1、xx英語語法專題詳解十二專題十二祈使句、感嘆句一、祈使句(一)、祈使句的結構及用法祈使句表請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。主語通常被省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句點。1. 肯定的祈使句(1) 動詞原形+其他女口：Standup,please.=Pleasestandu請起立。但有時會在句首加上主語或加呼語，以便指明是向誰提出請求或發(fā)出命令。呼語常與句子隔開，動詞仍然用原形。如：Mary，cleanthewindows!Andyouboys，washthefloor!(2) Be+adj.如：Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!(3) Let's+動詞原形如

2、：Let'sgotoschooltogether.2. 否定的祈使句(1) Don't+動詞原形如：Don'tstandup.Don'tbecareless.Don'tletthemplaywithfire.(2)Let's(letsb)+not+動詞原形如：Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.3. 祈使句的反意疑問句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分用willyou或won'tyou。如：Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won'tyou?(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分只用will

3、you。如：Don'tbelateagain,willyou?(3) 以let's開頭的祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shallwe，letus開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句的反問部分應為willyou或won'tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用謂語動詞表示外，還可用名詞、副詞、動詞短語等表示。如：Help!Patience!Quickly!Handsup!5祈使句的強調形式。有時為了加強語氣，可以再動詞前加上do,表示務必，一定”。如：Dobe

4、careful!(二)、祈使句用于兩個重要句型中1. 祈使句+and+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述肯定的條件。2. 祈使句+or(else)+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述否定的條件，or(else)表示否則;要不然”。如：Hurryup,andyou'llcatchthetrain.(=Ifyouhur,ryyuopu'llcatchthetrain.)Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon,you'tlhlumrirsysutphetrain.)二、感嘆句(一)感嘆句的結構及用法感嘆句是抒發(fā)強烈感情的句子，如歡樂、興奮、驚奇、憤

5、怒、悲傷等，書面語中句末用感嘆號。常由what或者how引導,都表示“多么”。1、what引導的感嘆句what修飾名詞或名詞短語，有以下兩種形式：(1)What+a(an)+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)!如：Whatanicegirl(sheis)!Whataninterestingmovie(itis)!What+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+住語+謂語)!如：Whatkindwomentheyare!Whatnicemusic/badweather/goodnews(itis)!2、how引導的感嘆句how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。其結構有：(1) How+形容詞(副

6、詞)+主語+謂語！如：Howhardtheworkerswork!Howcleverthegirlis！注意：當how修飾動詞時，動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。如：Howfasttherunnerruns！(2) How+形容詞+a+名詞+主語+謂語。如：Howcleveraboyheis！(二)特殊形式的感嘆句1、在口語中常用省略句，有時只用一個詞或詞組。如：Great！Howcold！Lookout！Whatafool！Whatapity！Mygoodness！2、Here/There開頭的感嘆句：（1）.Here/There+主語（代詞）+謂語如：Herehecomes!.Here/Th

7、ere+謂語+主語（名詞）女口：Herecomesthebus!實戰(zhàn)演練（2x5計分：1. _foodyou'vecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.Whatnice2. _terribleweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.How3. -_Ihad!-Youreallyhadalot.A.WhatagreattimeB.WhatgreattimeC.Howgreattime4. heruns!A.HowfastB.WhatfastC.Whatafast5. TheTVistooloud.Please.A.tur

8、nitdownB.toturnitdownC.turningdownit6. lateagain,Bill!A.Don'tB.Don'tbeC.Notbe7. crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Doesn'tC.Don't8. Pleasehelpmecarryit,_?A.willIB.willyouC.shallwe9. Don'tmakesomuchnoise,_?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallwe10. Kate,yourhomeworkheretom

9、orrow.A.bringsB.bringC.bringing11. methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.Tell12. -nicegirlAliceis!-Yes,sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.WhataB.HowC.What13. excitingitwastoseethe2010EXPO!A.WhatB.WhatanC.How14. thelightswhenyouleavearoom.A.TurnoffB.TurningoffC.Toturnoff15. tallthegirlis!Sheiss

10、uretobecomeagoodbasketballplayer.A.HowB.WhataC.What16. -Trynottobelateforschoolnexttime.-Sure,I.A.don'tB.won'tC.haven't17. _shedances!A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell18. _brightgirlstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.How19. _hardworkitis!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata20. Please_,they'rehavingameeting.A.notbeson

11、oisyB.bequiteC.nospeaking21. _tomeetmeatthestation.I'llbewaitingthere.A.NotforgetB.ForgetnotCDon'tforget22. Lucy,_thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.closing23. playsoccerinthestreets.It'stoodangerous.A.Let'sB.Don'tC.Do24. _friendlyheis!A.WhatB.HowC.Whata25. It'safine

12、day.Let'sgofishing,_?A.won'tweB.willyouC.shallwe26. Asignwiththewords“_”isoftenfoundinabus.A.NoparkingB.NosmokingC.TurnLeft27. _hisfatherworks!A.HowcarefulB.HowcarefullyC.Whatcareful28. _heavysnow!A.WhataB.WhatC.How29. themooncakesare!A.HowdeliciousB.WhatdeliciousC.Whatadelicious30. Cindy,to

13、behereat8o'clock.A.issurethatB.willbesureC.besure31. Letusdoitatonce,?A.shallweBwillyouCdowe32. Pleaselookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.A.notB.don'tC.aren't33. tellalie.A.NotB.NoC.Never34. -Youlookverytired.stoppingtohavearest?-Allright.A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon't35.Theyareverytired.W

14、hyA.nottheyB.notheyC.don'tthey36.yourchild.We'A.NottoworryaboutB.Don'37.talkanymore!ItA.StopB.Don'tC.No38.excitingnews!WeB.WhatanC.Whathavearest?lllookafterhim.tworryaboutC.Noworryabout'stimeforclass!llhavealongvacathtieonexaaftmer.A.How39. speakloudlyinthemovietheater.A.Can'

15、tB.Don'tC.Not40. It's7:30now.Let'swork.A.goB.goingtoC.goto41. timeflies!A.WhatB.HowC.Whata42. apity!A.HowB.WhatC.Howa43. Let'sloudlyinpublic.A.don'ttalkB.notalkingC.nottalk44. MrRightis!A.HowkindmanB.WhatkindmanC.Whatakindman45. fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.Whatalongwayitis46. nicepictureyougaveme!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata47. wellyousingbutbadlyhedances!A.How,howB.What,