1、第一組： spend/ take /costspend的主語(yǔ)通常是“人”，即“某人在花多少時(shí)間或金錢?！崩洌?）The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那個(gè)男孩花了很多錢玩電子游戲。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花費(fèi)很多錢在書本上。）take前常以it作形式主語(yǔ)，作“做某事需要花多少時(shí)間?！盜t takes (人)時(shí)間 to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?（你需要多少時(shí)

2、間才能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一個(gè)小時(shí)修理自行車。）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（說真話需要很大的勇氣。）cost的主語(yǔ)通常是事物，即指 某物值多少錢需要多少時(shí)間某人花了多少錢使（某人）（喪失）（事/物）cost（人）時(shí)間/金錢1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（這塊手表花了我200塊錢。）2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（寫本小說要花很多時(shí)間。）3)The girls b

3、ad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那個(gè)女孩的不良行為使得她的父母許多夜晚睡不著。）注意：cost的過去式，過去分詞都是cost。清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系學(xué)生專用學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)：適合初中、高中、大學(xué)學(xué)生、以及英語(yǔ)工作者使用。官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供第二組：speak/say/tell/talkspeak說某種語(yǔ)言，說某人好、壞話是及物動(dòng)詞；發(fā)表講話，對(duì)某人說話，是不及物動(dòng)詞。1)The students speak English very fluently.（這些學(xué)生英語(yǔ)說得非常流利。）2)The Prime Minister

4、spoke on the international situation.（首相就國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)表了演說。）3)She always speaks ill of others.（她總是說別人的壞話。）speak的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地說Strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說not to speak of 且不說；更不用說1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人強(qiáng)壯。）2)We can speak English, not to speak

5、of Chinese.（我們會(huì)讀英語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)更不用說了。）say說出某句話或某件事；后接從句，（但say與從句之間不能直接接人稱代詞或名詞）；說明時(shí)間；書信、布告報(bào)紙上的“說”，習(xí)慣用法1)She said ,“I love you.”（她說：“我愛你?！保?)Say goodbye to them.（跟他們說再見。）3)She says she is busy.（她說她很忙。）4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十點(diǎn)整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（報(bào)上說上海發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火）。6)

6、It is said that she has been away for a month.（據(jù)說她已走了一個(gè)月了）7)It goes without saying that education is important.（不用說，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是個(gè)好學(xué)生，也就是說，他在學(xué)校的成績(jī)很好。） tell說謊；講故事；說實(shí)話1)Dont tell a lie.（不要說謊。）2)She likes to tell stories.（她喜歡講故事。）3)

7、We should always tell the truth.（我們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)說實(shí)話。） tell辨別；叫某人做某事；接“間接”與“直接”賓語(yǔ)；tell賓語(yǔ)that從句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.（有時(shí)我們無(wú)法辨別是非。）（他告訴我他要去那兒。）talk連續(xù)地說話；習(xí)慣用法1)What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩們講什么？）2)Young people like to talk politics.（年青人喜歡談?wù)撜?。?)I talked over the matter with her.（我與

8、她談?wù)摿四莻€(gè)問題。）第三組：take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“帶去”“拿去”解；從近處把東西送到遠(yuǎn)處例句：1)Shell take her children to the park.（她要帶孩子去公園。）2)Its raining, youd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨傘帶上。）bring“拿來；帶來”；從遠(yuǎn)處把東西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿給我。）2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorro

9、w.（明天你來的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)把你的報(bào)告帶來。）carry作“攜帶，帶去；搬運(yùn)”解1)She always carries a red handbag.（她總是帶一個(gè)紅色手包。）2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.（請(qǐng)把這臺(tái)電視搬到樓上去。）fetch作“去取來，拿來；叫某人來”解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那邊呢，請(qǐng)把它拿回來。）2)Fetch the police at once. Weve found the robber.（馬上去叫警察來，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)搶劫的人。）第四組：wear/

10、put on/ dresswear穿著，戴；留，表示“狀態(tài)”是及物動(dòng)詞需加賓語(yǔ)例句：1)She always wears a pair of glasses.（她總是戴著一副眼鏡。）2)He wears a black jacket today.（今天他穿著一件黑色的夾克。）put on穿上，戴上，表示“動(dòng)作”例句：1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老師戴上帽子然后走出辦公室。）2)Put on the gloves .Its cold outside.（戴上手套外面很涼。）dress作“穿著的衣服”解；給某人穿衣

11、服不用寫衣服例句：1)She is dressed in red.（她穿著紅衣服。）2)The mother dresses the child every day.（那位母親每天給孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3)She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一個(gè)例句。）第五組：do /makedo“做”主要是用來表示“行動(dòng)”“行為”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名詞，如do wrong（犯錯(cuò)）?！皐rong”是抽象名詞常與do搭配的短語(yǔ)有：do ones do (the) some do sb. a favor幫人忙do with利用；

12、忍受；需要do away with廢除do without用不著；不需要have do sb. do nothing but do除了做以外什么也沒做do business做生意例句：1)Ill do the dishes today.（今天我來洗盤子。）2)Ive done my homework.（我已經(jīng)做完了作業(yè)。）3)Crying does harm to you.（哭對(duì)你沒有益處。）4)Will you do me a favor?（能否幫我一個(gè)忙？）5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.（我們做生意沒有電話是不行的。）

13、6)The new teacher didnt know what to do with the class.（新老師不知道如何對(duì)待他班上的學(xué)生。）7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.（昨晚我除了看電視以外什么也沒有做。）8)Who does your hair?（平常是誰(shuí)給你做頭發(fā)的？）make“作”，表示“制造”，其后的賓語(yǔ)是make的產(chǎn)品。如make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可數(shù)名詞常與make動(dòng)詞搭配的短語(yǔ)有：make a make an make make例句：1) They have make great progre

14、ss in learning English.（在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)方面他們已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。）2)Who is going to make a speech today?（今天誰(shuí)來演說？）3)Dont make a noise.噓?。ú灰雎?。）4)She makes her living as a teacher.（她作教師來維持生計(jì)。）第一組： lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物動(dòng)詞，躺；位于lielaylainlying例句：Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three da

15、ys.(她已經(jīng)在床上躺了三天了。)2)lay及物動(dòng)詞，放置；下蛋l(fā)aylaidlaidlaying例句：These hens lay eggs every day.(這些雞每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物動(dòng)詞，說謊lieliedliedlying例句：Dont lie to me.(別騙我。)She lies about her career.(她編造她的經(jīng)歷。)第二組：hear/listen tohear聽；是一種“自然無(wú)意的動(dòng)作?！県ear of聽說過hear from得到消息例句：The deaf canno

16、t hear.(聾子聽不見。)listen是一種“有意的動(dòng)作。”如后面有賓語(yǔ)則需加to；如沒有賓語(yǔ)，listen后不可加to。例句：Listen, somebody is crying.(聽，有人在哭。)I listened but heard nothing.(我注意聽了，但沒聽見什么。)Listen to me.(聽我說。)第三組：sit/set/seatsit不及物動(dòng)；坐；就座；sitsatsatsitting例句：He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在書桌旁寫信。)Sit here until she comes back.(坐在這里等她回來

17、。)set安置；下沉；點(diǎn)燃；出考題；定時(shí)；樹立(榜樣)setsetsetsetting例句：Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom，擺好桌子準(zhǔn)備吃飯。)He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把鬧鐘定在早晨6點(diǎn)鐘。)My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我們老師試題出得非常難。)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太陽(yáng)從東方升起從西方落下。)seat使坐；容納seatseatedseated

18、seating例句：)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(這家戲院至少能容納2000人。)Please be seated.(請(qǐng)坐下。)此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁邊。)第四組：rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse1)rise(太陽(yáng)、月亮)升起，起來；(物價(jià))上漲；(水)高漲riseroserisenrising例句：Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太陽(yáng)是從東方升起。

19、)Prices have risen quickly.(物價(jià)快速上漲了。)She rose to her feet.(她站了起來。)2)raise舉起；養(yǎng)育；募款raiseraisedraisedraising例句：Raise your hand please.(請(qǐng)你把手舉起來。)The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(這位農(nóng)民在農(nóng)場(chǎng)養(yǎng)了許多綿羊。)They are raising founds for the expedition.(他們正在籌募探險(xiǎn)的基金。)arise(問題、困難)發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生、出現(xiàn)；起(風(fēng)、霧)arisearosearis

20、enarising例句：A strong wind arose this morning.(今天早上刮起強(qiáng)風(fēng)。)A different problem has arisen.(不同的問題發(fā)生了。)A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起霧了。)arouse通常表示比喻或情緒方面的“激發(fā)”arousearousedarousedarousing例句：The book aroused my interest in learning English.(這本書引起我對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)感興趣。)The speaker aroused the anger of the audience.(演

21、講者激起了聽眾的怒氣。)rouse通常表示比較具體的“叫醒”或“喚醒”rouserousedrousedrousing例句：The sound roused him from reflection.(聲音使他從深思中驚醒。)The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(聽到有人對(duì)他朋友造謠，使他怒火中燒。)第五組：lend/借出borrow1)lend人物lend物to人例如：Please lend me your dictionary.Please lend your dictionary to me.(請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我。)I w

22、ill lend you $200, but I cant lend money to him.(我借給你200美元，但我不能借錢給他。)borrow借入borrow物from人She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已從學(xué)校的圖書館借了很多書。)He often borrows money from me.(他經(jīng)常從我這兒借錢。)第六組：fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfallen落下；跌倒fall asleep睡著/fall behind落后例句：An apple fell to the g

23、round.(一個(gè)蘋果落在地上。)Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心，否則你會(huì)跌倒。)feelfeltfeltfeel likedoing sth.想要；feel sleepy.想睡例句：Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感覺到你的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)嗎？)Both my legs didnt feel.(我的雙腿沒有感覺。)I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。)Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步

24、？)fellfelledfelled砍伐例句：A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多樹被人伐倒了。)failfailedfailed失敗例句：He has failed in English exam again.(他英語(yǔ)考試又沒及格。)第七組：win/beatwinwonwonwin a prize得到獎(jiǎng)品win a war打了勝仗win a game贏得比賽win an election選舉獲勝例句：Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我們隊(duì)以3比2贏了比賽。)Who do you think

25、 will win the beauty contest?(你認(rèn)為那場(chǎng)選美誰(shuí)會(huì)獲勝？)beatbeatbeatenbeat是打敗了對(duì)手例句：He beat me in the race.(他在賽跑中贏了我。)We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我們已連續(xù)3年打敗他們的球隊(duì)。)My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看見她，我的心跳就加快。)第一組:cure/recover/restore/heal1)curecuredcured 治療（疾?。┪颿ure人of病人be cured of病例句：This medic

26、ine will cure your headache.（這種藥會(huì)治好你的頭痛病。）The doctor cured her of a cold.（醫(yī)生醫(yī)好了她的感冒。）She was cured of her disease.（她的痛被治好了。）2)recoverrecoveredrecovered恢復(fù)（健康）；痊愈；復(fù)元與from連用例句：After a few days rest, she has recovered her health.（休息幾天后，她已恢復(fù)健康。）They havent recovered from the shock yet.（他們還未從那次打擊中恢復(fù)過來。）3)

27、restorerestoredrestored使恢復(fù)健康；修復(fù)；重建例句：The doctor restored the girl to health.（醫(yī)生恢復(fù)了那個(gè)女孩的健康。）The girl was restored to health.The workers have already restored the ruined temple.（工人們已修復(fù)了這座毀壞的寺廟。）4)healhealedhealed主要指?jìng)诘闹斡?；消除；平息。例句：His wound is not yet healed.（他的傷口尚未痊愈。）Time heals all broken hearts.（時(shí)間可

28、以消除一切憂傷。）第二組：reach/arrive/get to1)reachreachedreached及物動(dòng)詞到達(dá)，不加to等分詞。例句：They will reach Shanghai tonight.（今晚他們將抵達(dá)上海。）2)arrivearrivedarrived不及物動(dòng)詞到達(dá)，加介詞in（大地方）at小地方。例句：Ill phone you when I arrive in New York.（我到紐約后會(huì)給你電話。）What time will they arrive at the airport?（他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)？）3)getgotgotten(got)不及物動(dòng)詞需加

29、上to加上地點(diǎn)表示到達(dá)，但接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)不加to。例句：What time does the train get to Beijing?（火車什么時(shí)間到達(dá)北京？）When I set to Japan, Ill write to you.（我到了日本就給你寫信。）They got home safely.（他們平安到家。）注：此處home是副詞不能加to。注：“到達(dá)”reacharrive at (in)get to到達(dá)上海到達(dá)家/這里/那里第三組：hang/hang1)hanghangedhanged及物動(dòng)詞吊死；處（人）絞刑；上吊。例句：He hanged himself last week

30、.（上星期他上吊自殺了。）The man was hanged for murder.（那個(gè)男子因謀殺罪被處絞刑。）hanghunghung及物動(dòng)詞把掛上；把吊起。例句：She hung curtains over the windows.（她把窗簾掛上窗上。）A picture is hung on the wall.（墻上掛著一幅畫。）第四組：affect/effect1)affectaffectedaffected及物動(dòng)詞對(duì)影響，感動(dòng)（人的）心，使感動(dòng)例句：The noise from the street affected our study.（馬路上的噪音影響我們學(xué)習(xí)。）Her st

31、ory affected us deeply.（她的故事深深地打動(dòng)我們的心。）2)effecteffectedeffected及物動(dòng)詞使產(chǎn)生；實(shí)現(xiàn)（目的），造成（結(jié)果）effect很少作動(dòng)詞用，通常只跟change連用。例句It will effect, no change of importance.（不會(huì)引起重大的變化。）第五組：thank/appreciate1)thankthankedthanked感謝，后接人例句：You dont have to thank me.（你不必向我道謝。）She thanked me for my help.（她感謝我?guī)兔?。）appreciateappr

32、eciatedappreciated感激；欣賞，后接事或物例句：I greatly appreciate your help.（我很感激你的幫助。）She doesnt appreciate good English poetry.（她不會(huì)欣賞好的英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌。）第六組：choose/select/elect/pick out1)choosechosechosen挑選；選拔；選擇，指憑自己的判斷力在人或物中進(jìn)行挑選，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)精選。例句：Id like to choose a new tie for me.（我想給自己挑一條新領(lǐng)帶。）I want to choose her a nice prese

33、nt.（我想要挑選一份精美的禮物送給她。）The football players chose him as their team leader.（足球隊(duì)員們選他當(dāng)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。）2)select精選；挑選；選定，強(qiáng)調(diào)慎重考慮后的選擇。例句：The farmer taught us how to select seeds.（這位農(nóng)民教我們?nèi)绾芜x種。）She was selected from among many applicants.（她是從許多報(bào)名者中選拔出來的。）Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?（你讀過魯迅選集嗎？）3)elect選舉；推選例句：We

34、 elected her monitor.（我們推選她為班長(zhǎng)。）We elected him mayor.（我們選他為市長(zhǎng)。）pick out 認(rèn)出；挑出；挑選；多用口語(yǔ)例句：I picked out an old friend in a crowd.（我從人群中認(rèn)出了一位老朋友。）She picked out the shoes that match the dress.（她選出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。）第七組：join/join in/take part in/attend1)join及物動(dòng)詞加入（團(tuán)體，組織，參軍）、同一起干或玩、連接例句：I joined the Party in 1975.（我1975年入黨。）His brother joined the army two years ago.（兩年前他哥哥參軍。）They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.（他們?cè)谟?jì)劃用一條鐵路把兩個(gè)鎮(zhèn)連接起來。）2)join in 參加（某些活動(dòng)）例