1、中醫(yī)五態(tài)人格量表一、量表制定的歷史中醫(yī)五態(tài)人格量表，又名五態(tài)性格測驗表，簡稱為DY量表，由中國中醫(yī)研究院1986年研制成功。該量表根據中醫(yī)的氣質陰陽學說制定而成，內經中有專章論及氣質，從性格、體形、神志與舉止等方面作了甚為詳細的描述，并涉及氣質與疾病及其治療的關系。中醫(yī)的氣質分類有陰陽與五行兩種，自陰陽學說又分為太陽、少陽、陰陽和平、少陰與太陰等五型。除陰陽和平型外，其余四型與古希臘學者依四液所分的四種類型和巴甫洛夫依神經活動的兩個過程所分的四種類型的性格和行為表現(xiàn)極為相似。該量表是我國第一個自建的人格測定類量表，為通過大樣本的流行病學調查修訂，并結合國情建立了全國和各個地區(qū)的常模，是目前唯一

2、全面測量、研究中醫(yī)陰陽氣質的量表。二、量表的功能與適用范圍該量表是我國第一個自建的人格測定類量表，是目前唯一全面測量、研究中醫(yī)陰陽氣質的量表，廣泛應用于臨床和科研等諸多方面。目前，該量表常模的建立主要為城市成年人口，關于農村人口之常模還需另建，對于兒童有待在此基礎上作進一步的發(fā)展，所以目前主要適用于城市成年人口的測查。三、信度與效度該測驗表經過同質性信度檢驗，各量表題目的內部一致性的r都高于0.70表明具有較高的信度。經專家效度和臨床效度的檢驗，具有良好的效度。四、使用方法與計算方法一、量表構成該量表包括6個分量表，共103個題目，分為太陽、太陰、少陽、少陰、陰陽和平5個量表以及為測試受試者的

3、掩飾、樸實與測試的信度的“掩飾”量表。但后者不作為一種性格分類，實際仍只中醫(yī)原有的陰陽五態(tài)的五種類型，以這6個量表來判斷被調查者每個量表得分之高低。二、實施操作的基本步驟與方法建立合作關系向受測者說明測驗的意義、作用和要求，讓受測者了解測驗并能認真合作地完成測驗。回答問題或填寫表格六個量表的各項目混合排列。受評人對每一項目選擇回答“是”或“否”。若符合自身實際情況時，即在答卷上相同的編號的“是”字上劃圈；若不符合時，則在“否”字上劃圈。評分與解釋對所有題目都以答“是”為得分，每題記1分，答“否”者不記分。測試完后計各分量表之總分。各分量表之最高分，即為它們的題目數(shù)，很少有人得滿分或零分。凡答卷

4、中未答題目超過五個時，即作廢卷，不超過此數(shù)的未答題目，按答“否”計，不計分。同一題目既答“是”又答“否”者，以未答計，不計分。各分量表主題目號：太陽（Tya）：1，5，11，15，21，26，31，36，40，45，50，54，59，64，68，73，78，86，95，100。少陽（Sya）：2，6，12，16，22，27，32，37，41，46，51，55，60，65，69，74，79，82，87，91，96，101。陰陽和平（Yy）：7，17，23，33，47，61，75，85，94，99。少陰（Syi）：3，8，13，18，24，28，34，38，42，48，52，57，62，66，70

5、，76，80，83，88，92，97。太陰（Tyi）：4，9，14，19，25，29，35，39，43，49，53，58，63，67，71，77，81，84，89，93，98，103。掩飾（L）：10、20、30、44、56、72、90、102。各分量表所得總分是為粗分，或原始分，參考使用手冊再換算成T分，制剖析圖。某一分量表得分高低，表示受試者該一維度性格的特點，也反映受試者反應之強度、靈活性，平衡性，持久性與趨近性等。如太陽得分高表示反應強度大，低則小，少陽得分高為靈活性大，反之則小，陰陽和平分高為平衡性好，反之則差，少陰分高為持久性好，反之則差；太陰得分高為趨近性差，反之助較好。太陽與太

6、陰兩者得分同時都突出時，要考慮受試者的性格不穩(wěn)定，但在測驗表中未列為一型而已。各量表的最高分數(shù)，太陽、少陽、太陰和少陰各為26分，陰陽和平為10分。掩飾分高，表示受試者無虛假，無掩飾，樸實。分低則要考慮答卷的可靠性太陽分高：傲慢，自用，主觀，沖動，有野心，不顧是非，暴躁易怒，不怕打擊，勇敢激昂，有進取心，堅持自己觀點，敢頂撞。少陽分高：好為外交而不內附，敏捷樂觀，輕浮易變，機智，動作多，隨和，漫不經心，喜歡談笑，不愿靜而愿動，朋友多，善交際，喜文娛活動，作事不易堅持。 太陰分高：外貌謙虛，內懷疑忌，考慮多，悲觀失望，膽小，陰柔寡斷，與人保持一定距離，內省，孤獨，不愿接觸人，不喜歡興奮的事，不務

7、于時，保守，動而后之。 少陰分高：冷淡，沉靜，心有深思而不外露，善辨是非，有節(jié)制，警惕性高，柔弱，做事有計劃，不輕舉妄動，很謹慎，穩(wěn)鍵。 陰陽和平分高：態(tài)度從從容容，尊嚴而又謙謹，有品而不亂，喜怒不形于色，居處安靜，不因物惑而遽有喜怒，無私無畏，不患得患失，不沾沾自喜，忘乎所以，能順應事物發(fā)展規(guī)律，是一種有高度適應能力的性格。 五、應用情況該量表是我國第一個自建的人格測定類量表，是目前唯一全面測量、研究中醫(yī)陰陽氣質的量表，廣泛應用于臨床和科研等諸多方面。首先應用于對特殊群體的測查和篩選，例如，在對中醫(yī)大學生中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格研究中，巴鶯喬應用五態(tài)性格測驗表,對877名大學生進行測驗。結果顯示在少陽與

8、太陰方面男女無差異,在太陽方面女性高于男性,在陰陽和平與少陰方面男性高于女性。各年級與全國總體性別常模比分量表大部分均值低于常模。表明對中醫(yī)大學生進行心理干預時五態(tài)性格可作為參考依據。（巴鶯喬，中醫(yī)大學生中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格研究，國際中華神經精神醫(yī)學雜志 2002.11.15; 3(4): 276-277）在航天員和飛行員的心理選拔中，個性特征的測查是個十分重要的方面，張其吉等應用五態(tài)性格測驗表對129名飛行員和6375名正常人進行測定和比較，探討我國飛行員的個性特征，結果表明：我國飛行員中少陽性格和陰陽和平性格得分明顯高于正常人群，提示靈活性或多血質者占多數(shù)；而太陰性格得分顯著低于正常人，提示趨近性

9、差或憂郁質的人少，為今后航天員和飛行員的選拔提供科學依據。（張其吉、王芳琳、趙國璇等，飛行員中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格的分析，中醫(yī)雜志，1992，2）黎勁紅等把中醫(yī)陰陽個性理論引入運動心理學，對142名少年乒乓球運動員性格作分析，并與運動員比賽時心理類型作相關研究，初步認為，陰陽性格中太陽、陰陽和平、少陰等因素對乒乓球運動員技術發(fā)揮是有利的；太陰則相反；其中，少年乒乓球選手最好具備太陽加陰陽和平型或少陰加陰陽和平型的性格特征。（黎勁紅、歐陽孝、莫紹寬等，少年乒乓球運動員中醫(yī)陰陽性格分析，廣東心理學縱橫廣州：華南理工大學出版社1992：320323）廣泛應用于精神科臨床、心理衛(wèi)生調查及心理治療。例如，在對精神

10、分裂癥的五態(tài)性格測驗分析中，甘景梨用中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格測驗表測試206例精神分裂癥病人，結果表明精神分裂癥病人少陰和太陰得分明顯高于正常人群，提示持久性和趨近性差，或粘液質和憂郁質性格占多數(shù)；五態(tài)性格與艾森克個性維度、精神分裂癥的臨床類型、臨床表現(xiàn)癥狀群及社會功能缺陷等均存在一定的關系。說明五態(tài)性格測驗在臨床中有一定的適用性（甘景梨，精神分裂癥五態(tài)性格測驗分析，河北精神衛(wèi)生.1995,8(2).-75-77）。王德等將中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格測驗表應用于診治的31例情志病人，發(fā)現(xiàn)情志病人的五態(tài)性格特征與正常人有明顯區(qū)別，主要表現(xiàn)在情志病人太陰性格得分明顯高于正常人，太陰得分高代表情志病人的趨近性大，性格內向明顯

11、； 而情志病人的太陽、少陽及陰陽和平性格得分又分別明顯低于正常人，說明情志病人的強度、靈活性及平衡性都較常人差。這些情況與臨床相符合。他們依據所測的不同的性格體質特征予以“舒肝養(yǎng)心祛痰”的中藥結合傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，取得初步滿意的療效。（王德、王嬋娟、周紹輝，中醫(yī)治療情志病臨床初探，五態(tài)性格測驗論文集，1995）人格特點與疾病發(fā)生的關系，在現(xiàn)代心身醫(yī)學中是一個重要的研究領域。戴曉玲等對78名萎縮性胃炎患者進行五態(tài)性格的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)萎縮性胃炎患者陰陽和平量表及少陰量表得分均顯著低于健康對照組(P<0.01，P<0.05)；其中癥狀明顯組太陽、少陽得分顯著低于癥狀不明顯組(P<0.0l

12、，P<0.05)；太陰得分顯著高于癥狀不明顯組(P<0.01)。結果提示，情緒不穩(wěn)易沖動，遇事不冷靜，在外界環(huán)境改變時不能迅速調節(jié)心理達到平衡以適應外界環(huán)境， 自制能力差等是萎縮性胃炎患者的個性特征。（戴曉玲等，萎縮性胃炎患者五態(tài)性格的研究，國際心身醫(yī)學學術研討會暨第四屆全國心身醫(yī)學學術會議）。朱林等采用五態(tài)性格測驗表、生活事件體驗調查表和社會支持測定表三種問卷來觀察心理社會因素與肺癌的關系。結果顯示肺癌患者太陽性格分值高于正常健康人常模(P<0.05)，太陰性格分值低于正常健康人常模 (P<0.01)。肺癌患者生活事件的頻度與強度分值分別高于健康對照組和復治肺結核組(

13、P<0.05)。社會支持測定結果顯示肺癌組與各對照組間均無統(tǒng)計學顯著差異(P>0.05)。研究結果表明，性格、生活事件與肺癌有一定的聯(lián)系。（朱林、范若蘭、李拯民，心理社會因素與肺癌關系的調查研究，五態(tài)性格測驗論文集，1995）。湯小京等對67例原發(fā)性肝癌病人的五態(tài)性格測驗表和明尼蘇達多相人格測驗表進行相關分析；發(fā)現(xiàn)原發(fā)性肝癌患者的性格特征趨向于陰、陽兩極型，即以太陰、太陽型性格為主要外顯行為模式。其陰盛者，表現(xiàn)為精神病態(tài)、精神衰弱、妄想狂精神分裂型人格特征；陽盛者，行為征象多以興奮為主。（湯小京、申杰、林平，原發(fā)性肝癌病人的陰陽五態(tài)性格與MMPI的相關性，河南中醫(yī)1994，14：1

14、718）。應用于研究性格與行為的關系。例如，丁鐵齡等以79例原發(fā)性肝癌患者與81例其他非原發(fā)性肝癌的惡性腫瘤患者對照，研究A型行為與五態(tài)性格的關系，發(fā)現(xiàn)肝癌組和癌癥組的太陽及少陽得分與TH、 CH、 TH+CH得分呈高度相關(P<0.01)，肝癌組的少陰得分與TH得分呈負相關(P<0.05)，提示五態(tài)性格中太陽及少陽性格與A型行為呈高度正相關，由此推論肝癌組和癌癥組的太陽及少陽性格在行為模式上會有相似之處。（丁鐵齡等，A型行為與五態(tài)性格的相關性，河南中醫(yī)1992，12：121）。王曉同按照中醫(yī)氣質學說陰陽分型方法探討性格與酗酒的關系，對50例酗酒者的隨機調查發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽型性格特征的人酗

15、酒發(fā)生率為其他類型性格特征的7倍，從心理因素為如何防止酗酒行為提供了依據。（王曉同，Tya性格與酗酒，中醫(yī)心理論叢第三集1987，6）。六、參考文獻1、 薛崇成，中醫(yī)氣質學說陰陽分型在我國人群中的分布情況的初步分析，中醫(yī)雜志，1986，26（1），24-26。2、巴鶯喬，中醫(yī)大學生中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格研究，國際中華神經精神醫(yī)學雜志 2002.11.15; 3(4): 276-277。3、張其吉、王芳琳、趙國璇等，飛行員中醫(yī)五態(tài)性格的分析，中醫(yī)雜志，1992，2。4、黎勁紅、歐陽孝、莫紹寬等，少年乒乓球運動員中醫(yī)陰陽性格分析，廣東心理學縱橫廣州：華南理工大學出版社1992：320323。5、甘景梨，精神

16、分裂癥五態(tài)性格測驗分析，河北精神衛(wèi)生.1995,8(2).-75-776、王德、王嬋娟、周紹輝，中醫(yī)治療情志病臨床初探，五態(tài)性格測驗論文集，19957、戴曉玲等，萎縮性胃炎患者五態(tài)性格的研究，國際心身醫(yī)學學術研討會暨第四屆全國心身醫(yī)學學術會議8、朱林、范若蘭、李拯民，心理社會因素與肺癌關系的調查研究，五態(tài)性格測驗論文集，19959、湯小京、申杰、林平，原發(fā)性肝癌病人的陰陽五態(tài)性格與MMPI的相關性，河南中醫(yī)1994，14：171810、丁鐵齡等，A型行為與五態(tài)性格的相關性，河南中醫(yī)1992，12：12111、王曉同，Tya性格與酗酒，中醫(yī)心理論叢第三集1987，612、薛崇成、楊秋莉，五態(tài)性格

17、測驗表手冊，中國中醫(yī)研究院針灸研究所中醫(yī)五態(tài)人格量表TYaSYaYYSYiTYiL編號：指導語測驗表中共103個題目，請您閱讀題目后想想是否符合您的情況，若符合時，即在答卷上相同的編號的“是”字上劃圈；若不符合時，則在“否”字上劃圈。這項測驗只是醫(yī)學上的一種調查，作為心理診斷治療的參考，請不要有什么顧慮，請如實回答，保證為你保密。1. 凡是我認為正確的事情，我都要堅持。 ···················

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31、3;·················································

32、3;················· 是 否 910. 我讀報紙時，對我所關心的事看的詳細些，有的我只看標題。 ··························&#

33、183;········· 是 否 1011. 在排隊的時候，有人插隊，我就向他提意見，不惜與他爭吵一番。 ····························· 是 否 1112. 我喜歡人多熱鬧的場合。 

34、3;·················································

35、3;········································ 是 否 1213. 我認為對任何人都不要太相信，比較安全。 ····

36、83;·················································

37、83;········· 是 否 1314. 我喜歡獨自一人。 ·····································&

38、#183;·················································&

39、#183;·············· 是 否 1415. 我自信心很強。 ································

40、··················································

41、······················· 是 否 1516. 我經常是愉快的，很少憂郁。 ·······················

42、;··················································

43、;············ 是 否 1617. 我說話做事，不快不慢，從容不迫。 ·································&

44、#183;········································ 是 否 1718. 我不愛流露我的感情。 ·····

45、83;·················································

46、83;······································· 是 否 1819. 我優(yōu)柔寡斷，不能當機立斷，所以把許多機會都丟掉了。 ····&#

47、183;······································ 是 否 1920. 有時我也找關系買東西，但次數(shù)不多。 ······

48、83;·················································

49、83;·············· 是 否 2021. 我的朋友們說我是急性子。 ·······························

50、83;·················································

51、83;······ 是 否 2122. 我對任何事情都抱樂觀態(tài)度，對困難并不憂心忡忡。 ·····································

52、3;············ 是 否 2223. 我性情不急躁，也不疲塌。 ·································

53、3;·················································

54、3;···· 是 否 2324. 當我要發(fā)火的時候，我總盡力克制下來。 ········································

55、3;·························· 是 否 2425. 我缺乏自信心。 ····················

56、83;·················································

57、83;·································· 是 否 2526. 我認為毫不動搖地維護自己的觀點是必要的。 ··········&

58、#183;·················································&

59、#183; 是 否 2627. 對不同種類的游戲和娛樂，我都喜歡。 ············································&#

60、183;·························· 是 否 2728. 我認為對人不能過于熱情。 ···················&#

61、183;·················································&#

62、183;·················· 是 否 2829. 我不愿意同人講話，即使他先開口，我也只應付一下。 ·························&#

63、183;····················· 是 否 2930. 有時我也說一兩句違心的話。 ························&

64、#183;·················································&

65、#183;·········· 是 否 3031. 我不輕率作決定，一旦做出決定后，也不輕易更改。 ·································&#

66、183;················· 是 否 3132. 我愛好很廣，但我并不長期堅持某一項目。 ···························&

67、#183;····································· 是 否 3233. 我處理問題，必定反復考慮其正反兩方面。 ·······

68、··················································

69、······· 是 否 3334. 我的態(tài)度從容，舉止安詳。 ·······································

70、················································· 是 否 3

71、435. 就是在人多熱鬧的場合，我也感到孤獨，或者提不起興趣。 ········································ 是 否 3536. 照我的意見做的事，即使失敗了，我也

72、并不追悔。 ·················································

73、····· 是 否 3637. 在公共場所，我不怕生人，常跟生人交談。 ········································

74、;························ 是 否 3738. 我不愿針對別人的行為表示強烈的反對或同意。 ····················&#

75、183;···································· 是 否 3839. 我不喜歡交際，總避開人多的地方。 ········

76、3;·················································

77、3;··············· 是 否 3940. 我認為一個人應具有不屈不撓的精神。 ······························

78、;········································· 是 否 4041. 我容易對一個事做出決定。 ·····

79、;··················································

80、;································· 是 否 4142. 我很拘謹，我認為不能隨隨便便。 ············&#

81、183;·················································&#

82、183;··············· 是 否 4243. 我常感到自己什么都不行。 ······························&#

83、183;·················································&#

84、183;······· 是 否 4344. 太忙時，我就有些急躁。 ······································

85、83;·················································

86、83;·· 是 否 4445. 我要做的事，不管碰到什么困難，也要爭取完成。 ··········································

87、;············ 是 否 4546. 有人夸獎我時，我就感到洋洋得意。 ·································&

88、#183;········································· 是 否 4647. 我不容易生氣。 ·····

89、··················································

90、··················································

91、· 是 否 4748. 我性情溫和，不愿與人爭吵，也不與人深交。 ···········································

92、3;················· 是 否 4849. 我常擔心會發(fā)生不幸事件。 ····························

93、3;·················································

94、3;·········· 是 否 4950. 我愛打抱不平。 ····································

95、83;·················································

96、83;··················· 是 否 5051. 我活潑熱情，主動交朋友。 ··························

97、83;·················································

98、83;············ 是 否 5152. 我覺得做事要有耐心，急也無用。 ·································

99、·············································· 是 否 5253. 我常常多愁善感，憂慮重重。

100、 ··················································

101、;···································· 是 否 5354. 要說服我改變主意是不容易的。 ·········

102、83;·················································

103、83;······················ 是 否 5455. 有人挑剔我工作中的毛病時，我就不積極了。 ······················&

104、#183;······································· 是 否 5556. 我對我的朋友和同事并不都是一樣喜歡，對有的人好些，對有的人則差些。 ··

105、3;·············· 是 否 5657. 我腳踏實地做事，但主動性不夠。 ·······························&

106、#183;··············································· 是 否 5758. 我的

107、情緒時常波動。 ················································

108、3;·················································

109、3; 是 否 5859. 我總是昂首（頭）挺腰。 ··············································

110、;··············································· 是 否 5960. 在沉悶的場合

111、，我能給大家添些生氣，使氣氛活躍起來。 ············································· 是 否 6061.

112、 我處理問題不偏不倚，所以很少出錯誤。 ··············································

113、3;······················ 是 否 6162. 我的朋友們說我穩(wěn)健。 ························

114、··················································

115、······················ 是 否 6263. 我沒什么愛好，興趣很窄。 ························

116、··················································

117、··············· 是 否 6364. 有人挑剔我的工作時，我必定與他爭論一番。 ·····························

118、3;································ 是 否 6465. 我常爭取機會到外地觀光訪問。 ·············&#

119、183;·················································&#

120、183;·················· 是 否 6566. 我說話做事不求快，慢騰騰的，有條有理。 ··························&

121、#183;······································· 是 否 6667. 我有時無緣無故感到不安。 ······&

122、#183;·················································&

123、#183;································ 是 否 6768. 壓是壓不服我的，口服都不容易，更不用說心服。 ···········

124、83;············································ 是 否 6869. 我說話時常指手畫腳。 ··

125、;··················································

126、;············································ 是 否 6970. 出風頭的事，我不想干。 ··

127、··················································

128、·········································· 是 否 7071. 我寧愿一個人待在家里而不想出去訪朋會友。 ··

129、3;·················································

130、3;········ 是 否 7172. 我認為人多少都有點自私心，我自己也不例外。 ····································&

131、#183;······················· 是 否 7273. 我想做的事，說干就干，恨不得立即就做成。 ·····················

132、;·········································· 是 否 7374. 人少時我就感到寂寞。 ····&

133、#183;·················································&

134、#183;········································· 是 否 7475. 我常悠閑自得。 ·····

135、··················································

136、··················································

137、· 是 否 7576. 我不容易改變觀點，但我卻并不為此與人爭辯。 ···········································

138、83;·············· 是 否 7677. 我容易疲倦，且無精打采。 ·······························

139、83;·················································

140、83;··· 是 否 7778. 我不怕打擊。 ···········································

141、83;·················································

142、83;············ 是 否 7879. 我認為不需要謹小慎微，不要過于注意小節(jié)。 ································&

143、#183;························· 是 否 7980. 我對人處事都比較有節(jié)制。 ····················&

144、#183;·················································&

145、#183;·············· 是 否 8081. 我對什么事都無所謂。 ·······························

146、83;·················································

147、83;·········· 是 否 8182. 別人說我開朗隨和。 ····································

148、··················································

149、·········· 是 否 8283. 我從不冒險。 ·····································

150、··················································

151、··················· 是 否 8384. 人家說我對人冷淡，缺乏熱情。 ··························

152、3;·················································

153、3;·· 是 否 8485. 我對人對事既熱情又冷靜。 ···········································

154、3;·········································· 是 否 8586. 朋友們說我辦事有魄力，敢頂撞。 ···&

155、#183;·················································&

156、#183;······················ 是 否 8687. 我不拘謹，往往有些粗心。 ·······················&

157、#183;·················································&

158、#183;············ 是 否 8788. 我的舉止言行都很穩(wěn)重。 ·································&#

159、183;·················································&#

160、183;······ 是 否 8889. 我不想大有作為而得過且過。 ·······································&

161、#183;··········································· 是 否 8990. 我有時完不成當天的工作而拖到二天。 ·&#

162、183;·················································&#

163、183;················· 是 否 9091. 我處理事情快、果斷，但不老練。 ····························

164、;················································ 是 否 9192. 我對人總是有禮貌而謙讓的。 ····&