1、第一章第一節(jié)句子基本結構、句子成分課程標題句子基本結構、句子成分教學目標1.掌握句子結構的三大類型:簡單句、并列句和復合句2.掌握詞性與句子成分之間的對應關系3.了解句子結構在高中英語題型中的體現教學內容1.簡單句的五種句型2.并列句和復合句3.詞性與句子成分的對應4.聽音樂,分析歌詞的句子結構5.課堂練習課后作業(yè)1.句子結構分析2.四篇選詞填空Presentation. 簡單句(Simple sentence:回憶簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的五種句型主+謂Subject (主語 +Verb (謂語該句中謂語動詞一般為不及物動詞,常見的有:happen, disappear, work, co

2、me, cry The litter girl cried even harder.The accident happened yesterday afternoon. (誰-;做-Li Ming works very hard.(誰-;做-主+謂+賓Subject(主語 +Verb (謂語 +Object (賓語:該句型中的謂語動詞一般為及物動詞,賓語由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句來充當。Mr.Wang will attend the lecture.I dont know what I should do next.(誰-;做-;什么-Jack always helps me wh

3、en I have difficulties.(誰-;做-;什么-主+系+表Subject (主語 +Link. V(系動詞 +Predicate(表語常見的系動詞:be, look, turn, sound, taste, smell (adj.作表語,無賓語,無被動It is getting warmer and warmer.(主-;系動詞-;表語-He is doctor.(主-;系動詞-;表語-This kind of food tastes delicious. (主-;系動詞-;表語-主+謂+賓+賓補Subject(主語+Verb (謂語+Object (賓語+Complemen

4、t(賓語補足語:賓補一般為名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語等,用來補充說明賓語的動作。He offered me his seat. (誰-;做-;什么-;怎樣-You should keep the room tidy and clean. (誰-;做-;什么-;怎樣-His father told him not to play in the street. (誰-;做-;什么-;怎樣-主+謂+直賓+間賓Subject(主語+Verb(謂語+Indirect object(間接賓語(人+Direct object (直接賓語常見的雙賓語動詞:buy, tell, send, bri

5、ng, lend, give, teach等。The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. (誰-;做-;什么-;什么-Mr. Li teaches us Chinese.(誰-;做-;什么-;什么-. 并列句(Compound sentence:什么叫并列句?學過的并列連詞有哪些?定義:并列句是由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接起來的句子,其結構為簡單句+并列

6、連詞+簡單句。常見的并列連詞有and, but, or ,so, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror等:用橫線劃出下列并列的句子及并列連詞:e.g. 再試一次吧,或許你就能贏得去意大利的免費車票。Have another try, and maybe you will win the free tickets to Italy.我們鄰近的電影院又小又舊,但是他們的卻又大又現代。(中譯英The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心,否則你會

7、打碎那個花瓶的!(中譯英Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每門功課上都努力學習,因此他上學期獲得了獎學金(scholarship。(中譯英 Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但認識她而且他們還是好朋友。(中譯英He not only knows her, but also they are good friends.Tom既不留長發(fā),也不穿牛仔褲。(中譯英Tom neither has long hairs, nor

8、 does he wear jeans.1.知識拓展:用and、as well as、neither(nor等并列連詞連接并列句時,某些重復的成分常被省略。e.g. He often goes to the museum as well as (he often goes to the concert.We must study English and they (must study German.I dont know, nor does she (know. 不少并列連詞具有對稱性,這樣的連詞常見的有:and, not onlybut also, 利用連詞的對稱性,可以由連詞一邊的結構推

9、斷出另一邊的結構。e.g. Unfortunately, the rear(后面,后部of my car was heavy because the engine wasthere and also because there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed(借來的mans coat screamed when she sawme and

10、came (come running madly. (14年高考一模語法填空題. 復合句(Complex sentence:什么叫復合句?你所學的復合句有哪些?賓語從句需要遵循什么樣的時態(tài)及語序規(guī)則?1.定義:復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。e.g. If I have time tomorrow, I will go shopping with you.I cant go to see the film because Im quite busy.The roast beef cooked by Mum seems so attractive that my mouth is

11、watering.2.復合句的分類:賓語從句,狀語從句和定語從句。A.賓語從句:在復合句中作主句的賓語。常見的連詞有:that, if/whether, what, who,whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等。找出下列句子中的主句和從句:e.g. 我真的不知道這座橋什么時候能竣工。I really dont know when the bridge will be finished.媽媽告訴那位男孩太陽是從東方升起的。The mother told the boy that the sun rises in the east.B.狀語從句:可分

12、為時間、地點、條件、原因、結果、比較、目的和讓步等狀語從句,找出句子中的主句和從句:e.g. 那些日子我是如此的忙,以至于幾乎沒有時間去跟朋友玩。I was so busy with my school work that I had little time to play with my friendsin those days.盡管他很年輕,但懂的卻很多。Though he is young, he knows a lot.睡覺之前你會刷牙嗎?Do you brush your teeth before you go to bed?除非你快點,不然你會錯過火車。You will miss

13、the train unless you hurry up.為了趕上第一趟公交車,我們出發(fā)的較早。We started early in order that (so that we could catch the first bus.我沒去,因為我害怕。I didnt go, because I am afraid.C.定語從句:由關系代詞who, that, which引導的限制性定語從句。找出句子中的主句和從句:e.g. 這位就是照顧Tom的阿姨。This is the aunt who looks after Tom.他是現在活著的最偉大的作家之一。He is one of the g

14、reatest writers who are living now.這就是你想要的書。This is the book which you want.坐落在教堂附近的大樓是我們的學校。The building which stands near the church is our school.她是在會議上唯一支持我的人。She is the only person that supports me at the meeting.詞性與句子成分的對應主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面

15、。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should h

16、elp the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.謂語:說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下:1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:He practices running every morning.2、復合謂語:(1由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has

17、caught a bad cold.(2由系動詞加表語構成。如:We are students.表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性: Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.Three times sev

18、en is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby(愛好is playing football.The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over.The truth is that he has never been abroad.賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性:They went to see an exhibition(展覽yesterday.The heavy rain prevented m

19、e form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think(thathe is fit for his office.賓語種類:(1雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語,例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2復合賓語(賓語+賓補,例如

20、:They elected him their monitor.補足語:用來補充說明主語或賓語用的。賓補:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性:His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustnt force him to lend his money to

21、you.We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性:Guilin is a beautiful city.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.狀語:

22、修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示指出下列句中劃線部分的詞性:Light travels most quickly.He has lived in the city for ten years.Once you begin, you must continue.指出下列劃線部分的狀語種類:How about meeting again at six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.I shall go there if it doesnt rai

23、n.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard though she is old.I am taller than he is.判斷劃線部分的句子成分:Frankly, hed like to listen to music.Here you should speak frankly.He came back, hung

24、ry and tired.Focused Practice (1指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many ph

25、otos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anythi

26、ng else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet. Listen to Mariah Careys Without

27、You and try to analysis the sentence structure of the lyric.No I cant forget this eveningor your face as you were leavingBut I guess thats just the waythe story goesYou always smile but in your eyesyou sorrow showsYes it showsNo I cant forget tomorrowwhen I think of all my sorrowWhen I had you there

28、 but then I let you goAnd now its only fairthat I should let you knowwhat you should knowI cant live if living is without youI cant live I cant give anymore I cant live if living is without you I cant live I cant give anymoreWell I cant forget this eveningor your face as you were leaving But I guess

29、 thats just the waythe story goesYou always smile but in your eyes you sorrow showsYes it showsI cant live if living is without you I cant live I cant give anymore I cant live if living is without youI cant live if living is without you I cant live I cant give anymore I cant liveFocused Practice(2.

30、Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.(AA. foodB. becauseC. regularlyD. asleepE. improveF. changeG. concentrateH. coffeeI. enoughJ. maintainK. linkThere are many things you can do to your memory,

31、such as using various memorizing methods as well as taking special care of your health.It is important that you stimulate your brain to make your memory more efficient. For example, you can do activities that you do not usually do and your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain develop.

32、 When trying to memorize something, you should focus your attention and concentrate on the most important things about it. Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind this will lower your chances of remembering things accurately.An excellent way to help memory is to information with pictures. Try

33、 to see the images in your mind. Taking notes, being organized and keeping a diary will also be useful tools.Healthy and plenty of vitamins(維他命are essential for your memory to work properly. Drinking a lot of water also helps maintain your memory. You must allow your brain to have sleep and rest too

34、. When you are , your brain stores memory. Not enough sleep can, therefore, cause problems with storing information. In addition, being tired will stop you from being able to concentrate well. Caffeine in tea and is very good at preventing sleepiness and helping concentration, but some people believ

35、e they may cause problems with memory.In order to well, you must be relaxed. Generally keeping fit and having regular health checks are both important as well, and not just for improving your memory.(BA. writeB. spendC. similarD. exactlyE. hardlyF. cooksG. tellH. differentI. answerJ. makeK. robotIt

36、was another usual day at school. My parents still ask me to go to the school building, even though half the students in my class are ever there at all. They prefer to use computers at home to watch and listen to our teacher, and then send their homework in by e-mail. My parents have ideas they think

37、 it is good for me to spend more time with friends of a age. I suppose they are right, but I also wish I could more time with my robot, as well.It was raining today, so I was very happy that Mr. Right, the house , was waiting to take me home. Mr. Right always takes me to school in the morning and pi

38、cks me up in the afternoon. It is fun to sit on his back while he flies to the flat where we live. I cannot imagine travelling any other way.Mr. Right does so many other things, as well. He cleans the house, washes and dries clothes, and a wonderful dinner as he can tell what temperature the food is

39、 and knows when meat or vegetables are perfectly cooked. He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can whether there is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found.One thing I really like about Mr. Right is that

40、his brain has a connection to the Internet, so he can any of my questions in just a few seconds. Another great thing is that when my parents are not at home, he makes me happy. He knows millions of jokes and lots of funny stories.I am so happy he is part of my life.Today my homework is to an article

41、 about which piece of technology has made my life different. I think you can guess what I will write about. I should go and start my homework.(CA.changeB. resultC. manyD. likelyE. travelF. LuckilyG. endedH. UnfortunatelyI. terribleJ. completelyK. mistakenIf you live in Tornado(龍卷風 area, you keep a c

42、lose eye on the sky. This part of the mid-western United States has as as 300 tornadoes blowing through it every year. Local people know that a twister(旋風 may be only a hop, skip, and a jump away. Twisters are tornadoes, and tornadoes are trouble for people living there.A tornado is wind caused by a

43、 thunderstorm (雷雨. Tornadoes are the most winds on Earth. They can travel up to 300 miles an hour. At that high speed, they damage almost anything. As they move, tornadoes turn round quickly in a twisting movement. They direction without warning.Once youve seen a tornado, youre not to forget it. It

44、has a unique(獨特的 appearance. Take an ice cream cone, turn it upside down, and youve got a model for a tornado. The sound is also hard to be . Everything becomes silent. Even the insects stop buzzing. It seems the tornado take in all of the sound from the air. Suddenly it shouts it all back out in a

45、roar, like a train running out of control.But sometimes the cant be predicted. Have yo u ever seen the film The wizard of Oz (綠野仙蹤? Remember the scene when Dorothys house flies? A tornado once carried a house through the air for two miles. Another twister lifted a china cabinet(櫥柜and dropped it back

46、 to Earth some miles away. No dish was broken. Once, a tornado swept a child and her pony into the air. Her mother found her half a mile away, still sitting on the pony. , neither the girl nor her pony was seriously hurt.These stories happily. Most tornado stories dont. These terrible windstorms usu

47、ally bring sadness, death and even disasters. In 1955, a tornado killed 34 people in one town. Three thousand buildings, including five schools, were damaged.Luckily, tornadoes seldom last more than an hour. Most only at about 20 miles per hour. They are almost always less than a few hundred yards w

48、ide. Thats a good thing for us! Iftwisters were any worse than they are, tornado area would be a tornado wastelandHome Assignment.找出句子的各項成分1.兩天后,女孩發(fā)現自己在一間黑屋中,開始大聲求助。Two days later, the girl found herself in a dark room and started to cry for help.2.他到達了一個小村莊,看到一座古屋,滿懷興趣地走進去了。He arrived at a small vi

49、llage, saw an old house and entered it with great interest.3.無論你去哪里,都要努力工作。Wherever you go, you should work hard.4.既然你生病了,我就一個人去。Since you are ill, I will go alone.5.他們早早出發(fā),為了能按時到達機場。They set out early in order that they could arrive at the airport on time.6.他一定會來我們的晚會,除非他有些急事要做。He is sure to come t

50、o our party unless he has some urgent work to do.7.雖然天在下雨,他們仍在田間干活。Although its raining, they are still working in the field.8.他起床很早,從而趕上了頭班汽車。He got up so early that he caught the first bus.9.他來時我將把此事告訴他。I will tell him about it when he comes.10.如果你告訴我出了什么問題,我就能幫助你。I can hel p you if you tell me wh

51、ats wrong. Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.(AA. musicB. leavingC. abilityD. relieveE. tookF. increasedG. nearlyH. scientific I. doing J. have K. influenceMusic not only gives you something t

52、o sing and dance to, but also can make you feel happier. Scientists say that music can help to relax peoples mind and even help to pain. How does music work its magic? It is the fact that music can adjust(調節(jié) our mood. Recently, there is a research to back up what we have always known about music. Th

53、e studies have shown that when people are excited or happy they are more helpful. The opposite(相反的情況 happens when people feel aggressive (好斗的 or under stress. The use of can influence how helpful people can be.Dr. Adrian North made a study with 256 university students. Half the group exercise in the

54、 gymnasium listening to music which can bring happiness and the other half exercised to aggressive music. When the gym, the students were asked to hand out flyers (傳單 insupport of the local disabled athletes foundation(殘疾運動員基金會.The results showed that half of the group that listened to happy music w

55、ere willing to (愿意hand out flyers. But less than 20% in the group that heard the aggressive music were willing to do so. This study suggests that our choice of music can our willingness to cooperate (合作.While a study also shows that productivity (生產效率 can be with the right choice of background music

56、 in the workplace. As music stimulates (刺激 workers mind, job satisfaction is often positively influenced. Other studies have shown that workers who are in a good mood have more job satisfaction than those in a bad mood.These studies show that music can have a powerful influence on a persons to coope

57、rate. Moods have a direct influence(直接影響on cooperation and job satisfaction. These factors(因素also a direct relationship to the success of a business.(BA.afraidB. interviewC. relaxedD. difficultE. easyF. finalG. chattedH. disappointedI. employedJ. passedK. excitedlyMy daughter, Tina, began to look for a job several months before she graduated from university. Because of the financial crisis (金融危機, it is more to g