1、1四四 . . 法律英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法及其翻譯：轉(zhuǎn)換法律英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法及其翻譯：轉(zhuǎn)換conversionconversion21.1.英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換I. I. 英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)1. Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.2. 不斷有人抱怨。有些乘客在7分鐘的等待中，眼看著只攜帶手提行李的乘客馬上出機(jī)場(chǎng)，這些人抱怨得尤甚。 浙江大學(xué) P.50

2、 unit 231. . His weariness and increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.2. 他疲憊不堪，加上天氣越來(lái)越熱，于是他下決心一有合適的陰涼處就坐下來(lái)休息。3. 3. Fathers good health and bouncing energy is source of my happiness.4. 父親身體健康，精力充沛，我感到非常高興。41. 4. Their lopsided stress on heavy industry to the neglect

3、of agriculture and light industry results in a shortage of goods in the market.2. 他們片面地注重重工業(yè)，忽視農(nóng)業(yè)和輕工業(yè)，因而市場(chǎng)上貨物不多。3. 5. The removal of shame from single parenthood is seen as contributing to the erosion of family values. 4. 未婚而成為父母的單親家長(zhǎng)不再受人恥笑，人們認(rèn)為這削弱了家庭價(jià)值觀。51. 6. The delight of the children at the sig

4、ht of the dish showed that it was a rarity.2. 孩子們看到這個(gè)菜就眉開(kāi)眼笑，可知他們是難得吃這種菜的。3. 7.The publics obsession with celebrities is pushing hard news off the front pages.4. 公眾過(guò)分關(guān)注名人，把硬新聞擠出了報(bào)紙頭版。61. 8.Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer may at its option ca

5、ncel the order without cost to him, and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as a result of the latters failure to make such delivery.2. 賣方必須在購(gòu)貨訂單規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)交貨，否則，買(mǎi)方可取消訂貨，而不承擔(dān)任何損失，并要求賣方賠償因不交貨所造成的一切損失。 71. 9.Payment shall be made by net cash against sight draft with Bill of Lading attached showing the

6、shipment of the goods. Such payment shall be made through the Bank of China, Yantai Branch. The bill of Lading shall not be delivered to the Buyer until such draft is paid.2. 憑即期匯票和所附表明貨物發(fā)運(yùn)的提單通過(guò)中國(guó)銀行煙臺(tái)分行以現(xiàn)金支付。匯票未付之前，提單不交給買(mǎi)方。81. Sight bill 即期票據(jù)2. Sight clause 即期條款3. Sight deposits活期存款,即付存款4. Sight exc

7、hange 即期匯兌5. Sight payment 見(jiàn)票就付6. Sight rate 即期匯率,即期利率7. Sight test 當(dāng)場(chǎng)檢查91. 10.Partial shipments shall be permitted upon presentation of a clean set of shipping document.2. 可以允許分批發(fā)貨，但需提出一套明確的裝運(yùn)單據(jù)。10 英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)往往是動(dòng)作性的名詞主語(yǔ)，且采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)調(diào)整為漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯。1112II. II. 英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為

8、漢語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。1. 1Hope persisted in Marshall because the only alternative was a military solution.2. 馬歇爾舍不得拋棄希望，因?yàn)榱硗庖粭l唯一的出路就是軍事解決。3. . I learned English when I was at college, but in later years it totally escaped my memory.4. 我是在大學(xué)里學(xué)的英語(yǔ)。但沒(méi)幾年，我就徹底忘記了。131. 3. Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror oppre

9、ssed her.2. 她感到震驚，心情抑郁，甚至驚恐不安。3. 4. Power and place never went to his head. 4. 他從來(lái)沒(méi)有想謀取權(quán)利和地位。141. 5.Should all or part of the Contract and its appendices be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.2. 由于一方過(guò)失，致使不能履行或不能完全履行

10、本合同及其附件時(shí)，由過(guò)失方承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。151. 6.If any terms and condition of this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by the breaching party within 30 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then the nonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving

11、 written notice thereof to the breaching party.2. 如果一方違反本合同的任何條款，并且在接到另一方的書(shū)面通知30日內(nèi)不予以補(bǔ)救，未違約方有權(quán)選擇向違約方書(shū)面通知終止本合同。16 補(bǔ)充：Exporters or foreign producers receiving questionnaires used in an anti-dumping investigation shall be given at least 30 days for reply. Due consideration should be given to any reques

12、t for an extension of the 30-day period and, upon cause shown, such an extension should be granted whenever practicable.1. 應(yīng)給予出口商或外國(guó)生產(chǎn)商至少30天時(shí)間，答復(fù)收到的反傾銷調(diào)查中使用的調(diào)查表。對(duì)提出的延長(zhǎng)30天期限的要求應(yīng)給予充分的考慮；只要理由正當(dāng)，并切實(shí)可行，就應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足該延期要求。17 法律英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)往往為普通名詞，不像普通英語(yǔ)那樣充滿感情色彩，且常為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，需將英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1819III. III. 英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)

13、轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)如果主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系密切，或賓語(yǔ)本身就是主語(yǔ)的一部分，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，為使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，往往把原文的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)。201. 1.Each Party is liable to the Joint Venture Company only up to the limit of the capital subscribed by it.2. 各方對(duì)合營(yíng)公司的責(zé)任以各自認(rèn)繳的出資額為限。211. 2. The Guarantee Period shall start from the exact date on which the Purchaser receives

14、notification in writing from the Vendor that Plant is ready for dispatch from the Works.2. 擔(dān)保期限的具體日期自買(mǎi)方收到賣方發(fā)出的、并告知已隨時(shí)可從工廠發(fā)運(yùn)的書(shū)面通知起開(kāi)始計(jì)算。221. Dispatch 派遣，調(diào)遣，發(fā)送（貨物），（海商法）（卸貨時(shí)所要求的）速遣，迅速處理，（利索地）殺死2. Dispatch station 調(diào)度時(shí)間3. Dispatch time 調(diào)度站4. Dispatch department expense調(diào)度部門(mén)費(fèi)用23Exercise 1-5:1. 1. 走過(guò)草地幾步，我們

15、來(lái)到一家華麗的大旅館。2. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.241. 2必須特別強(qiáng)調(diào)我國(guó)某些高級(jí)官員貪污腐敗的嚴(yán)重性。2. ）We must put great emphasis on the seriousness of corruption and embezzlement among some high-ranking officials in China.3. ）Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption an

16、d graft among some high officials in China.251. 3. 我興奮得什么話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。2. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.3. 4. 得知我通過(guò)了入學(xué)考試，別提有多高興了。4. My delight knew no bounds when I learned that I had pass the entrance examination.261. 5.知彼知己，百戰(zhàn)不殆。2. ）Knowledge of the enemy and oneself enables one to fig

17、ht a hundred battles without defeat.3. ）If you know the enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without defeat.271. 動(dòng)詞名詞化組合方式眾多，容量大，表達(dá)見(jiàn)解客觀。這種現(xiàn)象在WTO文本中表現(xiàn)非常突出。為了使國(guó)際法規(guī)具有威嚴(yán)性，同時(shí)又避免出現(xiàn)真正意義上的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)詞名詞化就讓原來(lái)的施動(dòng)意義隱含在結(jié)構(gòu)深層里面，其表達(dá)語(yǔ)氣也從“動(dòng)”到“靜”，更符合文本目的，也更容易為譯入語(yǔ)讀者所理解與服從。282 2英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換2.12.1英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的謂

18、語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ) 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是靜態(tài)的,漢語(yǔ)是動(dòng)態(tài)的，當(dāng)英語(yǔ)的形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，通常把英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)，使之和被修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成漢語(yǔ)的主謂詞組或小句，這樣漢語(yǔ)譯文更加地道流暢。291. 1.Before going up into the blue hills, Tomas Gomez stopped for gasoline at the lonely station.2. 群山蒼翠。加油站孤零零的。進(jìn)山之前，湯姆斯戈麥茲在這兒停車加油。301. 2.Better roads and better vehicles induced the wealthier c

19、lasses to live in the suburbs of the cities. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards, concentrating manufacturing activities, business, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities, but pushing the homes outward even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting.2. 道路更加平坦暢通，交通工具更加高速舒適

20、，使得富裕階層開(kāi)始居住市郊。這一趨勢(shì)目前正發(fā)展到下層社會(huì)，生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、商業(yè)貿(mào)易、政府機(jī)關(guān)和娛樂(lè)設(shè)施都集中在市中心，許多家庭不惜忍受上下班的車旅勞頓之苦，居住到郊外。 311. 3. The technological design of this bed cushion is advanced with novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns. They are comfortable and convenient to carry.2. 這種床墊工藝先進(jìn)，結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，造型美觀，款式多樣，舒適大方，攜帶方便。321. 4.The

21、sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape, easy operation, high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption.2. 買(mǎi)方提交的樣機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是造型新穎、操作簡(jiǎn)便、熱效率高、油耗低。3. 5.We look forward to an ever increasing volume of business with your glass factories.4. 我方盼望與你方玻璃廠的交易日漸增高。332 2）英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的狀

22、語(yǔ)）英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)1. 英語(yǔ)是靜態(tài)的，含有動(dòng)作意義的名詞經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，原來(lái)名詞前的形容詞或分詞定語(yǔ)，也就可轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)。34定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)： 1. 1.我偶爾抓到一條魚(yú)。2. 1.I caught an occasional fish.3. 2.醫(yī)生定期來(lái)診視我。4. 2.The doctor pays me regular visits.5. 3.我偶然到杭州走走。6. 3.I take an occasional trip to Hangzhou.354.這兩個(gè)朋友偶然碰頭。4.The two friends had a casual meeting. 5.每小時(shí)

23、都有一班火車開(kāi)往倫敦。5.There are hourly services of trains to London. 6.邁克并非一下就成功的。6.Mike did not have instant success.7.病人恢復(fù)緩慢。7.The patient made a slow recovery.361. 8. Any dispute arising from the execution of, or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both

24、Parties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration.2. 凡由執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭(zhēng)議，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如果協(xié)商不能解決，應(yīng)提交仲裁。371. The Joint Ventures products to be sole in China may be handled by the Chinese Materials and Commercial Departments by means of

25、 agency or exclusive sales, or direct sale by the Joint Venture Company.2. 合資公司內(nèi)銷產(chǎn)品可由中國(guó)物資部門(mén)和商業(yè)部門(mén)代銷或包銷，或由合資公司直接銷售。381. 10.Payment for the goods specified herein shall not mean a full acceptance thereof by the Buyer with regard to its quality. All goods shall be accepted only after the Buyers close in

26、spection.2. 對(duì)合同規(guī)定的貨物付款不意味著買(mǎi)方已完全接受貨物的質(zhì)量，所有貨物要經(jīng)過(guò)買(mǎi)方仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)后方可接受。393 3英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.1. 1 1）英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)）英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)2. 合同英語(yǔ)中有些介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往在意義上和主語(yǔ)有密切的聯(lián)系。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其在句子中的地位，翻譯時(shí)常將這類狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)。401. 1.For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production coopera

27、tion in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent.2. 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引進(jìn)專利，按專利提供的技術(shù)訣竅進(jìn)行合作生產(chǎn)。411. 2.The products fair will be held at the Standard Electrical Co., Madrid, Spain with the Buyers representatives.2. 買(mǎi)方代表將參加西班牙馬德里標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電器公司舉行的產(chǎn)品博覽會(huì)。424 4英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換 1.If its verdicts seem ex

28、cessive, one must keep in mind the impossibility of determining the money value of such intangibles as pain and suffering or loss of reputation.1. 陪審團(tuán)的一些裁決也許言過(guò)其實(shí)了點(diǎn)，但有一點(diǎn)必須牢記，某些精神上的痛苦折磨、名譽(yù)的損害是無(wú)法用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量的。 431. 2.Stronger adaptability to market changes, lower management costs and higher labor intensity h

29、ave ensured these companies comparative advantages and, consequently, competitiveness in the global market.2. 這些公司善于適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)變化，管理成本較低，勞動(dòng)密集度較高，因而具有相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，在全球市場(chǎng)上有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。441. 3.Extremely keen competition between European and Japanese chemical manufacturers in the plastics business has compelled us to bring down

30、 the price for the time being.2. 歐洲和日本化工廠商在塑料生意方面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)得異常激烈，迫使我們不得不暫時(shí)降價(jià)。451. 4.The moderate price coupled with the superiority of our goods will induce you to pass us orders.2. 由于價(jià)錢(qián)公道，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，相信貴公司樂(lè)于向我們訂購(gòu)。46Exercise: 1. 6.中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。2. The traditional Chinese culture, extensive and profound, enjoy

31、s a long history. 471.7. The pompous vanity of the old school mistress, the foolish good humour of her sister, the silly chat scandal of the elder girls, and the frigid correctness of the governesses equally annoyed her.2.譯文：校長(zhǎng)最愛(ài)空架子虛面子；她妹妹脾氣好得癡呆混沌；年紀(jì)大些的學(xué)生喜歡說(shuō)些無(wú)聊的閑話，講講人家的隱私；教師們又全是一絲不茍的老古板。這一切都同樣叫她氣悶。3

32、.分析：本句由四個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)組成的主語(yǔ)全都升級(jí)為句子，然后添加外位語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)傳達(dá)的意思，和原句末尾的謂語(yǔ)部分合起來(lái)譯。四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的處理方法也不盡相同，短語(yǔ)的中心詞前都有修飾語(yǔ)，楊必沒(méi)有受其羈絆，把它們的內(nèi)在語(yǔ)義關(guān)系譯了出來(lái)。481. 8.We claim for shortage in weight and low quality on the consignment of wheat shipped per s.s “Princess Victoria”.2. “維多利亞公主”號(hào)輪裝運(yùn)的小麥短重且質(zhì)量低劣，我方對(duì)此提出索賠。491. 9.In this contract, the Packing Clause stipulates for one gross to a polythene bag, covered with paper box, 50 paper boxes to an inner carton, 2 inner cartons to a wooden case.2. 合同中的包裝條款規(guī)定為：每一聚乙烯袋裝一羅，然后裝入紙盒。五十盒裝一紙箱，兩紙箱裝一木桶。3. Gross 羅,一羅12打,144個(gè)501.