1、NCE BOOK III Unit 2 Thirteen Equals OneBOOK III Unit 2 Thirteen equals one詞匯講解1. equal v./adj.詞根：equ-相等 equality 平等equator 赤道 equivocal 模棱兩可adj. be equal to eg. 財(cái)富不等于幸福 Wealth is not equal to happiness. I am not equal to you. 我配不上你。美國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)EEOC：Equal Employment Opportunities Commission 美國(guó)平等就業(yè)委員會(huì)（A US go

2、vernment organization whose aim is to make sure that people are not prevented from getting jobs because of their race, religion, age sex etc, and to make sure that all workers are treated fairly and equally.）v. 及物動(dòng)詞， 后面直接加賓語，不用加to （“to” is unnecessary）2. vicar 英國(guó)教區(qū)的小牧師 （of the church of England） rec

3、tor 天主教小牧師 of the Catholic church priest 基督教堂里的神父 curate 副牧師 習(xí)語：curate's egg 有好有壞 OriginThe origin of the phrase is from the cartoon "True Humility", printed in the British magazine Punch, on 9th November 1895. The cartoon gives fuller insight into its meaning.TRUE HUMILITYRight R

4、everend Host. "Im afraid you've got a bad Egg, Mr. Jones!"The Curate. "Oh no, my Lord, I assure you! Parts of it are excellent!"Clearly an egg which was partly bad would be entirely unpalatable. The curate, being too timid to complain to his host, looked for something positiv

5、e to say in reply. That initial meaning of the phrase; to describe something which partly good but which was ruined by its bad part, is now rather lost. That's not a situation that occurs very often. It's now more often used just to describe something that is partly good and partly bad; for

6、example:eg. "How was your day?" "A bit of a curate's egg. I got that report finished on time, but the car broke down as soon as I left the office."這本書好壞參半。The book is something of a curate's egg.bishop (地位高) 主教 在國(guó)際象棋chess中 bishop指象（圓棋子為教士帽形） archbishop 大主教Pope 羅馬天主教皇 Roma

7、n Catholic eg. Is the Pope a catholic? (a humorous way to say sth is clearly true and certain)eg. A: Do you think they'll win? B: Is the Pope Catholic?clergyman n. 神職人員3. raise vt. 養(yǎng)育 raise kids raise cattle 提高，提升 raise price， raise one's head raise money 籌集錢款 raise doubts 引起懷疑 raise one'

8、;s spirits 使人振奮 raise the roof （歡呼、慶祝等時(shí)）喧鬧，大叫大嚷，吵翻天；大聲抱怨（或抗議、責(zé)罵）， raise one's eyebrows at sth. 感到驚訝 rise vi.The Sun Also Rises 太陽照常升起 written by Ernest HemingwayA Farewell to ArmsA Farewell to Concubine（小妾，姨太太） 霸王別姬4. torch n. 手電筒carry a torch for sb.-fall in love with sb without telling her/him

9、 暗戀課文講解1. Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 我們教區(qū)的牧師總是為各種各樣的事籌集資金，但始終未能籌足資金把教堂的鐘修好。1) be always doing sth. 一直不停的做sth. 還可以說be forever/continually doing注意：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一個(gè)特殊用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與頻度副詞always, continuall

10、y, constantly, forever 連用，表示贊許、不耐煩等感情色彩。eg. 他老是吹牛。He is always boasting.（厭煩） 他老是想著他的工作。He is always thinking of his work.（贊許） 我爸爸老是弄丟鑰匙。My father is continually losing his keys. be forever doing 不厭其煩 eg. Peter is forever talking about his girl friend.2) for one cause or another one.or another 這樣或那樣的

11、 eg. With a little skill one can usually solve the problem in one way or another. 稍稍用一點(diǎn)技巧，你通常可以用某種方式解決問題。 由于某些原因，會(huì)議被推遲了。 For one reason or another, the meeting was postponed. 只要你努力工作，你就能得到某種回報(bào)。 If you work hard, you can get one reward or another. l cause n. 原因，緣故 cause and effect 因果 sth you support

12、(支持的)事業(yè)，事項(xiàng) eg. It's for a good cause. 做善事3) have sth. done (被動(dòng)) 叫.sb.做 （done 過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語） have sb do 讓.做 （do 做賓補(bǔ)） have sth. to do 有.要做 （to do 做sth的后置定語） eg. I have another fish to fry. (I have to go.)4) enough a./adv. 足夠的 可以做形容詞或副詞。l 作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，放在名詞之前或之后均可。eg. 他有足夠的錢。He has money enough/enough mon

13、ey. l 做副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常至于此形容詞或副詞之后，eg. We are strong enough to be able to resist aggression. 我們很強(qiáng)大，完全能夠抵抗侵略。他把工作干得非常好。He did the job well enough.l enough 常用于名詞/形容詞+enough+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中。eg. He was fool enough to believe what the cheater said. 他夠傻的，竟會(huì)相信那個(gè)騙子說的話。造句： 常用口語：I have enough of it! =I hate it so much

14、! 我受夠了。 cannot do sth enough eg. I cannot thank you enough. 感激不盡2. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. 教堂的鐘很大，以前不分晝夜打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)，但很多年前遭到毀壞，從此便無聲無息了。1) which 引導(dǎo)了定語從句2) used to do : did a lot in the past but has been given up no

15、w 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)eg. He used to play cards a lot. 他過去總是打牌。used 可作助動(dòng)詞（用于疑問句、否定句中），也可作一般性動(dòng)詞使用。eg. Did you use /Used you to play football at school?當(dāng)學(xué)生時(shí)你總踢足球嗎？I didnt use/used not/usednt to like opera, but now Im getting interested.我過去不喜歡歌劇，但現(xiàn)在我開始感興趣了。注意：不可將used to 用于表示某事發(fā)生次數(shù)或時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短意義的句子中：I used to go to L

16、ondon seven times. ( )I went to London seven times. ( )I used to live there for three years. ( )I lived there for three years. ( )易混淆詞組：be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事，可以用于過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)eg. You can say whatever you like! I am used to being criticized.When I was younger I was used to walking long distances(

17、年輕時(shí)我習(xí)慣走長(zhǎng)路), but now I am out of practice.Its easy to be our secretary: youll be used to it in a few days.3) strike v.strike hours 敲鐘打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)strike matches 劃火柴strike sb 打人eg. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵詞組: strike sb as odd 給某人留下了奇怪的印象eg.他的死讓我們覺得非常蹊蹺。His death strikes us as odd.be struck by her bea

18、uty 被她的美貌所打動(dòng)4) day and night 不分日夜注：反義詞詞組表示對(duì)照，通過相反的概念而強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。up and downback and forth 前前后后black and white5) ever since 引起完成時(shí)3. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! 一天夜里，我們的牧師突然被驚醒了，大鐘又在“打點(diǎn)”報(bào)時(shí)了！1) however 然而，可是，仍然。并列連詞，在句子中的位置很靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末，但應(yīng)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用。

19、它不能像其他并列連詞如but那樣直接連接兩個(gè)子句，此時(shí)應(yīng)用分號(hào)將兩個(gè)子句分開，并于however后標(biāo)上逗號(hào)，或另起新句。eg. I would like to go; however, I think Id better not.I feel a bit tired; however, its probable just the weather. 用于句中時(shí)，通常用于主語或者句首短語之后，并在其前后用逗號(hào)同句中的其他成分分開eg. She has her weakness. That, however, doesnt mean shes not qualified for the job.用于

20、句末時(shí)，在其前使用逗號(hào)，把它同句子的其他部分分開，如：eg. The essay is all right; there is room for improvement, however.2) wake up with a start 驚醒start n. 吃驚，源于動(dòng)詞startle vt. suddenly or slightly surprised使大吃一驚 start 表示由于突如其來的恐懼或驚異而身體顫動(dòng)，甚至跳躍，即“驚跳，驚起”。eg. I woke up from the bad dream with a start. surprised: general saying 表示一

21、種心理狀態(tài)，沒有任何動(dòng)作，astounded: very surprisedastonished: very surprisedamazed: extremely surprised 驚嘆 stunned 程度最深3) awake/awaken/wake/waken 這4個(gè)單詞都有"醒來，喚醒，弄醒"的意思，但又有不同之處。 awake "弄醒"，常用作不及物動(dòng)詞，可與wake換用。awake還可以作形容詞“醒著的”。 eg. The patient was wide awake all night. 這個(gè)病人整夜沒睡。 waken "弄醒&q

22、uot;，多用于文學(xué)作品。 awaken "弄醒"，多用于書面語和被動(dòng)式，還可用于比喻說法eg. I was awakened/wakened by a loud noise. 我被一聲巨響驚醒。 wake,作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候都常與up連用。a：我每天早上六點(diǎn)醒來。I wake up at six every morning。b：請(qǐng)?jiān)缟狭c(diǎn)鐘叫醒我。Please wake me up at six in the morning. awake,它雖然也有用作動(dòng)詞，表示“醒來，喚醒，覺醒"的意思，但是我們大部分情況都把這個(gè)單詞用它的形容詞詞性，表示"

23、;醒著的"，它還有引申的意義，表示"意思到"。a：I awoke at five in the morning.=I woke up at five in the morning.我早上5點(diǎn)就醒注意: awake 不與up連用。b：Are you awake or asleep？你是醒著呢還是睡著了？I'm wide awake.我現(xiàn)在睡意全無。注意修飾awake只能用wide, broad,不能用very, quite, pretty等。c：He is not awake to the seriousness of this problem.他沒有意識(shí)到

24、這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性。waken, awaken,大家都知道在某些單詞后面加-en做后綴，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，"使.",比如short-shorten, deep-deepen, weak-weaken等等，所以這兩個(gè)單詞雖然有不及物動(dòng)詞的詞性，但大多數(shù)情況都用于及物動(dòng)詞，表示"叫醒，喚醒"。另外這兩個(gè)單詞要正式得多，文學(xué)性較強(qiáng)，一般多用于文學(xué)作品里，都不能跟up連用。a：Old people waken/awaken(=wake up)early in the morning.老人早晨醒的早。b：Only love can waken/awaken(=wake up

25、) love. 惟有愛才能喚醒愛。c：I need to waken/awaken you(=wake you up), because the sun has risen up.我們必須要叫醒你了，因?yàn)樘柖家呀?jīng)升起了。4. Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 他一看表，才1點(diǎn)鐘，可是那鐘一邊敲了13下才停。1) Looking at his watch 現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語, 說明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。現(xiàn)在分

26、詞短語作狀語，表示時(shí)間，一般要位于句首。eg. 讀了那封信，她放聲大哭。Reading the letter, she burst out crying.2) before 不是翻譯成"在.之前",而是"直到.才, 足足.才" =until eg. It didn't stop until it struck thirteen times. 短語：before you know it (spoken: sth will happen soon) eg. We'd better set off or it will be dark befo

27、re you know it.5. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. 牧師拿著一支電筒走上鐘樓想去看看究竟發(fā)生了什么事情。1) armed with 過去分詞短語作狀語，表示方式。eg. He returned to Guangzhou that winter, disguised as a merchant. 那年冬天，他扮作商人回到廣州。arm n. 胳膊；v. 以.為武裝，帶著eg. They were armed with sticks and sto

28、nes. 他們以棍子和石塊為武器。 別擔(dān)心，我?guī)е鴤隳亍on't worry, I'm armed with an umbrella.be armed to teeth 武裝到牙齒the armed forces of a country 國(guó)家的武裝力量disarm v. 解除武裝arms 武器2) What's going on? 出什么事情啦？What's up?What gives? 熟人之間，問怎么啦？出什么事兒啦？ 回答：Nothing much./ Not much. 6. In the torchlight, he caught sight of

29、 a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 借著電筒光, 他看見一個(gè)人，馬上認(rèn)出那是本地雜貨店主經(jīng)比爾.威爾金斯。1) In the torchlight 不是“在手電筒的光下”，而是“借著電筒光” in the moonlight 借著月光 借用衛(wèi)生間Excuse me, may I use your bathroom?2) catch sight of 一眼瞅見了，一眼看見了，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)態(tài)It was he, at that moment, who caught sight of the

30、 existing danger. 在那一刻，正是他意識(shí)到了存在的危險(xiǎn)。 see 強(qiáng)調(diào)靜態(tài)l in sight eg. The victory is in sight. 勝利在望l fall in love at the first sight 一見鐘情l bear/stand the sight of.容忍（忍受）見到. eg. I really cannot bear the sight of that ugly woman. 我連看也不想看那個(gè)邋遢女人。l dread the sight of 害怕見到 eg. Most of the staff in the company dread

31、 the sight of their tyrant-like boss.公司的雇員大都害怕見到他們暴君似的老板。l hate the sight of 討厭見到eg. I hate the sight of him, for he's always boasting in face of others.我討厭見到他，因?yàn)樗偸窃谒嗣媲按蹬?。l keep sight of.將.保持在視線之內(nèi)eg. In order to prevent him from escaping, the police have been keeping sight of him for two weeks

32、 on end. 為了防止他逃脫，警察把他監(jiān)視了整整兩個(gè)星期。l lose sight of 不再看見；失去聯(lián)系；忘記，忽略eg. 在霧中，我們看不見那條小船。In the fog, we lose sight of the boat.3) whom 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，因?yàn)閣hom在后面的從句中做了recognize的賓語。4) recognize.as.認(rèn)出.是., 介詞as后的名詞或代詞為賓語補(bǔ)足語。recognize 為靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而非動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，因此通常不用于正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)中I was recognizing her while walking in the crowd. ( )I rec

33、ognized her while walking in the crowd. ( )recognize是表示短暫時(shí)間概念的動(dòng)詞，因此不能同表示有延續(xù)時(shí)間概念的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于表示延續(xù)時(shí)間意義的句子中I have recognized him for a long time. ( )I have known him for a long time. ( )7. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise. “你究竟在這上面干什么，比爾?”牧師驚訝地問。1) what與whatever

34、whatever 是強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，在語氣上比what強(qiáng)得多 what on earth are you doing up here? what the hell are you doing up here?ü eg. whatever it is? 管它呢。ü and whatever 等等 eg. We had a party, drink, dance and whatever. 2) in 的用法ü 與表達(dá)驚奇、恐懼、失望或生氣等感情色彩的名詞搭配連用：in surprise; in astonishment; in embarrassment; in anxi

35、ety; in fearü 表達(dá)“以、用”；用于語言、書寫材料、色彩或聲音等方面：in English；in pencil; in ink; in a few words.ü 用于狀態(tài)、情況或處境：in trouble; in difficulty; in a hurry; in debt; in tears8. 'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I

36、 was hoping to give you a surprise. “我想把這口鐘修好，”比爾回答說。“好幾個(gè)星期了，我天天夜里到鐘樓上來。嗯，我是想讓你大吃一驚?！?) 時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行，從未曾中斷過 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：到說話的時(shí)刻，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束I've been coming up here 為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一定時(shí)間以來一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)不同：a) 談及更為固定不變的情況時(shí)，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；談及更為暫時(shí)性行為和情況時(shí)，通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；I haven't been workin

37、g very well recently. 近來我一直工作得不太好。He hasn't worked for years. 他已多年未工作。b) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般用來表示動(dòng)作的完成或動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行。I've painted two rooms since lunch time. 午飯后我已經(jīng)油漆了兩個(gè)房間。Sorry about the mess- I've been painting the house. 我一直在油漆房子。2) try n./v. eg. Have a try! <Graduates> Mrs. R

38、obison: I'll tell her everything.Ben: I don't think you can do that.Mrs. Robison: Try me!3) after 表示重復(fù)，“（一個(gè)）接（一個(gè)）” night after night 夜夜 重復(fù)修飾，加強(qiáng)效果 day after day 日復(fù)一日 day in day out 年復(fù)一年year after year，year in year out 一次又一次的失敗 failure after failure 車來車往 car after car4) I was hoping.為試探性語氣，表示禮

39、貌或尊敬。I was hoping we could have dinner together.9. 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.“你確實(shí)使我大吃了一驚！”牧師說，“也許同時(shí)你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不過，鐘又能報(bào)時(shí)了，我還是很高興的?！?) do的用法a) 助動(dòng)詞do可以表示情感上

40、的強(qiáng)調(diào), eg. You do look nice today! 你今天看起來真的很美！She does talk a lot, doesn't she? 她的確說了許多，不是嗎？b) 當(dāng)將do用于表示邀請(qǐng)的祈使句時(shí)，會(huì)使邀請(qǐng)聽起來更為禮貌、真誠或友好，如：Do come in！快請(qǐng)進(jìn)！Do have another cake！再吃塊蛋糕吧！c) 助動(dòng)詞do的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法也可用于be祈使句中，如：Do be quiet！ 快安靜下來！Do be careful！一定要小心！2) still：在這里是連詞, 表示與前文所述內(nèi)容的對(duì)比，表示：仍然，不過，還， eg. I did fail in

41、 the experiment-Still, I've learned a lot from it.同義詞組：all the same eg. Thank you all the same10. That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it. “問題

42、就在這里，牧師，”比爾回答說。“不錯(cuò)，鐘能報(bào)時(shí)了，但是，恐怕每到1點(diǎn)鐘，它總要敲13下，對(duì)此我已無能為力了?！眓othing I can do about it 無能為力nothing can help 11. We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea. “大家慢慢就習(xí)慣了，比爾，”牧師說?！?3下

43、是不如1下好，但總比1下也不敲強(qiáng)。來，咱們下樓去喝杯茶吧?！?) as good as a) 和.一樣，形容詞比較級(jí)用法eg. Her work is as good as his. 她的工作和他的一樣好。b) 但將其作副詞短語修飾動(dòng)詞或者形容詞時(shí)，其意義通常為“和.幾乎一樣”、“實(shí)際上等于”，意思未必表示好或者希望的事物We are as good as defeated. 我們差不多失敗了。 這個(gè)鐘實(shí)際上就等于廢物一樣。The clock is as good as useless.c) as long as As long as you love mesung by Back Stree

44、t Boyseg. I don't care who you are, what you did, where you're from, as long as you love me!2) Better late than never. 亡羊補(bǔ)牢，未為晚也。 Better safe than sorry. 為了安全起見，比后悔強(qiáng)<Twelfth Night>Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. 一個(gè)聰明的愚人比愚蠢的智人好。與其做愚蠢的智人不如做聰明的愚人。Fill in the blanksThirteen equals one Our vicar is always 1raising mo