1、題型五閱讀理解百色五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)閱讀技能是學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言能力的一個(gè)重要方面，也是招生考試的重點(diǎn)。百色市中考閱讀理解的具體題型及分值如下：年份題號(hào)題型題數(shù)小題分值分值小計(jì)20195155判斷正誤型閱讀理解(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子意思與原文是否相符，相符的寫T，不相符的寫F。)5155670選擇答案型閱讀理解(要求閱讀三篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。)1523020195670選擇答案型閱讀理解(要求閱讀三篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。)15230201920192019與往年相比，2019年閱讀理解增加了一篇判斷正誤型

2、閱讀，其他保持不變?？傤}數(shù)由原來(lái)的15道變成了20道。百色市近五年中考閱讀理解的文體及話題如下： 2019年A篇是一篇說(shuō)明文，話題是關(guān)于旅行的建議(該做和不該做的事)，倡導(dǎo)文明出游；B篇也是一篇說(shuō)明文，話題是關(guān)于不同國(guó)家的餐桌禮儀，學(xué)會(huì)文明就餐；C篇仍是一篇說(shuō)明文，話題是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。2019年A篇是一篇記敘文，通過(guò)講述一位農(nóng)民看病的故事，諷刺那些自以為是、投機(jī)取巧的人，同時(shí)告誡大家任何時(shí)候都應(yīng)該實(shí)事求是，坦誠(chéng)以待；B篇是一篇議論文，圍繞“愛(ài)意味著什么？”這一問(wèn)題展開討論，從多維度啟發(fā)人們對(duì)愛(ài)的理解；C篇是一篇記敘文，通過(guò)講述香港由過(guò)去的茂密森林到如今只剩下叢林

3、，一些動(dòng)物也隨之滅絕，警示人們不要濫砍濫伐，要學(xué)會(huì)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。2019年A篇是一篇書信，講述了一次學(xué)校郊游的相關(guān)情況；B篇是一篇記敘文，講述了生日快樂(lè)歌背后的故事(誰(shuí)作的詞和寫給誰(shuí)的)；C篇是一篇記敘文，講述了交新朋友的方式。2019年A篇是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了Jack在一次開車過(guò)程中無(wú)意發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛美國(guó)車的主人很面熟并懷疑是警方通緝的人，結(jié)果報(bào)警后卻被警方告知人已被抓獲的故事；B篇是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了英國(guó)人初次見(jiàn)面時(shí)談?wù)摰亩Y貌話題和不禮貌話題；C篇是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了高考改革的相關(guān)情況。2019年A篇是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了各種英文標(biāo)識(shí)的含義；B篇是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了幸運(yùn)數(shù)字的秘密；C

4、篇是一篇記敘文，講述了英語(yǔ)中考改革的相關(guān)情況。解題方法與技巧判斷正誤型閱讀判斷正誤型閱讀理解是2019年百色中考新增加的一種題型，是一種比較簡(jiǎn)單地、直觀地考查學(xué)生判斷所給句子的意思是否與文章的內(nèi)容相符的題型。它主要考查學(xué)生是否理解文章大意，是否抓住了細(xì)節(jié)，主要測(cè)試認(rèn)知能力和理解能力。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1粗讀所給的句子，明確句子的意思。這樣的好處在于閱讀短文時(shí)能有的放矢，把重點(diǎn)放在需要考慮的內(nèi)容上，這樣既節(jié)省了時(shí)間，又提高了答題的準(zhǔn)確率。2仔細(xì)分析材料中的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單明了的文章，注意其首尾句、表明文章主旨的中心句或關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)等。對(duì)于讀了一遍意思還不夠明了的文章，我們除了了解全文，弄清人

5、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、原因等要點(diǎn)外，還要仔細(xì)推敲琢磨復(fù)雜的句子，弄清句子乃至全文的意思。3復(fù)讀全文，最后確定所給句子的正誤。復(fù)讀的目的是核對(duì)答案與短文整體是否相符，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，斟酌改正。尤其對(duì)于深層理解的句子，原文沒(méi)有提供直接或間接的答案，我們應(yīng)仔細(xì)斟酌，復(fù)讀文章，敲定最后答案。旅行的建議(2019百色中考A篇)Suggestions for travellingDosDon'tsTalk politely to strangers.Wash your hands before eating，and eat quietly.Remember to wear comfortable sho

6、es.Try to take public transport.Try to speak some of the local language even if you can only say“Hello”and “Thank you”Visit local sights，taste local food and try to understand other people's lives in new places.Spit(吐痰) or drop litter everywhere.Talk loudly on your mobile phone.Take off your sho

7、es on pla­nes，trains or buses.Smoke in public places.Cut in line.Cross the street when the red light is on.Write graffiti(亂涂亂畫) anywhere.Just go shopping.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子意思與原文是否相符，相符的寫T，不相符的寫F。()1.We are supposed to eat quietly and talk politely.()2.It's impolite to talk loudly on mobile phone

8、.()3.Cutting in line and littering are not allowed.()4.You can take off your shoes on buses.()5.These suggestions are for kids only.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要給出了一些旅行的建議(該做和不該做的事)，倡導(dǎo)文明出游。1T【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Dos一欄中的前面兩點(diǎn)建議可知該句表述正確。2T【解析】推理判斷題。由Don'ts一欄中的第二點(diǎn)建議“Talk loudly on your mobile phone.”可知，大聲講電話是不允許的，故可推斷該行為

9、是不禮貌的。此句表述正確。3T【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Don'ts一欄中的第一點(diǎn)和第五點(diǎn)建議可知該句表述正確。4F【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Don'ts一欄中的第三點(diǎn)建議“Take off your shoes on planes，trains or buses.”可知，在飛機(jī)上、火車上、公交車上脫鞋是不允許的。故該句表述錯(cuò)誤。5F【解析】綜合理解題。由標(biāo)題“Suggestions for travelling”及后面的內(nèi)容可知，這些建議是針對(duì)所有游客，而不僅僅是小孩。故該句表述錯(cuò)誤。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)(2019北部灣中考)We all learn foreign languages toda

10、y.They open up our eyes to the world.They may help us live and work in other countries.They may also make us more successful in the future.Because of this，Chinese is now a popular foreign language for Russian students.Now，123 primary and middle schools in the country have Chinese classes，according t

11、o Sputnik(俄羅斯衛(wèi)星通訊社)The Russian students like learning Chinese in class.This year，Russian middle school students will have some Chinese textbooks.People's Education Press(出版社) in China helped a local press make them.Students will use the textbooks to learn Chinese in class.For students in the 9th

12、 grade，a Chinese language test will be in their exams in 2019.“Our cooperation with China is growing.”said an education officer in Russia.“And the Chinese language becomes more important.”根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤，正確的寫“T”，錯(cuò)誤的寫“F”。(T)1.Learning foreign languages may help us live and work in other countries.(F)

13、2.Russian is now a popular foreign language for Chinese students.(T)3.The Russian students like learning Chinese in class.(F)4.For students in Grade 8，a Chinese language test will be in their exams in 2019.(F)5.The Chinese language becomes less important in Russia.選擇答案型閱讀閱讀理解是考查學(xué)生能力的一種重要方式。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀

14、材料的理解能力、對(duì)材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解常見(jiàn)的考查方式有：細(xì)節(jié)理解題；推理判斷題；主旨大意題；判斷詞義題；觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1通讀全文，了解文章大意。首先要通讀全文，抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句，快速獲知文章的主旨大意，理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)。2審讀問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題找答案。讀懂短文內(nèi)容后再審讀題目，把握每個(gè)待判定選項(xiàng)的含義，通過(guò)尋讀法在原文中找出與每個(gè)問(wèn)題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，然后尋找關(guān)鍵詞在文章中所在的句子與段落，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對(duì)試題所給出的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行選擇。3復(fù)讀文章，檢查答案的正確性。完成答題后必須將短文重讀一遍，加深對(duì)短文的理解，在此基礎(chǔ)上再對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行復(fù)查，對(duì)有些似

15、是而非的句子，一定要重新認(rèn)知識(shí)別。春節(jié)(2019百色中考C篇)The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China.During the festival，Chinese people have many activities.They paste Spring Festival Couplets(春聯(lián))，greeting the New Year and saying goodbye to the old year.On the first day of the Spring Festival，people h

16、ang out，wearing new clothes.Nowadays，children get red pockets from their parents and their relatives.It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends.More importantly，the Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world.The Spring Festival was celebrate

17、d in the UK from 1980.Every New Year，people also get together and have lots of activities.They sing songs and share photos with friends or watch movies in the cinema.Besides，the Spring Festival has become a key time for Chinese living in the US.They join in a large evening party to welcome the tradi

18、tional New Year.The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with three weeks of celebrations across Australia.Thousands of people come to Sydney's Chinatown.They enjoy fireworks and lion dances.The family dinner on New Year's Eve is an important tradition for Chinese whether they were born in Sing

19、apore or moved there from China.They usually hold it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition.()1.According to Paragraph One，children can get red pockets from their_on the first day of the Spring Festival.Afriends Bparents and relativesCteachers Dclassmates()

20、2.Which activity is not mentioned(提到) inParagraph One?AHold a New Year party.BHang out，wearing new clothes.CVisit relatives and friends.DPaste Spring Festival Couplets.()3.The underlined word “fireworks” in the second paragraph means _ in Chinese.A火爐工 B消防員C煙花表演 D暢銷書()4.Which of the following is TURE

21、 in the passage?AThe Spring Festival is the most important festival in China.BThe Spring Festival is celebrated only in China.CThe Spring Festival was celebrated in the US from 1980.DChinese living in Singapore usually hold the family dinner on New Year's Eve at home.()5.How many countries are m

22、entioned except China in the passage?ATwo. BThree.CFour. DFive.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，并了解其歷史和活動(dòng)等情況。1B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在春節(jié)的第一天，孩子們可以從_得到紅包。由第一段的倒數(shù)第三句“Nowadays，children get red pockets from their parents and their relatives.”可知答案為B。2A【解析】綜合理解題。題干意為：下面哪項(xiàng)活動(dòng)沒(méi)有在第一段中提到？綜合第一段的內(nèi)容可知，A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，其

23、他三項(xiàng)均能在第一段中找到。故選A。3C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：第二段畫線單詞“fireworks”中文的含義是什么？此題可結(jié)合常識(shí)和春節(jié)的習(xí)俗知識(shí)選出正確答案。4D【解析】判斷正誤題。題干意為：下面哪項(xiàng)是正確的？由第一段的首句可知春節(jié)是中國(guó)最重要的節(jié)日之一，A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；由第一段的最后一句可知春節(jié)在中國(guó)和世界的其他地方都有慶祝活動(dòng)，B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；由第二段的首句可知在英國(guó)春節(jié)是從1980年以來(lái)開始慶祝的，C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。通過(guò)排除法可知D項(xiàng)正確。5C【解析】綜合理解題。由全文內(nèi)容來(lái)看，文中除了提到的China外，還提到了the UK，the US，Australia，Singapore。關(guān)于學(xué)

24、生存在的心理問(wèn)題的建議(2019畢節(jié)中考)Mr.Ma，a famous mental doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting，“Now many young students can have problems with their minds.Some students become worried because they have to study very hard.Others have trouble getting on well with people around them like their parent

25、s and classmates.Parents and teachers should care more about this mental problem.”Then Mr.Ma gave some examples.One patient，a middle school student from Xi'an was doing badly in his lessons.He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him，and he became so nervous and worried that one nig

26、ht he left his home without telling his parents.Another student，a 14­year­old schoolgirl from Shanghai，was very afraid of exams.While she was reading the exam paper，she couldn't think of anything to write.A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of young students in Shanghai h

27、ave mental_problemsThey often feel worried and very unhappy.Unluckily many of them won't go and ask for help.Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor.Others won't talk about their secrets.At the end of the meeting，Mr.Ma offered some good ideas to young people：Talk to your

28、parents or teachers often.Take part in group activities.Try to get on well with the people around you.Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy.(B)1.The schoolgirl's problem happened whenever she _.Astudied very hard Bhad examsCtalked with her parents Dwent to school(D)2.Why do students often

29、 have trouble getting on with others?AThey may have no parents.BThey may have poor memories.CThey may have no secrets.DThey may have mental problems.(C)3.The underlined words“mental problems”in this passage mean _.Adifficult things Bstrange mindCsomething wrong with mind Dgreat thought(A)4.Some of t

30、hose with mental problems won't ask for help because_.Athey don't want to tell their secrets to othersBtheir parents are too busy to look after themCdoctors can't help them with the problemDthey don't have time to ask anyone for help(A)5.According to Ma's ideas，which of the follo

31、wing is TRUE?AIt's good for kids to have more group activities.BIt's helpful for you to see a doctor every day.CIt's useful for students to keep quiet in class.DWe can only go to the doctor when we are ill.2019備考猜押(1)樹木可以幫助城市節(jié)省開支Most people agree that trees look nice，but not everyone kno

32、ws that trees can also help cities save money.A few years ago，the US Forest Service studied trees in Chicago.They found that just one tree can save a city hundreds of dollars over its lifetime.Trees can save money by helping people save energy(能源)Trees stop the sun shining on buildings.They also blo

33、ck(擋住) the winter wind.That helps people use less energy to make their homes or offices warm or cool.Saving energy is saving money.Trees have another way to help a city save money.When it rains，there will be a lot of water in a city's sewers(下水道)Cities need lots of money to clean that water.But

34、before the rainwater gets to the dirty sewers，trees can take some into themselves.With the help of trees，there is less water to clean.(F)1.Everyone knows that trees can help cities save money.(F)2.One tree can save a city hundreds of dollars in one day.(T)3.Trees can help people save energy.(F)4.Tre

35、es can take all the rainwater into themselves.(T)5.With the help of trees，cities need less money to clean the rainwater.(2)2022北京冬奧會(huì)的準(zhǔn)備工作將全面展開The preparation work for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be in full swing this year，with construction of all the venues(場(chǎng)館) for the event to be completed by the end of 2019，said local authorities in Beijing.Liu Yumin with the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games says construction of new venues，as well as the renovation of the forme