、why可以用可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。來(lái)替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。 1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days in which they lived in Tianji

15、n. 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remember the day on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.=when=where=why=when=where=when介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the e

16、xam.with the money 用錢用錢onwithon the day 在那天在那天二、根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的二、根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定確定He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. fromlearn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí)向某人學(xué)習(xí)forbe famous for因因而出名而出名 Air, _which man cant live, is really imp

17、ortant.三、根據(jù)三、根據(jù)句意句意來(lái)確定來(lái)確定This is my pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly.withoutwithout Part as與與which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ) 從句的區(qū)別從句的區(qū)別as和和which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 as和和which都可以代指前面的先行詞或整個(gè)句子，都可以代指前面的先行詞或整個(gè)句子，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，或用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，如，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，或用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，如，He married her， whichas was naturalI was very useful to him， which/

18、as he realized但下列情況下但下列情況下as和和which一般不能互換：一般不能互換：1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、句末句首、句末，也可以插，也可以插入入主句中主句中，而，而which指前面提到的事實(shí)或情況，一般放在主指前面提到的事實(shí)或情況，一般放在主句之后，如：句之后，如：As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone he was late again this morning, which makes his teacher unhappy. 2as含有含

19、有正如、按照、正像正如、按照、正像之意，之意，as一般用在一般用在肯定肯定句中，句中，而而which則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如：則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如：He failed in the exam again， as was expected He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected 3下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不能用下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不能用which，如：，如： as has been said before 如前所述如前所述 as often happens 正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 as is well know

20、n= as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知 as we have expected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣正如我們預(yù)料的那樣 as has been mentioned above正如上面提到正如上面提到的的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那樣正如大家看到的那樣1.as 常用于常用于the same.as, such. as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are ). 2）Let children read such books as will make them better and w

21、iser. 2.the same. that與與the same .as的區(qū)別的區(qū)別the same.that即指即指同一同一事物；而事物；而the same. as相似相似事物。如：事物。如：1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 2) This is the same (kind of)pen as I lost yesterday. 3.such as 與與suchthat的的區(qū)別區(qū)別suchas引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句，suchthat引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。He is such a clever boy as

22、 everyone likes.He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him . Part 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法I havent seen him since the year when he went abroadTomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.I really dont know the reason why he was late again.判斷關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系副詞when.where.why在句中充當(dāng)在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞值某煞中〗Y(jié)小結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whenwhen

23、wherewherewhywhy在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于介詞介詞+ which+ which Part 其他注意點(diǎn)其他注意點(diǎn)填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/i

24、n which/不填不填1：the way用做先行詞用做先行詞當(dāng)當(dāng) the way 在從句中作在從句中作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，意為方式方法的時(shí)，意為方式方法的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種形式，候，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種形式，that/in which/省略。省略。注意：注意：the way 在從句中作為主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)在從句中作為主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用that/which,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。以省略。1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the

25、situation where a war will break out at any time.我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。 2.2.先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)，用關(guān)系副詞先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)，用關(guān)系副詞wherewhere引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point, situation, stage, condition, case, society, position等表示抽象意義等表示抽象意義的詞，常用的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地到了某種地

26、步，在某種境況中步，在某種境況中” 。3.“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句”中，定語(yǔ)從中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看成修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句的句一般被看成修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句的謂語(yǔ)用謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式；在；在“the only one of+復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句”中，定語(yǔ)從句?？闯尚拗校ㄕZ(yǔ)從句?？闯尚揎梿螖?shù)名詞，從句飾單數(shù)名詞，從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize. Part 綜合考查綜合考查 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the b