1、英語專業(yè)八級改錯練習(xí)題及答案解析About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk _1_pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking _2_University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infan

2、t deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children _3_within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their _4_families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in

3、 developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by _5_the United Nations Childrens Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high _6_risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the ris

4、k of _7_maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of _8_pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the _9_mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than _10_two years apart. 參考答案及解析:1 將had used 改為 used。因為此句是虛擬語

5、氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故條件從句中應(yīng)使用一般過去時。例如：Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 許多人原本會成為聰明人如果他們不自以為聰明的話。2 將publishing改為publishedreport和publish時邏輯動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用publish的過去分詞短語來修飾report。例如：Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管多么微不足道，都將成為知識寶庫中的一部分。3

6、 將theirs改為their4 將among改為between在兩次懷孕期間留出足夠的間隔時間，故用between。5 將過去分詞excluded改為介詞excluding。excluding意為“不包括”6 將respectably改為respectivelyrespectively 意為 “分別地 ”，符合句子的意思。而respectably意為 “可敬的，值得尊敬地 ”。7將evidences改為evidence。evidence是不可數(shù)名詞。8將ill改為illness。9將year改為years。10將lesser改為less“Home, sweet home” is a phra

7、se that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _1_has great importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth

8、century European settlersof American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _2_for ones family, and started a farm. These small households were _3_portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _4_supp

9、ort each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _5_of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _6_is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S soldiers came

10、home before World War, for example, _7_they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _8_a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _9_a deep need. Many regarded the single-family hou

11、se the basis of their _10_way of life. 參考答案及解析:1 將no改為 not2 將place改為landplace是可數(shù)名詞，作“地方”講，而land意為“土地，田地”是不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Solitude is a good place to visit but a poor place to stay.當(dāng)你偶爾光顧時，獨(dú)處是一個美妙的境地，但是如果久留，它卻是一個糟糕的地方。There is a vacant piece of land near the house; we can build there.3 將started改為starts

12、tart應(yīng)使用不定式，以和前面的find，build一致。4 將working改為work。work應(yīng)該用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，和live一致。另外，family在這里作“家人”講，是復(fù)數(shù)。5 將anyone改為everyone這里是要用everyone指每個人，而不是要用anyone泛指。6 將but刪除7將before改為after根據(jù)上下文判斷，這里要表達(dá)的是二戰(zhàn)之后。8 將But改為 And根據(jù)語意，這里要表達(dá)的是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And thats my religi

13、on.當(dāng)我行善事，我感到坦然；當(dāng)我行惡時，我感到內(nèi)疚。這就是我的人生之道。9 將it改為they10 在house the中間加入介詞asregardas 作“把當(dāng)作”講。We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _1_that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We

14、 are more ignorant of science as people _2_with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computershow to build them, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _3_them to explain about the principles of physics that have

15、 gone into creating the _4_computer, you dont have faintest idea. _5_The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _6_creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _7_technology. Lots of people dont differ between the two. Sc

16、ience is the production of _8_new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two arereally different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have afaculty for the others. _9_Science

17、in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, its not necessarily harmful. No society has yet learned to forecast the consequences of _10_new technology, which can be enormous. 參考答案及解析:1.在which前加in，或?qū)hich改為where在這里which引導(dǎo)限制性從句，修飾先行詞the society。in which 在從句中作狀語，

18、當(dāng)然也可以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，例如： Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.2.將as 改為than3.將So改為But或者However或者Nevertheless。因為這里上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。4.將about去掉因為explain是及物動詞。5.將you改為they6.將like改為as因為such as 是固定搭配。7.將takes改為givesgive rise to表示“引起，導(dǎo)致”之意。8.將differ改為 distinguish

19、牽著表示“有區(qū)別”。后者表示“區(qū)分，找出的差別。9.將others改為other 這樣the other就和上文的one構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示在兩個中“一個；另外一個”10.將harmful改為harmless，只有這樣才可以表達(dá)上下文的對比關(guān)系。What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon _1_are adequate here. Astronomers and sc

20、ientists think that a black hole is _2_a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can _3_escapenot even light. But we cant see a black hole. A black hole _4_exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only spaceor thus we think. How can this happen? _5_Th

21、e theory is that some stars explode when their density increasesto a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of _6_its own gravity.

22、 But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the _7_size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger _8_gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. _9_And no matte

23、r near the black hole is sucked in. _10_ 參考答案及解析:supernova 名詞，天超新星1. 將as 改為since或者because。在表示原因的連接詞中，只有as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句不能位于主句之后，只能位于句首。2 .將adequate 改為inadequate，或者在are后加not。從邏輯上分析，因為我們擁有的科學(xué)術(shù)語“不充足”，所以才無法回答這個問題，所以用否定形式。3. 在which 前加into。這是一個定語從句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)去的地方”，所以定語從句應(yīng)該為“into which matter has fal

24、len”。4. 將but 改為 so。 上文已提到“連光都無法從黑洞中逃出”，所以我們根本無法看到黑洞。這里應(yīng)該是因果關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。5 .將thus改為so。這句話的意思是“那只是空間或者我們認(rèn)為它只是空間”。so做 think 的賓語，thus 只能做連詞，不能做賓語。6. 將which 改為whose。這個定語從句的意思是“它是一顆星，其密度非常大，由于自身的引力，它在不斷地收縮”。matter 屬于star，所以關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whose。7 .去掉in。result為不及物動詞，意為“形成了”，而“result in sth。”意為“導(dǎo)致某結(jié)果”。8. 將masses 改為mas

25、s。mass 可指“大量的物質(zhì)”，而“the masses”特指“勞動群眾”，用在此處不妥。9 .將ideas 改為idea?！癷dea”在表達(dá)“印象”時，為不可數(shù)名詞，不可以用復(fù)數(shù)。10. 將no改為any。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的東西都會被吸進(jìn)去。改錯題出現(xiàn)的錯誤經(jīng)常包括：語法；詞匯；語篇1. 語法包括英語的時態(tài)，語態(tài)，倒裝句，虛擬語氣，主，謂，賓在數(shù)，格，人稱上的一致。2 .詞匯方面，短文改錯在用詞上的錯誤主要集中在以下幾個方面：名次單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的差異，形容詞與副詞，連詞與介詞的誤用，同義詞的混淆等。3. 語篇的改錯旨在測試做題者在具體語境上下文中使用語法和詞匯的能力。

26、從邏輯的意義上看，句與句之間的關(guān)系可以分為順序，并列，時間，空間，層遞，對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，解釋，因果，過渡，推論等。最好的做法是先通讀全文，結(jié)合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系回答問題。The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which _1_have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome _2_monsters of the oc

27、ean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People _3_found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat fromone whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as

28、 _4_“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the Kings fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of _5_wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaug

29、hter has reached alarming proportions. _6_Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whalehunting is regulated, but the earths stock of whales is still being _7_depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since

30、now _8_ there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and _9_awe-inspiring creature that always fed mans imagination and _10_ made the world a more exciting place 參考答案及解析:1. 將which改為that。先行詞由最高修飾時定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that。2. 在thought

31、 后面加of，或者將thought 改為regarded?！皌hink of A as B”，指“把A看作B”，為固定搭配。3. 去掉he。這句話的主語是“to hunt a whale”，“to hunt a whale was high adventure”。中間的“when”只是插入的狀語從句。4. 在referred后加to。“refer to A as B”只“把A稱作B”，這句話的意思是“古人把鯨稱作大魚”。5. 在felt 后加for。這句話實際的結(jié)構(gòu)是“feel a sense of wonder for whales”指“對鯨懷有驚奇的感覺”，for引出對象。6. 在expl

32、oit后加them。capture，slaughter，exploit都是及物動詞，后面必須加賓語。7. 去掉but。前面已有“even though”，后面就不應(yīng)該再用but。8 .將since改為from?！?00 years from now”指“從現(xiàn)在起100年后”since 只能用于完成時。9. 在blame前加to。“be to blame for sth ”指“對某事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”，為固定搭配。10. 在always前加has。這個定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，很明顯應(yīng)該用完成時，不能用過去式。We use language every day. We live in a world o

33、f words. Hardly anymoment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, _1_languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly dependon fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know _2_more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language _3_is s

34、pecies specific, that is, it is language that differs human from _4_animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language _5_and how it is possible for us to perceive through language; nor we _6_understand precisely the combinations between language and thought, _7_language and logic,

35、 or language and culture; still less, how and when language started. One reason for this inadequate knowledge of languageis that we, like language users, take too many things for granted. _8_Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few _9_of us stop to question what language is, muc

36、h less do we feel the necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most peoplehave probably imagined and the necessity to study it is far greater thansome people may have assured. Linguistic is a branch of science which _10_takes language as its object of investigation.  參考答案及解析:1.

37、with 改為 without。”hardy any moment passes without someone” , 兩個否定: without 和hardly，意思是“每一時刻有人”。2. fast 前面加the因為fast and successful use 這個詞組后邊有一個前置詞短語 of language 修飾use，所以被修飾的詞前面加定冠詞。3. than on ourselves 改為than things on ourselves。在這里比較的是兩件事：things around us and things on ourselves(我們周圍的事物和我們自身的東西)。第二

38、個things不能省略，否則引起誤解。4. differs 改為distinguishes。語言區(qū)分人與動物，differ是不及物動詞，后面不能帶賓語，只能用介詞，如：Man differs from animals in that man possesses language。5. inquire改為acquire“習(xí)得語言”應(yīng)該是acquire language，名詞短語是language acquisition。 Inquire 是“詢問”的意思。6. we前面加上 do 副詞nor放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，應(yīng)用倒裝句，一般現(xiàn)在時強(qiáng)調(diào)句是在主語前面加助動詞 do。7. combination改為

39、relationships.語言和思維的關(guān)系，不是結(jié)合；語言和思維的關(guān)系是當(dāng)代語言學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域。8. like 改為as。根據(jù)上下文，要表達(dá)的意思是“作為語言的使用者”，不是“像語言的使用者”。9. a 去掉 這里是否定的意思：“我們沒有多少人”而不是“我們一些人.”。10. assured 改為 assumed. 這句的后半部分意思是“研究語言的必要性比我們想象的要大得多”。Assure譯為“確?！保籥ssume譯為“假設(shè)”或者“想象”的意思。 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years befor

40、e, you cant help being strucked by the _1_appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles andmake-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too _2_short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous.The men taking part, on other hand, are clearly recognizable. _3_There is

41、 nothing about their appearance to suggest thatthey belong to an entire different age. This illusion is created _4_by changing fashions. Over the years, the great minority of men _5_have successfully resisted all attempts to make it change their _6_style of dress. The same cannot be said for women.

42、Each year, a fewer so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down _7_on the law and women around the world run to obey. The _8_decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial.Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and _9_waists will be height; hips are in and bu

43、ttons are out. _10_ 參考答案及解析:1. strucked改為struck或者stricken過去分詞形式有誤。strike的過去式是struck，過去分詞為struck或者stricken。2. date改為dated或者outdated3. on other hand 改為 on the other hand4. entire改為entirely 副詞修飾形容詞different，并與different一起修飾age。5. minority改為majority從上下文以及常識判斷，多半男性成功地抵制了改變他們服裝款式的企圖，即多年來，男性大服裝款式跟女性服飾相

44、比沒有多大的變化。6. it改為themthem指代the great majority of men。7. fewer改為few此處沒有比較的意味。8.去掉onlay down為習(xí)語，表示“規(guī)定(規(guī)則，原則，法規(guī)等)”。9. sometime改為 sometimes。10. height改為high形容詞作be 的表語。Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were moreeager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought dow

45、n the age at marriagefor both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height _1_after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” _2_These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two

46、 decades and caused a major but temporary _3_reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger age than their _4_Europe counterparts. _5_Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed _6_famili

47、es between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a _7_postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of _8_couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. Since the United States _9_maintained its dubious distinction of having the highest

48、 divorce rate in the world,the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe. _10_Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was notabandoned. 參考答案及解析:1. 將height改為high/peak。整句話的大意為他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率達(dá)到了20世紀(jì)的高峰。high可以用作名詞，意為“高峰”，“高水準(zhǔn)”，“最高紀(jì)錄”。h

49、eight可以作“極點，頂點”解釋。例如：The height of cleverness is to conceal ones cleverness。2. 將第二個不定冠詞a 去掉。steady decline 意為持續(xù)的下降，前面不用加冠詞。又如：years of hard work。根據(jù)語感可以判斷出來。3. 在went后加on，或?qū)ent改為lasted。此處是“持續(xù)”的意思，所以可以用went on 或者last來表達(dá)。4. 將high改為higher。此處意為美國人結(jié)婚率比以前提高了，有與戰(zhàn)前相比的意思，因此應(yīng)用比較級。5. 將Europe改為European。6. 刪掉more

50、。此處的大意為戰(zhàn)后離婚率也下降了，這個現(xiàn)象不大有人注意，但同樣也很重要。另外，more與equally相矛盾。7. 將nevertheless改為also或者刪掉nevertheless。此處上下文之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。8. 將that 改為those。此處的代詞應(yīng)指marriages這個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此應(yīng)用those。此處考察代詞與先行詞一致的問題。9. 將Since改為Although/Though/While。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系。10. 將in改為to。短語to the extent是固定搭配。When you start talking about good and

51、bad manners you immediately startmeeting difficulties. Many people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the _1_way they occupied the space around themfor example, when such a person walks down a street he or she is c

52、onstantly unaware of others. Such people never _2_bump into other people. However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, _3_it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited _4_to

53、 an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American _5_hasnt been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had _6_known about American food, he might have behaved better. _7_Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as

54、 a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that _8_it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, _9_said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. _10_And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners. 參考答案及解析:1.將on改為by?！癰y t

55、he way”作“根據(jù)方式”講。2. 將unaware改為aware根據(jù)下文中的“Such a person never bump into other people”判斷，這種人不會“目中無人”。3. 將as改為than“more + adj/of + n + than”是固定搭配。4. 將it改為whichwhich在此引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作主語，需要注意的是，在從句中he said是插入語。5. 將at改為in名詞the country前要用介詞in。6. 將hasnt改為hadnt根據(jù)上下文我們可以看出這里需要使用過去完成時。7. 將American改為Arab

56、。根據(jù)上文，我們可以看出，這里講述的是赴“阿拉伯”傳統(tǒng)宴會的“美國人”的故事，而不是赴“美國”傳統(tǒng)宴會的“美國人”的故事。8. 將as 改為like介詞as意思為“作為”，like意思為“像”。9. 將falls改為fell這里要使用一般過去時。10. 將第一個of刪掉。say作為及物動詞，后面可直接跟名詞作賓語。A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothingnew in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost theiroriginal purpose and have not foun