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1、整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangsterBy Emon整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster New words and expressions 1. gangster n. a member of a group of violent criminals 歹徒;強(qiáng)盜 a band of gangster 一伙強(qiáng)盜 gangster inn 黑店 Gangster High 黑幫高中,暴力社團(tuán) a gangster movie 一部黑幫片整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 各類“小偷”

2、 pickpocket 扒手 burglar 竊賊(入室) shoplifter 商店盜竊 highwayman 車匪 kidnapper 綁匪 pirate 海盜Piarates of the Caribbean software pirate 軟件盜版者整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 2. nobleadj. (nobler, noblest) having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others 崇高的;品質(zhì)

3、高尚的 a noble leader 偉大的領(lǐng)袖 He died for a noble cause. 他為了高尚的事業(yè)而犧牲。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster belonging to a family of high social rank 貴族的;高貴的 a man of noble birth 出身高貴的人 nobly adv. 貴族地 n. a person who comes from a family of high social rank; a member of the nobility出身高貴的人;貴族成員整理pptNCE 3 Le

4、sson 14 A noble gangster 3. Chicago n. 芝加哥(美國城市) Boston n. 波士頓 Detroit n. 底特律 Hawaii n. 夏威夷(Hawaiian n. 夏威夷人) Miami n. 邁阿密 New York n. 紐約 New Orleans n. 新奧爾良 Philadelphia n. 費城 San Francisco n. 舊金山(三藩市) Los Angeles n. 洛杉磯 Seattle n. 西雅圖 Washington n. 華盛頓整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 4. prote

5、ction n. 保護(hù) protection money 保護(hù)費 protect vt. 保護(hù) (protect.from) We must protect our eyes from the sunshine. protector n. 保護(hù)者 protege n.被保護(hù)者整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 5. promptly adv. 及時地 I gave him an alarm clock and he will wake him up promptly. 同:in time on time 準(zhǔn)時 迅速地=quickly; rapidly;

6、speedily punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時的 puntually adv. 準(zhǔn)時地整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster v. to cause or urge 促使;催促,引起 The sight of the ships prompted thoughts of his distant home. 看到船使他想起遙遠(yuǎn)的故鄉(xiāng)。 His reply prompted me to ask another question. 他的答復(fù)促使我再提一個問題。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 6. destroy v

7、. 毀掉;毀滅 destroy v. 毀掉;消滅(強(qiáng)調(diào)完全的摧毀) The earthquake destroyed the city. damage n./v (強(qiáng)調(diào)受損程度不很嚴(yán)重,可以被修復(fù)) The big clock was damaged. break v./n.(強(qiáng)調(diào)弄壞,弄斷) Two of the strings were broken. spoil v. (強(qiáng)調(diào)把事情攪和了) spoil the party /spoil the holiday整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 7. remarkable adj.不同尋常的 a re

8、markable discovery 不同尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn) a remarkable progress 非凡的進(jìn)步 a remarkable person 了不起的人 同:outstanding adj.杰出的,卓越的 Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. distinguished adj.突出的(用來修飾嚴(yán)肅領(lǐng)域的人) distinguished physicist distinguished lawyer整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 8. band n.幫,團(tuán)伙 a band of robbers 一伙強(qiáng)盜

9、 類似: gang n. 一伙 a gang of thieves nest n. 窩 a nest of gangster整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 9. Florence n. 佛羅倫薩(意大利城市) Florentine n. 佛羅倫薩人 Rome n. 羅馬 Venice n. 威尼斯 Milan n. 米蘭 Pisa n. 比薩 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster10. city-state n. (古代)城邦城邦城邦是由一個城市控制的區(qū)域,通常擁有主權(quán)。歷史上的城邦通常是大文化圈的一部份,如古希

10、臘城邦(如雅典、斯巴達(dá))、迦南的腓尼基城邦(如泰爾、西頓)、中部美洲的瑪雅城邦、絲綢之路上的小國(如撒馬爾罕、布哈拉)和意大利城邦(如佛羅倫斯、威尼斯)。東亞黃河流域的華夏城邦。歐洲歷史上有兩個重要的城邦時期古希臘的城邦和文藝復(fù)興時的意大利城邦,現(xiàn)時歐洲的文明都發(fā)源自這些時期。然而,這些文明的城邦通常只存活很短時間,因為它們的土地和實力都不足以抵抗周圍的外敵。此外,這些小區(qū)域組織在松散的地理和文化個體中互存,成為大國建立穩(wěn)固勢力的障礙。故此,他們最終必然融入於更大社會體系、以至民族國家。目前世界上只有新加坡、摩納哥和梵蒂岡符合城邦的傳統(tǒng)定義。然而,新加坡仍有一部份未都市化的領(lǐng)土,而梵蒂岡和摩納

11、哥的都市區(qū)只是周邊城市羅馬和畢索雷的延續(xù)。一些主權(quán)國家內(nèi)也有類似城邦的領(lǐng)土,如香港和澳門、德國柏林、美國華盛頓特區(qū)和英國直布羅陀。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 11. hire v. 租出,雇給 hire out 租出 Does this firm hire out cars ? hire.from 租進(jìn)來 同:rent v.租,n.租金 rent.from I rent a room from him. let v.出租 Please let your house to me. hire v. 雇傭 hire a part-time worker

12、整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 12. prince n.君主,親王;王子 Prince Philip 菲利普親王 Prince William 威廉王子 Prince Charming 白馬王子 princess n. 公主 ( 王妃,親王夫人) Princess Anne安妮公主 Snow White白雪公主 the Seven dwarfs 七個小矮人 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 13. funeral n. 葬禮 state funeral 國葬 hold a state funeral for

13、 sb. 為某人舉行國葬 give sb. a state banquet 舉辦國宴 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 14. dedicate v.奉獻(xiàn),題獻(xiàn)給 He dedicated his life to his motherland. dedicate.to.(doing)=devote.to.(doing) 把(時間、精力等)用在 How much time should I dedicate to preparing for the exam? = How much time should I devote to preparing fo

14、r the exam? be dedicated to=be devoted to 致力于; 獻(xiàn)身于 A monument was dedicated to the memory of the national hero. 人們建立了一座紀(jì)念碑以紀(jì)念這位民族英雄。 The society was dedicated to furthering the cause of world peace. 該協(xié)會致力于推動世界和平事業(yè)。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 15. memory n.紀(jì)念 in memory of =to the memory of 為

15、了紀(jì)念 To the memory of/In memory of Qu Yuan , we will spend Dragon Boat Festival. memory n.記憶力,內(nèi)存 You have a good memory. memory card 內(nèi)存卡,存儲卡整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 16. valiant adj.英勇的 During war, soldiers are valiant. 同:brave adj. 勇敢的 courageous adj. 有膽量的,有勇氣的 (courage n.勇氣 encourage v.

16、 鼓勵) The children are very courageous.整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster Text 1. There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters inreturnforprotection.曾經(jīng)有一個時期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取保護(hù)。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:when引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾time,表示是在什么時候發(fā)生的事

17、情。從句中的in return for protection充當(dāng)目的狀語,說明“付錢”的目的是為了得到“保護(hù)”。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster在指在指時間或地點的名詞時間或地點的名詞之后,可用之后,可用when和和where表達(dá)定語從句表達(dá)定語從句中中atwhich或或inwhich的含義,如:的含義,如:Can you suggest a time when/at which it will be convenient for both of us to meet? 你能否提出一個對我們雙方都方便的會面時間嗎?She knows a wood wh

18、ere/in which we can find wild strawberries.她知道一處我們可在那兒找到野草莓的樹林。 只有當(dāng)指時間或地點的名詞只有當(dāng)指時間或地點的名詞/先行詞在從句中起到時間狀語或地先行詞在從句中起到時間狀語或地點狀語作用時,才可使用關(guān)系副詞點狀語作用時,才可使用關(guān)系副詞when或或where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,引導(dǎo)的定語從句,如:如:Thats the time (which) she has found to be convenient for both of us to meet. 那是她所能找到的對我們雙方都方便的會面時間。 He told her the hid

19、den place (which) the children found while playing hide-and-seek. 他告訴了她孩子們玩捉迷藏時發(fā)現(xiàn)的那個藏身之處。分析:雖然上兩例中的先行詞指時間和地點,但由于它們在定語從句中起到的是賓語作用,因此只能使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)這兩個定語從句整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 語言點語言點2:sumn. 1. c, (of) an amount (of money)金額 I had to spend a large sum/large sums of money to get it

20、 back. 我得花一大筆(大筆大筆的)錢才把它弄回來。 2. the total produced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together 和;總數(shù);總和 The sum of 6 and 4 is 10. 6加4之和為10. in sum used to introduce a short statement of the main points of a discussion, speech, etc.總之,總而言之 (=all in all;altogether) sum v. to state the main points o

21、f sth in a short and clear form 歸納;總結(jié) sum up / sum sth up =summarize To sum up, there are three main ways to deal with/solve the problem. 概括起來說,這一問題主要有三種解決辦法。 Can I just sum up what we have agreed so far? 我能否把我們目前已經(jīng)形成共識的問題作個概括?整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 語言點3:in return (for) 作為的回報;作為交換 通常指

22、被看作有同等價值或同等意義上的回報/交換。 What did he do in return for your kindness? 對你的好意,他做了些什么呢? They have helped us a lot, but we really feel sorry that we have nothing to give them in return. 他們給予了我們極大的幫助,但我們真為拿不出什么來報答他們而感到遺憾。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 2. If the money was not paid promptly, the gangst

23、ers would quickly put a man outofbusinessby destroying his shop. 如果交款不及時,歹徒們就會很快搗毀他的商店,讓他破產(chǎn)。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,引出一個條件,即如果交錢不及時會導(dǎo)致主句所說的結(jié)果-破產(chǎn);主句中的by destroying his shop作方式狀語,交代“破產(chǎn)”的方式。 語言點2: out of business 破產(chǎn) 寫作短語總結(jié)-破產(chǎn) put sb. out of business lose ones business go bankruptcy fail to run business

24、 ones business fails ones business collapses ones business lands on rocks ones business goes to the dogs整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 3. Obtaining protectionmoney is not a modern crime. 榨取保護(hù)金并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑。 語言點1:obtain v. (rather formal) to become the owner of, esp. by means of effort or plann

25、ing; get (較正式)(尤指通過努力或計劃)獲得,得到;贏得 I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我終于設(shè)法弄到了這份報告的一個副本。 語言點2:protection money的意思是“保護(hù)金;保護(hù)費”。 語言點3: crime n. 1. 罪,罪行C the crime of murder 謀殺罪 2. 犯罪,違法犯罪活動U It is the job of the police to prevent crime. 防止犯罪是警察的任務(wù)。 3. 違反道德的行為,罪過C Its a crime to waste food.

26、 浪費食物是一種罪過。 criminal kriminl n. a person who is guilty of crime 犯人,罪犯C a hardened (有經(jīng)驗的) 慣犯 criminal adj. being a crime 犯罪的;犯法的 criminal behavior 犯罪行為整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 4. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that p

27、eople would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.早在14世紀(jì),英國人約翰.霍克伍德就有過非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):人們情愿拿出大筆的錢,也不愿畢生的心血毀于歹徒之手。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:as long ago as the forteenth century作時間狀語,強(qiáng)調(diào)是發(fā)生在很久以前的事情。Sir John Hawkwood是an Englishman的同位語,起解釋說明的作用。That引導(dǎo)同位語從句,解釋說明discovery的具體作用。 語言點2:as lo

28、ng ago as的意思是“追溯到”,相當(dāng)于date from, date back to, trace back to。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 語言點3:Sir n. (a title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 用于男爵或從男爵名字之前的尊稱) baronet brnit n. 從男爵 knight n. (近代英國的)爵士 Sir James Wilson 詹姆斯威爾遜爵士 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 5. 600 y

29、ears ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. 600年前,約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊士兵來到意大利,在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:six hundred years ago為時間狀語。With a band of soldiers作伴隨狀語,交代“帶著什么到達(dá)意大利”。 語言點2: settle v. 1. 定居 They got married and settled near Manchester. 他們結(jié)婚并在曼徹斯特附近定

30、居。 2. 尤指在法律上解決(爭端);使(事情)得到解決: They settled their quarrel/differences in a friendly way. 他們友好地解決了他們的爭端分歧。 3. 使(某人或自己)舒適地處于,把安頓于;安置于: He settled back in his chair and closed his eyes. 他安坐在椅子上閉目養(yǎng)神。 She settled the child on the sofa. 她把小孩放在沙發(fā)上。 settle down v. 1. (使) 舒服地坐下 She settled (herself) down in a

31、 chair with a book and a cup of tea. 她拿著一本書和一杯茶舒適地在椅子上坐下來。 2. 安頓下來,過安定的生活 He wants to get married and settle down. 他想結(jié)婚過安定日子。 3. 習(xí)慣于某種生活方式或職業(yè)等 He soon settled down in his new school. 他很快就習(xí)慣了新的學(xué)校。 4. 開始專心于(某項工作、活動等);認(rèn)真地著手去做(某事) I must settle down and do my homework. 我必須安下心來做家庭作業(yè)。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14

32、 A noble gangster 6. He soon madeanameforhimselfand cametobeknown to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.很快就出了名。意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫托。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:and連接兩個簡單句,讓句子變得更加緊湊,容易理解。 語言點2:make a name for oneself 使自己成名(多用于口語中) Its difficult to make a name for yourself on the stage, where the competition is so fierce. 你要在舞

33、臺上出人頭地很難,那兒的競爭太激烈了。 語言點3:came to be known 漸漸被知曉/稱作 come/get +動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 表示一種情況的變化過程,表示出“逐漸”的含義。在漢語譯文中,有時并不一定譯出來。 She will come to be ashamed of what she has done today. 總有一天她會為她今日的所作所為而感到羞愧。 Soon theyre getting to have a better understanding of the problem. 他們對這一問題逐漸有了較深的理解。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A nobl

34、e gangster known的相關(guān)短語: be known to sb. 為某人所知 當(dāng)to后為“某地”時,則表示“文明于某地” 之意。 Your neighbours known to the police, so youd better keep an eye on him. 你的鄰居是警察熟悉的人物,所以你最好對他留神點。 The family is quite known to the area. 這家人在這一地區(qū)很出名。 be known as/be known for都可用來表示“以而出名”但它們在含義和用法上有所不同。 be known as后的介詞賓語與主語為同位語成分 b

35、e known for后的介詞賓語則為主語的所屬內(nèi)容 *當(dāng)主語為表示人的名詞時,be known as表示“以某種身份而出名”而be known for則表示“以某種技能、作品或特征等而出名”。 Edison was known as a great inventor. 愛迪生以一位偉大的發(fā)明家而著稱。 Edison was known for his inventive talent. 愛迪生以其發(fā)明天賦而聞名。 *當(dāng)主語為表示地點的名詞時, be known as表示“以的產(chǎn)地或地方而出名” be known for則表示“以特產(chǎn)而出名”。 The area is known as a g

36、reen tea producing region. 這個地區(qū)是以綠茶產(chǎn)地而出名。 The area is known for its green tea. 這個地區(qū)以其綠茶而聞名。 *當(dāng)主語為事物名詞時, be known as表示“以形式而出名” be known for 則表示“以內(nèi)容、特征、價值等而為人所知” This book is known as a reference book. 這本書作為參考用書使用。 This book is known for its practical usage. 這本書以其實用性而為人所知。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble

37、 gangster 7. Whenever the Italian city-states wereatwarwith each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who werewillingtopay the high price he demanded.每次意大利各城邦之間打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價的君主。 語言點1:whenever意為“無論什么時候”,相當(dāng)于no matter when。 語言點2:be at war with 與處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài) 語言點3:be willing to do的意思是“愿

38、意做”整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 語言點4:demand v. 1. 要求;強(qiáng)求 I demand an appology! 我要求(向我)道歉! She demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟經(jīng)理談話。 2. 急需 This work demands your immediate attention. 這件工作急需你立即處理。 3. 需要,要求(努力、勤奮等) His work demands many personal sacrifices. 他的工作要求個人做出許多犧牲。 demand n. 1. 要求

39、;請求 This work makes great demands on my time. (=takes up a lot of my time) 這個工作要花我很多時間。 2. 需要;需求;銷路 Her books are in great demand at the moment. 她的書目前銷路很好。 整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 8. Intimesofpeace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after bu

40、rning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.和平時期,當(dāng)生意蕭條時,霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個城邦,縱火燒毀一兩個農(nóng)場,然后提出,如向他們繳納保護(hù)金,他們便主動撤離。 語言點1:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:in times of peace為前置時間狀語,含蓄地說明是什么時間發(fā)生的事情。When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。And連接would march和would offer兩個并列的動作。在句子的最后一部分中,if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,交代“撤離”的先決條件。 語言點2:in times of

41、的意思是“在時期”。整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 語言點3:march v. 1. (齊步)前進(jìn),行進(jìn) The soldiers marched along the road. 士兵們沿著大路齊步前進(jìn)。 She was very angry and marched out. 她氣急了,大步走出去。 2. 走過,通過 Wed marched 20 miles by sunset. 日落時我們已經(jīng)走了20英里。 march n. 1. 行進(jìn),行軍 Our armies are on the march. 我們的部隊在行軍中。 2. 路程 Our des

42、tination is a days march away. 我們離目的地有一天的行程。 3. 游行,示威 a peace march 群眾和平游行 4. 三月整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 9. Hawkwood made large sums of money inthisway. 霍克伍德用這種方法掙了大筆錢。 語言點:句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:in this way為方式狀語,說明“掙錢”的方式。 和way有關(guān)的短語: on the way 在路上 in the way 擋道 in a way/in some ways= to a certain deg

43、ree/to certain degrees 在某種程度上 by the way 順便說一下 all the way 一路上 the way to do sth. 做某事的方法整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 10. Inspiteofthis, the Italians regarded him asasortofhero. 盡管如此,意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。 語言點1:in spite of this為讓步狀語,相當(dāng)于despite this。 語言點2:As a sort of hero作him的賓語補(bǔ)足語。a sort of 一種的人物/東西 語言點3:regardas的意思是“把當(dāng)作”整理pptNCE 3 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 11. When he died at the age of 80, the Florentines gave him a stat

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