1、模擬試卷（1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four choices. Please choose the one that best completes each statement.（10 %）1. In the word internationalists, nation is _.A. root B. stem C. base D. root, stem, base2. _is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A. Pr

2、oductivity B. Stability C. Collocability D. All national character3. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_. A. slang B. Anglo-Saxon words C. argots D. neologisms4. It is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly _ language families on the basis

3、 of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 200 B. 300C. 400 D. 5005. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_.A. Balto-Slavic B. Indo-IranianC. Armenian D. Italic6. In the Eastern set, Armenian and_are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.A. Al

4、banian B. RussianC. Slovenian D. Lithuanian7.The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as _ . A. words B. allomorphsC. morphemes D. morphs8. The _ are "actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning". A. morphs B. allomorphsC. morphemes D. allophones9. Morphemes are _ units, which a

5、re realized in speech by discrete units known as _ .A. concrete; allomorphs B. abstract; morphsC. abstract; lexemes D. concrete; morphs10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _ .A. compounding B. affixationC. conversion D. shortening11. The prefixes mal- in ma

6、ltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo-scientific are _ prefixes.A. negative B. reversativeC. pejorative D. locative12. A word is the combination of _ and _.A. spelling, sound B. form, meaningC. spelling, meaning D. sound, meaning13. By form we refer to_.A. its symbols B. its spelling C. i

7、ts pronunciation D. both its pronunciation and spelling14. Reference is the relationship between language and_.A. the world B. the conceptC. the sense D. the motivation15. All of the following are sense relations except_.A. polysemy B. ameliorationC. homonymy D. antonymy16. _ is a common feature pec

8、uliar to all natural languages because the majority of words have more than one meaning.A. Hyponymy B. SynonymyC. Polysemy D. Homonymy17. Which of the following words does not undergo the process of narrowing of meaning?A. Meat. B. Liquor.C. Disease. D. Journal.18. _factor is the one that often cont

9、ributes to the associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.A. Scientific B. PsychologicalC. Historical D. Internal19. The change of word meaning is achieved by modes of_ A. degradation and elevation B. transference and euphemismC. extension and narrowing D. all the above20. A wo

10、rd has meaning only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a_.A. reference B. referentC. concept D. sense II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. （10 %）21. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studyin

11、g the origins and _ of words.22. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and _function.23. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through_.24. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _, compounding and conversion.25. The overwhelmin

12、g majority of blends are_.26. Words imitating natural sounds are_words.27. Every word that has meaning has sense but not every word has _ .28. The relationship between the word form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary, and most words can be said to be _.29. Componential analysis, according to

13、Leech, is the process of breaking down the sense of a word into its _ components.30. At the time when the words were created, it was endowed with only one meaning. The first meaning is the _ meaning and the latter meanings are _meaning.31. _is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands a

14、t the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.32. Extension and_are the most common modes of word meaning changes.33. Narrowing of meaning is also known as_, which is the opposite of_.34. The extra-linguistic context refers to the_situation, which may extend

15、to embrace the entire_.35. Linguistic context can be subdivided into_ context and_ context.36. Context can be divided into _and _ context.37. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _.38. _are the most complete description of words available t

16、o us. They are large in scope and size, containing at least 200 000 headwords.39. _ are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50 000 to 150 000. And they are most used on desk.40. Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three types: _, homographs and_.  III. Please

17、decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) ( ) 41. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. ( ) 42. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( ) 43. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differe

18、nces between sound and form.( ) 44. In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side. ( ) 45. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( ) 46. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 47. Conversion not

19、 only changes the grammatical function of items involved but their original meaning.( ) 48. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained acceptance.( ) 49. Backformation is considered to be the opposite process of affixation. ( ) 50. Complementaries can be u

20、sed in comparative degrees. ( ) 51. In a language, there are more synonyms than antonyms. ( ) 52. Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion.( ) 53. The meaning of paper in "a white paper" is determined by grammatical context.( ) 54. The ambiguity in "They saw her duck" is due to poly

21、semy. ( ) 55. The clue for the meaning of jetty in "The harbour is protected by a jetty a wall built out into the water" is definition. ( ) 56. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings.( ) 57. The stylistic features of idioms ar

22、e fixed and unchangeable. ( ) 58. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language. ( ) 59. Dictionary is closely related to lexicology because they both deal with the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.( ) 60. In the Anglo-Saxon period, difficult Latin words and definitions were

23、 often collected into lists called glossaries for the sake of research. IV. Please give the meaning of the following prefixes (the italicized part of the word).You are to write your answer in English on the answer sheet. (10%)61. apolitical 62. disobey 63. illiterate 64. decentralize 65. unbug

24、66. maltreat 67. misinterpret 68. pseudo-scientific69. archbishop 70. codirect 71. extra-large 72. hyperactive73. macroeconomics 74. microcomputer 75. mini-bus 76. over-anxious 77. outswim 78. sub-system 79. subnormal 80. supersophisticated   V. Please give the direct expressions of t

25、he following euphemisms. (10%)81. pass away 82. social disease 83. custodian 84. extermination engineer85. meet engineer 86. sanitation engineer87. mortician 88. hairdresser89. Gee 90. Gosh almighty VI. Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.（20%）91. in a brown study 92. lip service

26、 93. bury the hatchet 94. tit for tat 95. the lion's share 96. diamond cut diamond 97. like cures like 98. a fish out of water 99. the salt of the earth 100. see eye to eye with 101. as green as grass 102. once in a blue moon 103. ride the high horse 104. a bed of roses 105. make bricks without

27、straw 106. an apple of discord 107. Jack of all trades 108. a fly in the ointment109. cut and dried 110. wide of the mark  VII. Answer the following questions. (30%)111. In what way are words related to vocabulary?112. What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?113.

28、 What is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships.114. What are the merits and demerits of componential analysis?115. What is hyponymy? 模擬試卷（1）答案及評分標準I. Please choose the one that best

29、completes each statement. (10%) 1-5 D D B B D6-10 A C A B B11-15 C B D A B16-20 C D B D B 評分標準：本題共20道題，共10分；每題0.5分。答錯一律不給分。 II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 21. meanings22. syntactic23. word formation24. Affixat

30、ion25. nouns26. onomatopoeic27. reference28. non-motivated29. minimal30. primary; derived31. radiation32. narrowing33. specialization;extension 34. physical; cultural background35. grammatical36. linguistic ;extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 37. zero-derivation38. unabridged dictionaries39. Desk dicti

31、onaries40. perfect homonyms; homophones評分標準：本題共20道題，共10分；每題0.5分。答錯一律不給分。 III. Please decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)41-45 T F T T T46-50 T F T F F51-55 T T F F T56-60 T F T T F 評分標準：本題共20道題，共10分；每題0.5分。答錯一律不給分。 IV. Please give the meaning of the follow

32、ing prefixes . (10%)61. a- not, without, opposite to 62. dis- not, the converse of63. il- not, the converse of 64. de- reversing the action, depriving of65. un- reversing the action 66. mal- badly, bad67. mis- wrongly 68. pseudo- false, imitation69. arch- supreme, most 70. co- jointly, on equal foot

33、ing71. extra- very 72. hyper- extreme73. macro- large 74. micro- very small 75. mini- little 76. over- excessive 77. out- surpassing 78. sub- secondary, less important 79. sub- beneath, lesser 80. super- more than, beyond, very special 評分標準：本題共20道題，共10分；每題0.5分。寫錯不給分。 V. Please offer the corresp

34、onding direct expressions of the euphemisms. (10%)81. die 82. venereal disease83. janitor 84. rat-catcher85. butcher 86. garbage collector87. undertaker 88. barber89. Jesus 90. God Almighty 評分標準：本題共1道題，共分；每題1分。答錯一律不給分。 VI. . Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.（20%）91. 沉思默想

35、92. 空口應酬 93. 和解；停戰(zhàn) 94. 爭鋒相對 95. 最大份額 96. 棋逢對手 97. 以毒攻毒 98. 不得其所的人，處于陌生環(huán)境的人 99. 社會中堅 100. 看法完全一致 101. 渾然無知的，無社會經驗的 102. 千載難逢地 103. 趾高氣昂 104. 稱心如意的境遇 105. 做無米之炊 106. 紛爭之源107. 萬事通而一無所長之人，萬金油108. 美中不足109. 預先安排好的110. 毫不相干 評分標準：本題共2道題，共20分；每題1分。答錯一律不給分；同義表達不扣分。 VIIAnswer the questions. (30%)111.

36、 In what way are words related to vocabulary?Vocabulary refers to the sum total of all the words in a language. In other words, vocabulary is composed of words and words make up vocabulary. If we compare vocabulary to a family, words are family members.112. What is the fundamental difference between

37、 content and functional words?By notion, words fall into content words and functional words. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives , adverbs and numerals, which have clear notions; whereas functional words are void of notions but are mainly used to connect content words into sentences. Cont

38、ent words are numerous and changing all the time, while functional words are small in number and stable. But functional words have a much higher frequency in use than content words.113. What is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Giv

39、e examples to illustrate their relationships. Inflectional morphemes are the suffixes added to the end of words to denote grammatical concepts such as -s (-es) , -ed, -ing and -est (to show superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs) whereas derivational morphemes are prefixes and suffixes added to words to form new words such as pre-, dis-, un- , -lion, -er, -ness and so on. Grammatical morphemes are those used to show grammatical concepts, including inflectional suffixe