1、英語“一。就?！钡谋磉_(dá)英語中“一.就.”的表達(dá)方式豐富多彩，現(xiàn)將其表達(dá)形式及用法總結(jié)如下：1、 as soon as：as soon as 是最常見的表達(dá)方式，前一個(gè)as是副詞，后一個(gè)as是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。注意：(1) as soon as所指的動作發(fā)生在另一分句所指的動作之前。如：He made a phone call to me as soon as he came back.他一回來就給我打了個(gè)電話（回家在前，打電話在之后）。(2) as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。如：As soon as he came back, he paid a vis

2、it to me. = He paid a visit to me as soon as he came back.他一回來就來看我。(3) as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)或完成時(shí)，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)；主句的動詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。例如：We will go outing as soon as he returns. 他一回來，我們就去郊游。He started as soon as he received the news. 他一得到消息就出發(fā)了。As soon as I had got on the bus, my grandma said “goodbye”

3、 to me. 我一上車，外婆就向我說再見。2、 when，whenever和just when：在一般人眼里，when這個(gè)詞就是“時(shí)候”，“在時(shí)候”的意思，其實(shí)不然，它也有“每當(dāng)之時(shí)；一就”之意，作連詞，常與just連用。When單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，以及用whenever，對主從句謂語動作之間的時(shí)間差較寬泛，可長可短；而與just連用時(shí)兩者時(shí)間間隔就要較之更短暫緊迫。比如：(1) He looked aside when I spoke to him.我對他說的時(shí)候，他向旁邊看。（一對他說話，他就向旁邊看）(2) He had just drifted off to sleep when the p

4、hone rang.他剛睡著電話鈴就響了。(3) I had just finished the magazine when supper was served. 一讀完雜志，飯就端上來。(4) Ill visit him whenever I get the chance.一有機(jī)會我就會去看望他。 Whenever I think about this, I smile.每當(dāng)我想起這些，我都會笑。注意：如果把just放到句首，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)、用法就和hardly/scarcely/barely when一樣，just引導(dǎo)的句子要部分（had）倒裝，后面的句子用正常語序，一般為過去時(shí)態(tài)。比如：Ju

5、st had Dick left home when it began to rain. 狄克一離開家，天就開始下雨了。Just had he gone to bed when the telephone rang. 他一上床睡覺，電話鈴就響了。3、 once：once作副詞講是“一次”，“曾經(jīng)”等意思，但作連詞講就作“一旦”，“一就”講，相當(dāng)于“as soon as, from the moment that”。例如：(1) The water is fine once youre in! 你一下水，就會覺得水里挺舒服!(2) Once Mr. Wang arrives we can sta

6、rt. 王先生一到我們就可以動身。注意：(1) once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，常常隱含條件（，隱含“一旦”義，表達(dá)某個(gè)時(shí)段的將來的“一就”）。請看2001春季高考第14題：-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes. I gave it to her _I saw her.A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once答案：B分析：不少學(xué)生誤選D，但“once”隱含條件，意為“一旦就”，將該句理解成“我一旦見到他就把錢給了他”顯然不符合上下文的語境，故排除D?！皌he moment”看似

7、名詞詞組，但實(shí)際上用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故應(yīng)選B。(2) once后面的從句中?？刹捎檬÷越Y(jié)構(gòu)。Once seeing it (Once you see it )，you can never forget it.Once seen ( = Once it is seen )，it can never be forgotten.一（旦）見到了就永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。4、 at名詞或動名詞：at名詞或動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在表達(dá)“一就”含義時(shí)，其介詞詞組表示的動作在先，主句謂語表示的動作在后。一先一后之間的時(shí)間間隔并非如其它的表達(dá)方式那么緊密。往往無需將“一就”譯出，只是隱含而已。如：They rejoiced

8、 at the news of her safe return.他們?yōu)樗陌踩祷囟老病?1) at后的名詞或動名詞，一般是sight, thought, sound, hearing, idea或者see， hear， think of ，smell, touch 等情感、感觀動詞, 組成結(jié)構(gòu)為：at the sight/smell/touch/hearing/sound /(bare) thought /idea of，或者at seeing/hearing/thinking of 等，翻譯為：一看到/聞到/觸及到/聽到/想到就。句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)。如：At hearing th

9、e news, he rushed out. 一聽到這個(gè)消息，他就沖出去了。At the hearing of the news, he became happy.聽到這個(gè)消息他很高興。At the sight of the police officers they ran off.一看見那些警官，他們便逃跑了。He was filled astonishment at seeing the dead body.他看見尸體時(shí)驚恐萬狀。 On the other hand, my stomach will turn at the thought of frying food in animal

10、fat. 另一方面，我一想到動物油炸食品就會反胃。I was shuddered at thinking of it.我一想到它就發(fā)抖。I was so miserable at the idea of you in trouble.一想到你有麻煩，我就很痛苦。At the bare thought of her lost baby, she would burst into tears.一想到丟失的孩子，她就會淚流滿面。He was frightened at the sound of gun.他聽到槍聲嚇壞了。She wrinkled her nose in disgust at the

11、smell of urine.她聞到了一股尿騷味，惡心地皺起了鼻子。“At the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet.” By Plato. 柏拉圖說過，“一經(jīng)愛的觸摸，人人皆為詩人?！?2) 還可以用at the (mere)/(very) mention of 當(dāng)說到；一提到就，at the first opportunity (chance) 一有機(jī)會就等，例如：I feel sick at the mere mention of blood. 一提到血，我就惡心。Id like to pay a visit to her at the fir

12、st opportunity.我一有機(jī)會就去看望她。We decided to run at the first chance because we knew it would be a death march in weather like this.我們決定一有機(jī)會就逃，因?yàn)槲覀冎涝谶@種天氣里，走下去是非死不可的。(3) 以及還可以用at the news of/about/that，一聽到（的消息）就：They rejoiced at the news of her safe return.他們?yōu)椋?一聽到）她平安返回的消息而（/就）感到欣喜。People became wild wi

13、th joy at the news that the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Beijing.（一）聽到2008年在北京舉辦奧運(yùn)會的消息時(shí)，人們（就）欣喜若狂。I was surprised at the new about his death.（一聽到）他去世的消息令我震驚。(4) at名詞或動名詞多位于句首，而直接加名詞結(jié)構(gòu)常置于后。比如：At seeing her mother，the girl burst into tears. 一見到母親，那女孩就放聲大哭起來。He was in tears at the news that his

14、grandpa died yesterday. 他一聽到他爺爺昨天過逝的消息就哭了。They threatened to call the police. At hearing this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. 他們威脅說要去叫警察。警察一聽到就譏諷地說，這大可不必，因?yàn)樗麄z已被逮捕了。5、 on/upon名詞或動名詞：on/upon為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞作賓語，表示它所表達(dá)的動作剛一發(fā)生或完成，句子

15、謂語所表示的動作就接著發(fā)生，所接動詞基本是短暫動作，如：arrive, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, get, step, leave等。它相當(dāng)于as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，意為immediately after, at the time of。例如：On his arrival at the school, he was warmly welcome by all the teachers and students. 他一到達(dá)學(xué)校就受到全體師生的熱烈歡迎。On arriving home I found they had gone. 我一到

16、家就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開了。There was a letter waiting for him on his return.他一回來就有一封信在等著他看。On seeing this, she burst into tears. 一看到這種情景，她就哭了。6、 directly/immediately/instantly（mainly British English as conjunction）：(1) directly作副詞講意思是：1、直接地，筆直地2、正好，恰好；截然。例如：She drove directly to school.她開車直接去學(xué)校。His political views

17、 are directly opposed to mine.他的政治觀點(diǎn)與我的截然相反。directly也可作連詞用（British English，old fashioned），常用于非正式文體或口語中，相當(dāng)于as soon as。比如：I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。He came directly I called.我打了電話他就來了。(2) immediately作副詞用是：立刻/即；緊接，接近等意思。但作連詞講是一就，相當(dāng)于as soon as，（主要用于英式英語中）。比如：Return immediately

18、you are done.事情一做完就回來。Immediately shed gone, I remembered her name. 她剛走開我就想起了她的名字。They phoned immediately they reached home.他們一到家就打電話。He did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一轉(zhuǎn)身，他就作出各種惡作劇。(3) instantly作副詞講意為：立即，馬上。例如：The police came to my help instantly.警方立刻來幫助我。作連詞時(shí)（英國英語較常見），和i

19、mmediately的意思和用法一樣，如：I came instantly I saw the need.一發(fā)覺有必要走一趟我就來了。I telegraphed instantly I arrived there.一到那里我就發(fā)電報(bào)。I recognized her instantly I saw her. 我一看見她就把她認(rèn)出來了。7、 immediately/instantly/directly +after：在第6個(gè)用法點(diǎn)中，我們看到，directly/ immediately/instantly這三個(gè)詞的用法基本相似，但是如果在他們后面加上after，不僅可以接從句，還可以接名詞、代詞

20、，相當(dāng)于“as soon as”，意為“一就”，習(xí)慣上將其放在句子尾部，主句的謂語動詞通常用過去時(shí)。例如：I came immediately after breakfast. 我一吃完早飯就來了。I made contact with him immediately after I received the letter. 我一接到信就和他聯(lián)系了。The machine will start instantly after you press the button.你一按電鈕機(jī)器就會開動。They had a meeting to sum up our experience immediat

21、ely after finishing the work.工作一結(jié)束，他們立即開會總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。You must go to bed directly after tea.你喝完茶必須立刻就上床。Directly after he heard the news, he went to sea them.一聽到這消息他便去找他們。8、 Hardlywhen/before，scarcelywhen/before，barelywhen/before 和no soonerthan：這四個(gè)短語，結(jié)構(gòu)和用法類似，只是前三者常和when匹配，而no sooner和than搭配; 意義相同，等于as soon a

22、s；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner作狀語修飾主句謂語，放在引導(dǎo)從句的連詞when或than之前。例如：The race had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when/before it started raining. 比賽剛一開始就下起雨來了。The race had no sooner begun than it started raining.比賽剛一開始就下起雨來了。注意：hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定詞位于句首時(shí)，句中的主語和謂語必須部分倒裝，而“when/than”從句部分語序不倒

23、裝；倒裝語句含義不變，但英語語句強(qiáng)調(diào)前置部分，故其語氣較不倒裝強(qiáng)烈。 hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引導(dǎo)的是主句，表示它的動作發(fā)生在從句之前，故常用過去完成時(shí)， 而when和than引導(dǎo)的從句只能與一般過去時(shí)連用。例如：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had the race begun when it started raining.No sooner had the race begun than it started raining.Hardly had we started our journey when the car got a f

24、lat tire.另外，前三者除了和when搭配外，還可以與before配用。比如：Hardly/scarcely/barely had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.= Hardly/scarcely/barely had we sat down at the table before the phone rang.我剛在桌子旁坐下電話鈴就響了。再者，該句型含“驚奇”之意。如：Mr. Wang had no sooner left the room than the students began to chat about her.

25、王老師剛離開房間，學(xué)生就議論起她來了。Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had she begun to speak when we sensed that she was in trouble.她剛一開口，我們就感到他遇到麻煩了。No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我們一動身就遇上了大雷雨。They had hardly started their journey when the car got a flat tire. 他們剛出發(fā)，車胎就漏氣了。9、 as/so soon as，no soonerthan，和h

26、ardly/scarcely when/ before 這三個(gè)慣用短語都表示“一就,剛就”,但在用法上各有不同，應(yīng)避免混淆而用錯(cuò)。1. 連詞as soon as： As soon as的意思相當(dāng)于“B as soon as A；A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事；亦即B事件近乎與A事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，而實(shí)際上B事件的發(fā)生稍晚于A事件的發(fā)生”。As soon as 是最常見的表達(dá)方式，前一個(gè)as是副詞（可用so替換，old fashioned and literary），后一個(gè)as是連詞。它的特點(diǎn)是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。主句和從句多數(shù)場合都可用一般過去時(shí)。當(dāng)主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句則

27、須用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。從句放在主句前后都行,從句中不可用進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：He got married as soon as he left university.他一離開大學(xué)就結(jié)婚了。Ill tell him the information as soon as I see him.我一見到他,就把這消息告訴他。但強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作和主句動作先后對比時(shí)。從句中也可用過去完成時(shí)。例如：As soon as the savages had gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns.野人一走,克魯索就回家拿了兩支槍。注意：as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句所指的動作發(fā)生在主

28、句所指的動作之前。如：He made a phone call to me as soon as he came back.他一回來就給我打了個(gè)電話（回家在前，打電話在之后）。as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。如：As soon as he came back, he paid a visitto me. = He paid a visit to me as soon as he came back.他一回來就來看我。as soon as 可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)或完成時(shí)，主句的動詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。例如：Wewillgo outing as soo

29、n as he returns. 他一回來，我們就去郊游。He started as soon as he received the news. 他一得到消息就出發(fā)了。As soon as I had got on the bus, my grandma said “goodbye” to me我一上車，外婆就向我說再見。2. 連詞no sooner than：它的意思相當(dāng)于“no sooner A than B；剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.他一回來就買了一套房子。有一點(diǎn)要注意，no s

30、oonerthan 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。no sooner位于句首時(shí),前面一個(gè)分句要用倒裝語序, 即No sooner +助動詞had +主語+過去分詞。例如:I had no sooner (or: No sooner had I) reached home than it began to rain.我剛到家,天就下雨了。請比較下列兩組同義句:She opened the door as soon as she heard the knock.She had no sooner heard the knock than she

31、 opened the door.她一聽到敲門,就把門開了。3. 連詞hardly/scarcely when (before)：它的意思是“hardly/scarcely A when B；幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事。”使用這個(gè)短語時(shí)，一般用于過去完成時(shí)；并且when有時(shí)可改用before。例如：He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他剛寫完文，燈就熄了。He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.他還未安頓下來，就

32、賣掉了那所房子。另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動詞要提前。如：Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她還沒走出家門，就有一個(gè)學(xué)生來看望她。主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。hardly (scarcely) 置于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序,即: Hardly (Scarcely) +助動詞had+主語+過去分詞例如:I had hardly/scarcely closed my eye

33、s when the telephone rang.我剛閉上眼, 電話鈴就響了。Hardly had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain.我們剛把小麥?zhǔn)胀?雨就下起來了。注意: 現(xiàn)在有些英、美人受as soon as的影響,在no soonerthan和hardly (scarcely)when(before) 中也不愿用兩種時(shí)態(tài),而一律改為過去時(shí)了。例如：He was no sooner left alone than he began to feel angry.一把他獨(dú)自留下,他就生起氣來。10、 the moment, the minute, the instant, the second：在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中，the moment, the minute, the instant, the second看似名詞詞組，但實(shí)際上用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as。例如：I recognized her the instant I saw her我一看到她，就認(rèn)出她來了。We recognized the star the moment we saw him.我們一看到那個(gè)明星就認(rèn)出他來了。The minute I saw him I knew