1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2005年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)大全一.名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 1.直接加s: maps, books, bags, days, boys, birds. 2.以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾時(shí)變y為i加es: country-countries, factory-factories, baby-babies, family-families, 3.以s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的單詞加es: fox-foxes, dish-dishes, brush-brushes, bus-buses, class-classes, glass-glasses box

2、-boxes, watch-watches4.以o 結(jié)尾的加s, radio-radios, photo-photos, zoo-zoos, 但potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes必須加es5.以f, fe 結(jié)尾的單詞變f 為v加es: wife-wives, half-halves, shelf- shelves, knife-knives, life-lives, thief-thieves,但reef必須加s.不規(guī)則變化為：sheep-sheep, fish-fish, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

3、, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, Frenchman-Frenchmen, Englishman-Englishmen, policeman-policemen, German-Germans, foot-feet, child-children, tooth-teeth. 不可數(shù)名詞：work, homework, housework, time, knowledge, money, weather, fruit, food, rain snow, wind, ice, bread, porridge, orange, water, tea, rice,

4、 meat, news, paper, help, help, excuse 名詞（借口，理由）, beef, cotton(棉花)， health, pork, salt, silk（絲綢） sand（沙子） space=room(空間) sugar, wood（木頭） wool many=a lot of=lots of=a number of=numbes of許多，a few=several幾個(gè)，few=not沒有,跟可數(shù)名詞。Much=a lot of=lots of=a plenty of許多，a little=a bit of一點(diǎn)，little=not沒有，跟不可數(shù)名詞注意: p

5、eople沒有單數(shù)，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，persons=people; cloud云彩和chalk既可當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞又可當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞。二.名詞所有格是在名詞后面加 s, 以 s結(jié)尾的加 ,另外人用s, 物用 of 如：Meimeis book , Bobs bike, the students of class, a picture of my family, a friend of Jimsthe students desks, Teachers Day教師節(jié)，Womens Day, Childrens Day, Lucy and Lilys room 路絲和利麗共有的房間，Jims and Toms

6、fathers吉姆和湯姆各自的父親三.代詞的用法:1.主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 作主語(yǔ) 2. 賓格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 用在動(dòng)詞和介詞后作賓語(yǔ) . 3.形容詞性物主代詞：my your, his, her, its, our your, their 后面必須跟名詞 4. 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours yours, theirs,5.反身代詞：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourse

7、lves, yourselves, themselves,6.反身代詞的搭配： teach oneself=learn by oneself(自學(xué)) 如: I teach myself English.=I learn English by myself. buy oneself sth. 如：He bought himself a pen.他為自己買了一支鋼筆。 enjoy oneself=have a good timehelp oneself to some food( some drink) 自用食物和飲料，hurt oneself傷到自己，look after oneself, by

8、 oneself=alone獨(dú)自，leave by oneself=leave alone把某人單獨(dú)留下， 7.指示代詞：this-these, that-those, this(that) is; these(those) are8.不定代詞：代表人的有：everyone(body), someone(body), anyone(body), no one=nobody 代表物的有：everything , something , anything , nothing注意：（1）當(dāng)單數(shù)用。如：Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my bike.

9、 Everything begins to grow. Is there anything cheaper? （2）另外something, someone用于肯定句，anything, anyone用于否定句和肯定句。 no=not any, nothing=not anything, nobody=not anybody=no one=not anyone 如：I can see nothing. =I can not see anything. There is nobody here.= There is not anybody here. (3)不定代詞用形容詞修飾時(shí)，要把形容詞放在

10、后面。如：There is nothing serious.沒有什么嚴(yán)重的。 There is something wrong with my radio.我的收音機(jī)沒有毛病。 9. all_none用于三者以上，all（都）用復(fù)數(shù)，none（都沒有）用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)都行。它們代人代物都行。 如：All of the boys are in the room .= All the boys are in the rom .=The boys are all in the room .所有的男孩都在間 All of the animals are jumping=All the animals ar

11、e jumping.=The animals are all jumping.All of the meat is on the plates.=All the meat is on the plates.=The meat is all on the plates.None of the seats are / is mine. None of sheep is / are in the field. None of us have /has an egg . 10. both (都)_neither(二個(gè)都不)，用于二者，both表示肯定句，neither表示否定句。 如：They bot

12、h study French.=Both of them study French.肯定句Neither of them studies French. 否定句The girls are both at home.=Both of the girls are at home.肯定句 Neither of the girls is at home.否定句Both of the persons are doctors. 肯定句 Neither of the persons is a doctor.否定句Both of you do sports at school.肯定句 Neither of y

13、ou does sports at school.否定句We both have to stay on the farm. 肯定句 Neither of us has to stay on the farm.我們二個(gè)都不必呆在農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Bothand 當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)用_neithernor根據(jù)第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞Both he and she get to school at six._ Neither he nor she gets to school at school.Both he and I are students._ Neither he nor I am a student.Both Lil

14、y and lucy often fly the kites._ Neither Lily nor Lucy often flies the kites.Eitheror（或者或者，二者中其中一個(gè)），動(dòng)詞也根據(jù)第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)決定。如：Either you or Ann has a glass of water.或者你或者我喝一杯水。 Either he or I am a worker.或他或我是一位工人。11.other(其他的)后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù), 沒有地點(diǎn)的限定. 如:Some students are singing, other students are dancing. other stud

15、ents = othersthe other(后跟復(fù)數(shù)是其他的),有地點(diǎn)的限定. 如:Some students are writng in our class, the other students are reading. the other (后跟單數(shù)是兩者中另外一個(gè)). 如: There are two girls , one is my sister , the other girl is his sister. another (后跟單數(shù)是另外一個(gè)),但不規(guī)定在兩者用. 如:I have an apple, and I want another one. 2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can (c

16、ould), may(might), must(must), should應(yīng)該，have to(has to),不得不，be able to都跟動(dòng)詞原形。如：He can dance.=He is able to dance. 肯定句 Can he dance?=Is he able to dance?一般疑問句 回答：Yes, he can. No,he cant. Yes, he is. No, he isnt.否定句:He cant dance.=He is not able to dance.（注意：can=am/is/are able to do sth.）I could read

17、it easily last year.=I was able to read it easily last year.肯定句Could you read easily last year?=Were you able to read it easily last year?疑問句回答:Yes, I could. No,I could not. Yes, I was. No,I was not.否定句：I couldnt read it easily last year.=I was not able to read it easily.(could=was/were able to)She

18、can enjoy herself in the party tomorrow.=She will be able to enjoy herself in the party tomorrow. They may be at home.=Maybe/Perhaps they are at home. 他們可能在家。肯定句They may not be at home.=Maybe/Perhaps they arent at home.否定句May they be at home ? Yes, they can. No, they cant（.注意：may用can回答）She may have

19、a meeting.= Perhaps/Maybe she has a meeting .You must finish your work. 肯定句 You mustnt finish your work. 否定句 Must I finish my work? Yes, you must. No,you neednt.（注意：must 用neednt否定回答）We should speak loudly. 肯定句 We should not speak loudly. 否定句 Should we speak loudly? 疑問句 Yes, you should. No,you should

20、 not. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，以上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變否定句時(shí)在其后加not,疑問句往前提。need 在肯定句中做行為動(dòng)詞，在否定句中作行為動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都行。如：He needs to do some shopping. Does he need to do some shopping? Yes, he does. No,he doesnt. He doesnt need to do some shopping.=He neednt do some shopping.I(We, You, They) have to watch games. I(We, You, They) dont hav

21、e to watch games.Do you(I, we, they) have to watch games? Yes, I/we/they do. No,I/we/they dont.He/She/It has to go for a walk. He/ She/It doesnt have to go for a walk.Does he/she/it have to go for a walk? Yes, he/she/it does. No,he/she/it doesnt.I/We/You/You/He/She/It/They had to do housework. I/We/

22、He/They didnt have to do housework.Did you/he/she/they/it have to have to do housework? Yes, I/he/they did. No,I/she/he/they didnt.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有8種時(shí)態(tài)：1.動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱和名詞復(fù)數(shù)一樣：（1）加 “s”; looks , finds, jumps, begins, starts, plays (2) 以“s,x ,ch,sh,o”結(jié)尾的單詞結(jié)尾加“es”, passes, relaxes, teaches, catches, watches, washes,

23、finishes,rushes, brushes, goes, does, (3)以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“ y”為“I”加 “es” tidy-tidies, try-tries, fly-flies, carry-carries, study-studies (4)特殊的有 “have-has” 單數(shù)第三人稱用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它表示習(xí)慣/經(jīng)常/有時(shí)有規(guī)律的事，它的構(gòu)成是：I(We,You,You,They，名詞復(fù)數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形 ；He (She,It 名詞單數(shù)) +動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱。I (We,You,They) have lunch at home. 肯定句） He/She/It h

24、as supper at school. I(We,You,They) dont have lunch at home. 否定句 ） He/She/It doesnt have supper at school. Do you(we,they) have lunch at home? (一般疑問句）Does she/It have supper at school? .Yes, I we/ you/ they do. No, I/we/ you/ they dont. Yes, he she/ it does. No he/ she/ it doesnt. Who has lunch at h

25、ome? ( 特殊疑問句） Who has supper at school? What do you/they have lunch? (同上） What does he/she/it have at school?Where do you/they have at home? （ 同上）Where does he/ she/it have supper at school?The people watch the match sometimes. This person watches the match sometimes.The people dont watch the match

26、sometimes. This person doesnt watch the match sometimes.Do the people watch the match sometimes? Does this person watch the match sometimes?Yes, they do. No,they dont. ( 肯定回答,否定回答) Yes, he does. No,he doesnt. 注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常用always, often, usually, every( day, week, month, year), in the(morning, afternoo

27、n, evening), on( Sundays, Saturdays Tuesdays) , sometimes, 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2.動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)和過去分詞一樣，規(guī)則變化都是加 “ ed。（1）加 “ ed” 。例如：worked, catched, planted, played, needed, (2)以輔音字母加 “Y”結(jié)尾的單詞變 “y”為 “I” 加 “ed”。 carry-carried, study-studied, tidy-tidied, try-tried. (3)以 “e”結(jié)尾的加 “d”, move-moved, liked, loved .(4)雙寫的有：stop

28、-stopped, shop-shopped, drop-dropped, prefer-preferred, travel-trve(l)led, plan-planned. 動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)用于一般過去時(shí)，它表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)。常與yesterday, three days ago,the day before yesterday, last week( month, year), just now=a moment ago, in 1990 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It/ They tidied the house just n

29、ow.（肯定句 ） I/ We/ You/ You/He/ She/ It/ They didnt tidy the house just now（否定句） Did you/ I / we /he /she/ it/ they/ tidy the house just now?（一般疑問句 ） Yes, I/ we/ he/ she/ they did. No, I/ we didnt. What did you/ he/ she/ it/ they do? What did you/ he/ she/ they tidy? When did you/ he/ she/ they tidy t

30、he house? 3.動(dòng)詞的過去分詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)中。（1）它表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。常與already（已經(jīng)）, yet（還）, just（剛剛）, ever（曾經(jīng)）, never（從來沒有過）, before（以前） so far（至今為止）,in ones life（終生）連用。already用于肯定句和一般疑問句中，即可放在have/has與過去分詞之間，又可放在句末。Yet用于疑問句和否定句句末。Before， so far ， in one s life 放在句末。(just ever never)放在 have/has和過去分詞的中間。in the p

31、ast 2 years在過去的二年如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet ? Yes ,I have. No, I havent. He has ever broken windows before. He has never broken windows before. Has he ever broken windows before? Yes ,he has. No ,he hasnt.They have ju

32、st left home for school. How many songs has she learned so far? I have never seen such a beautiful mountains in my life.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，與 for three days(三天時(shí)間)，since last year(自從去年)， ever since1996（自從1996 年），同時(shí)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。Leave-be away, come back-be back , come here-be here, go out-b

33、e out, go there-be there begin( start)-be on, finish-be over, join-be in, die-be dead, open-be open, close-be closed borrow-keep, buy-have, get to know-know如：My father has left here for a month._My father has been away from here for a month. I have come back for a week._ I have been back for a week.

34、 She has come here since yesterday._ She has been here since yesterday. They have gone out since a year ago._ They have been out since a year ago.He has gone to Beijing for 3 years._ She has been in Beijing for 3 years. This film has begun since this morning._ This film has been on since this mornin

35、g.The meeting has finished since we arrived at the office._ The meetinting has been over since we arrived at the office. He and I have joined the army since we were 18 years old._ He and I have been in the army since we were 18 years old.My dog has died for 5 years._ My dog has been dead for 5 years

36、. This shop has opened since 1990._ This shop has been open since 1990.Lily has bought this bike since she came here._ Lily has had this bike since she came here.We have borrowed this book for ten minutes._ We have kept this book for ten minutes. This shop has closed ever since last week._ This shop

37、 has been closed ever since last week. She started to teach for20 years ._ She has taught for 20 years.（3）have /has been to somewhere=have/has ever been to somewhere 曾經(jīng)去過某地 have/has never been to somewhere（從來沒去過某地） have/has gone to somewhere（已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在沒回來） have/has been in somewhere for an hour (sinc

38、e a year ago)（已經(jīng)在某地多久了）如：I have (ever)been to Xian twice.（我曾去過西安兩次。）How many times have you been to Xian? She has gone to that park.（她已經(jīng)去那個(gè)公園了。） They have been in that city for one month.（他們已經(jīng)在那座城市一個(gè)月了。） How long have they been in that city ? He has been in Guangzhou since one month ago.（自從一個(gè)月之前他就在廣

39、州了。） How long has he been in Guangzhou? We have never been to Beijing.（我們從來沒去過北京。） 4過去分詞還用過去完成時(shí)中，它的構(gòu)成是 had +過去分詞。 When we got there , the train had left. By the end of the match ,they had cicked two goals. By last week ,he had written two letters. He said he had seen that bird already. 5將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

40、，目前還未發(fā)生。它的構(gòu)成是：be going to+動(dòng)詞原形；Will+動(dòng)詞原形； I/ We +shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形。 它常與tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week( month, year), next Saturday(Monday,Wednesday,Thurday), this afternoon( evening), tonight, soon等時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。I am going to have a meeting this afternoon. Are you going to have a meeting this aftern

41、oon?I am not going to have a meeting this afternoon? Yes, I am. No, Im not.What are you going to do? When are you have a meeting? He/ She/ It is going to see a film tonight. Is / he/she going to see a film tonight? He/ She/ It isnt going to see a film. Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is. What is he

42、/ she/ it going to do? Who is going to see a film? We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghai in summer. Are you/ we / they going to spend holiday in summer? Yes, you/they are. No,you/they arent.We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghi in summer. Where are you/ they going to spe

43、nd holiday?I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will play volleyball next week. Will you/ she/ he/ they play volleyball next week?I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will not(wont) play volleyball. What will you/he/ she do? When will you/ they/ play it?I/ We shall go for a walk on Thursday morning. Shall I/ We go

44、for a walk on Thursday?I/ We shall not go for a walk. What shall I/ We do? When shall I/ We go for a walk?注意：will =be going to用于各種人稱。shall用于第一人稱 I和we。一般疑問句把shall,will提前,否定句是在will后面加not, will not=wont,或在be動(dòng)詞后面加not.Shall I/ We have classes?= Let me/ us have classes. =Why not have classes? =Why dont we

45、 have classes? =What about having classes? (一般疑問句提shall,既表示將來又表示請(qǐng)求，此五句是同意句) 6.過去將來時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間，將要發(fā)生的事。它的構(gòu)成是would+動(dòng)詞原形。was/ were going to+動(dòng)詞原形。I didnt know if he would come tomorrow. =I didnt know if he was going to come tomorrow.I was sure that she was going to speak at the meeting. I was sure that she

46、 would speak at the meeting.I wanted to know if/ whether it would rain next month. ( would=was going to rain)They never knew that the population would become a big problem.(would=were going to become)She didnt know where they would go.(would=were going to go)注意：主句是過去時(shí)，從句的將來時(shí)就用過去將來時(shí)。Would 是will 的過去時(shí)，

47、I/ He/ She/ It was going to+動(dòng)詞原形，We/ You/ They were going to +動(dòng)詞原形。7另外動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, travel, 這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。He is leaving (will leave) Lanzhou for Xian next January. Jim is coming (will come) the day after tomorrow.They said they were going ( would go) home soon. I told him that

48、 we were traveling( would travel) next March.8.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中，它的構(gòu)成是 ving(1)直接加 “ ing” ,sing-singing, play-playing, call-calling, build-building,find-finding.(2)以一個(gè) “e”結(jié)尾的單詞去 “e” 加 “ing” move-moving, like-liking, love-loving, shine-shining, write-writing, freeze-freezing結(jié)冰，凍結(jié) live-living, prac

49、tice-practicing, deserve-deserving應(yīng)得escape-escaping逃走，逃避，frustrate-frustrating使失敗，receive-receiving收到，pollute-polluting污染(3)雙寫的有：plan-planning, prefer-preferring, hit-hitting, cut-cutting, shop-shopping, drop-dropping, stop-stopping, grab-grabbing抓取，奪取； wag-wagging搖擺，擺動(dòng)； trap-trapping使陷入苦境 shut-shut

50、ting, beg-begging懇求，乞討；set-setting, spit-apitting談吐，吐唾, step-stepping踩，踏入 get-getting, run-running, put-putting, swim-swimming, begin-beginning, spit-spitting, fit-fitting（合適）(4)以 “ie”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變“ie”為 “y”加ing, lie-lying, tie-tying, die-dying.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生和進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它的構(gòu)成是: I am + ving ; He/ She/ It is ving, We/

51、 They/ You are ving. Its twelve oclock,I am cutting down the trees. Are you cutting down the trees? Its twelve oclock, I am not cutting down the trees. What are you doing?He/ She/ It is planning to surf in the sea now. Is he/ she/ it planning to surf in the sea now?He/ She/ It isnt planning to surf

52、now? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isnt.What is he/ she/ it doing now? Where is he/ she/ it planning to surf now?Listen, they are singing in the next room. Listen, are they singing in the next room?Listen, theyre not singing in the room. What are they doing? Where are they singing ?Look, you are

53、running. Look, are you running? Look, you arent running. What are you doing? 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生和進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它的構(gòu)成是was/ were +ving .I/ He/ She/ Wei Hua was watching TV last night. Was he/ she/ it watching TV last night?（一般疑問句）I/ He/ She/ Wei Hua wasnt watching TV last night. Yes, he/ she was. No, he/ she was

54、 not. What was he/ she/ it doing? What was he/ she/ it doing?We/ You/ They were making flowers this time yesterday. Were you/ we/ they making flowers this time yesterday? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they arent.We/ You/ They were not making flowers this time yesterday. When were you/ they making flowers ？Lucy and Lily were stopping crying at that time last Friday. Were they stopping crying at that time last Friday? Yes, they were. No, they werentLucy and Lily werent stopping crying at t