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1、Module 3 Journey to space詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. earthearth為名詞,意為“泥土,土壤”;earth為名詞,還意為“地球”,通常需要在前面加上定冠詞the。例如:The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 樹和草可以阻止風(fēng)把土吹走。The floor is earth but hard. 雖然是泥地, 但是很堅實。The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2. reach(1)reach意為“到達”,是及物動詞,可以直接接賓語。例如:

2、Ill call you as soon as I reach New York. 我一到達紐約就給你打電話。When we reached the station, the train had left. 當我們到達車站時,火車已經(jīng)離開了?!就卣埂勘硎尽暗竭_”的詞匯還有g(shù)et to和 arrive in。get to; arrive in; reach的辨析:get toarrive in/at + Beijing(地點名詞)reachget + home; here; there(地點副詞)arrive 例如:They arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他們昨天到

3、的北京。He arrives at school at eight every morning. 他每天早上八點到達學(xué)校。When you arrive home, please give me a call. 到家的時候請給我打個電話。Theyll get to Beijing at six tonight.他們將在今晚六點到達北京。Ill get there on time. 我會按時到達那里。(2)reach意為“夠得到”,后面直接接賓語。例如:He tries to get the apple above the shelf,but fails to reach it.他盡力去夠架子上

4、的蘋果,但是沒夠著。3. yet(1) yet作副詞,意為“到此時,至今,還,尚未”,用于否定句中。例如: We havent heard from him yet. 我們還沒有收到他的來信。 Im not yet sure if we could win. 我還沒有把握確定我們是否能贏。 (2) 作副詞,意為“已經(jīng)”,用于疑問句中。例如: Is everything ready yet? 一切準備就緒了嗎? Has the ship left yet? 輪船已經(jīng)離開了嗎? (3) 作副詞,意為“仍然,還是”,用于肯定句中。例如: Hes yet a child. 他還是個孩子。 (4) 作連

5、詞,意為“然而,可是”。例如: You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好一匹馬,然而你卻讓我等了一年,為什么? He trained hard all year, yet she didnt win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艱苦訓(xùn)練,然而在競賽中卻沒能獲獎?!就卣埂?yet和already的辨析: yet用于疑問句或否定句時,放在句末。例如: Have you finished yet? 你完成了嗎? He hasnt

6、 done it yet. 他還沒有干完呢。 already常用于肯定陳述句中,一般位于助動詞之后,實義動詞之前。例如: The train has already left. 火車已經(jīng)開走了。4. alone(1) alone作副詞,意為“單獨地,孤獨地”,相當于by oneself。例如: It was too heavy for me to carry the bag alone. 我獨自背這個袋子,真是太重了。 (2) alone作形容詞,意為“單獨的,獨自的”,只能作表語,不能作定語。例如: He was alone in the house. 他一個人在屋子里。 【辨析】alone

7、和lonelyalone既可作形容詞,也可作副詞,表示“單獨一人,無人相伴”,陳述客觀事實。lonely只能作形容詞,表示“孤獨的,寂寞的”,帶有強烈的感情色彩;此外,還可表示“荒涼的,偏僻的”,常作定語。例如:Though the old man is alone, he doesnt feel lonely. 雖然那位老人是一個人,但他并不感到寂寞。My grandfather used to live in a lonely village.我爺爺過去住在一個偏僻的小村莊里。 5. discoverdiscover是動詞,意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,其后可接名詞、代詞、疑問詞+不定式及that從句等。

8、例如: We never discovered how to open the box. 我們從未弄清楚如何打開這個盒子。 【拓展】 (1) discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指有意或無意地發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在尚不為人知的事物。例如: China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中國在南海發(fā)現(xiàn)了石油。 (2) find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)或經(jīng)過一番尋找,找到值得或所需的東西,強調(diào)找的結(jié)果。例如: I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的書。 (3) find out意為“查明白、弄清楚”

9、,多用于經(jīng)過調(diào)查、分析、研究等手段查出的情況,查出的東西往往是抽象的,如時間、事實、真相等。例如: Please find out when the meeting starts. 請查一下會議什么時候開始。 (4) invent意為“發(fā)明”指經(jīng)過研究、設(shè)計而創(chuàng)造出原本未有的東西。例如: Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡倫發(fā)明了紙。6. nonenone意為“沒有,都不”,表示全部否定,可指人或物,常與of 連用,后接可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可,接不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。常回答how many/much的問句。例如: How many stu

10、dents are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學(xué)生? None. 一個也沒有。None of us likes her. 我們當中沒有一個人喜歡她。 【拓展】(1)no one = nobody意為“沒有人”,單獨作主語,其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,其后不能接of結(jié)構(gòu)。在簡略回答中,回答who的問句。例如:Who is in the room? 誰在房間里? No one. 沒有人。Nobody will make friends with him.沒有人愿意與他交朋友。 (2) nothing意為“沒有什么,沒有東西”,只能指物,常用來回答Whats in? 例如

11、: Whats in the box? 箱子里有什么? Nothing. 什么都沒有。7. light(1)light作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“光;光亮;光線”。例如:The sun gives out light and heat.太陽發(fā)出光和熱。He read the letter by the light of the candle.他在燭光下讀那封信。(2)light作可數(shù)名詞,意為“電燈;光源”。例如;Dont cross the road when the traffic lights are red.當交通燈是紅色時,不要橫穿馬路。(3)light作形容詞,意為“輕的;淺色的”。例如:

12、Is the box heavy or light?那箱子是重還是輕?I like the light green dress.我喜歡哪件淺綠色的裙子。(4)light作動詞,意為“點燃;照亮”。例如:He sat down and lit a cigarette. 他坐下來,點了一支煙。8. finishfinish意為“完成,結(jié)束”,作及物動詞時,其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。即:finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如: I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作業(yè)。 When did you finish draw

13、ing the picture? 你什么時候畫完那副畫的?【拓展】 能接v.-ing作賓語的動詞還有:practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事詞匯精練I. 英漢短語互譯。1be up to _2far away_3on the earth _4billions of _5as as_6沒問題_7上網(wǎng)_8搜索_9多于,超過_10和某人交流_II. 根據(jù)句意和首字母提示完成單詞。1There are s_ books on the shelf2There is the earth,the

14、sun,the moon and many other stars in the u_3We are a_ on the island,but we dont feel lonely4Shes j_ eaten her lunch5How do you change our e_? 6We sent the i_ to the earth.7Hes g_ to Beijing,so you cant see him nowIII. 用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空。1We all know the earth _(go)around the sun2There are _(billion)of s

15、tars in our galaxy3My mother isnt at homeShe _(go)to ShanghaiSo my father and I should take care of my old grandma4How large is the universe? No one _(know)5I have finished _(read)the book.IV. 選擇方框中的單詞填空。yet ever already for never1. Have you_ been to New York?2I havent been to New York_But Ill go th

16、ere this summer.3I dont believe your family has owned a truck _ over 90 years.4My parents are _ late for work. They always get up early.5Hes _ told his parents about his plans【參考答案】I. 英漢短語互譯。1忙于;正在做 2遠離 3在地球上 4數(shù)以億計的 5和一樣6no problem 7go online 8search for 9more than10communicate with sb.II. 根據(jù)句意和首字母提

17、示完成單詞。1several 2universe 3alone 4just 5environment 6information 7gone III. 用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空。1 goes 2billions 3has gone 4knows 5reading IV. 選擇方框中的單詞填空。1.句式精講1. Lots of scientists are working in order to(1)本句中的in order to是一個固定搭配的短語,意思是“為了”,后接動詞原形構(gòu)成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作目的狀語,否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互換,

18、但后者不能放在句首。例如:In order not to be late, you should go now. 為了不遲到,你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該走。(2)in order to+動詞原形和so as to+動詞原形可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in order that+從句和so that+從句。例如:He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.為了賺錢,他什么都做。Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.=Please go

19、in quietly so that we wont wake the baby. 請不聲不響地進去以免弄醒孩子。2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system.are called意為“被叫做;被稱為”,是被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是: be動詞的過去分詞。be有人稱、時態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)列表:時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are過去分詞一般過去時was/were過去分詞一般將來時will/shallbe過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeing過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen過去分詞過去

20、進行時was/werebeing過去分詞過去將來時would/shouldbe過去分詞過去完成時hadbeen過去分詞被動語態(tài)的用法:(1)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如:My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天晚上被偷了。(2) 強調(diào)和突出動作的承受者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如:The blackboard has been cleaned. 黑板已經(jīng)被擦了。(3)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如:The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago. 長城是數(shù)千年前建成的。3. I hav

21、ent read anything as good as that for a long time. as good as意為“像一樣好、如一樣好”,用于比較狀語從句。第一個as后接形容詞或副詞的原級。否定形式not so/asas意為“比不上;不如那么”。例如: I cant run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如過去那樣快。 Jack is not so/as clever as his elder sister.杰克不如他姐姐聰明。 【拓展】as的用法頗多,現(xiàn)將所學(xué)的其他用法歸納如下:(1) as作連詞:1) “當時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,強調(diào)兩個動作同時發(fā)生;或

22、某事發(fā)生的過程中另一件事發(fā)生;或某事一發(fā)生,另一件事立即發(fā)生。例如: We walked into the garden as the music stopped. 音樂聲一停,我們就走進了花園。 2) “因為,既然”,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。例如: As we are both tired, lets stop to have a rest. 既然我們都累了,讓我們停下來休息會吧。 3) “正如,照方法”,常引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如: As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 眾所周知,地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 4) “盡管,雖然”,常引導(dǎo)讓步狀

23、語從句。例如: Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我雖然很小,可是對要從事的職業(yè)已胸有成竹了。(2) as作介詞,意為“好像;作為、當作”。例如: work as a guider 當導(dǎo)游4. People all around the world watched their televisions waiting for watch sb. doing sth.意為“看到某人正在做某事”(表示正在進行的動作)。例如:We watched some young people running wildly in

24、 the street.我們看到一些年輕人正在街上狂跑?!就卣埂勘嫖鰓atch sb. doing sth.與watch sb. do sth.watch sb. doing sth.意為“看見某人正在做某事”,強調(diào)動作正在進行。例如:I watched a monkey eating bananas.我看見一只猴子正在吃香蕉。watch sb. do sth.意為“看見某人做過某事”,強調(diào)動作自始始終的全過程。例如:I watch them get on the bus.我看見他們上了公共汽車。5. have been/have gone(1)have been to地點名詞,表示“曾經(jīng)去過

25、某地”,但現(xiàn)在不在那里, 后可接次數(shù),如once,twice,three times等,表示“去過某地幾次”,也可和 just,never,ever等連用。 My father has been to Beijing twice我父親去過北京兩次。 I have never been to the Great Wall我從未去過長城。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎?(2)have gone to地點名詞, 表示“去了某地”,可能已經(jīng)達到或者在路途中,不在說話的現(xiàn)場。如果have gone to后接地點副詞時,要省略to。Mr. Wang isn

26、t hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在這里。他去青島了。Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里? He has gone to England他去英國了。句式精練I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答) _2 Mary has already visited the Summer Palace(改為否定句)_3I have learned hundreds of new words(改為同義句)I have learned _ _ new words4I cant run as q

27、uickly as my sister(改為同義句) My sister can run _ _ _me5They havent seen each other for years(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _they seen each other?II. 根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。1很多航天員已經(jīng)去過太空站。 A lot of _ have _ _ _ the space station.2他們都不知道保護環(huán)境。 _ of them know _ _ the _.3我不可能同陌生人交談。 Its _ for me _ _ _ strangers4宇宙飛船已經(jīng)到達月球。 The _ has _

28、 _ the moon5科學(xué)家們在月球上發(fā)現(xiàn)水了嗎? Have the _ _ water on the moon?III. 用havehas been或havehas gone填空1Wheres Jim? He _ to Guilin2I _ to the West LakeLook! I have taken many photos on it3She _ to the park;she will be back in two hours4We _ to the bookshop and bought many books5I _ to Hong Kong twice6I _ never _ to the beach in Sanya7The Blacks _ just _ to Chongqing Im afraid you cant see themIV. 補全對話。A

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