1、Our environment is being destroyed! pollute plut vt. 污染；玷污；敗壞污染；玷污；敗壞 pollution p:lju:n n. 污染污染 prevent privent vt. 預防，防止；阻止預防，防止；阻止 prevent （from） doing. . 防止做某事防止做某事 stop. (from) doing keep. from doing. effort eft n. 努力；成就努力；成就 great effort 巨大努力巨大努力 make every effort 盡一切努力盡一切努力 spare no effort 不遺余

2、力不遺余力 use-reuse cycle- recycle cover-recover develop divelp vt. 開發(fā)；進步開發(fā)；進步 development divelpmnt technology teknldi n. 技術(shù)；工藝技術(shù)；工藝 industry indstri n. 產(chǎn)業(yè)；工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)；工業(yè) material mtiril n. 材料，原料材料，原料 harm h:m n. vt. 傷害；危害傷害；危害 do harm to 對對.有害有害 harmful a. 有害的有害的 be harmful to 對對有害有害 chemical kemikl n. v. 化學

3、制品 realise rilaiz vt. 認識到，明白 rotten rtn adj. 腐爛的 give off 放出放出 give up 放棄放棄 give out 分發(fā)分發(fā) give in 屈服屈服 be made of 由由.制成制成 （物理變化）（物理變化） The desk is made of wood. be made from 由由.制成（化學變化）制成（化學變化） The paper is made from wood. oil il soil sil can rubbish rbi coal kuldustbin dstbin illegal cooking oilThe

4、 man _(call) “ Good husband”.is calledA frog _ ( catch) by a big bird just now.was caught一、被動語態(tài)的定義：一、被動語態(tài)的定義： 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。當主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動語態(tài)；I often repair the car.當主語是謂語動作的承受者，則為被動語態(tài)。The car is often repaired (by me). 被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 被動語態(tài)由助動詞被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通

5、過構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。表現(xiàn)出來。 be+done1.They make shoes in that factory. 三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成 ：S(主語）主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：一般過去時：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞3.

6、I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The wind

7、ows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)） I clean the room every day. The room is cleaned (by me) every day. People use stamps for sending letters. Stamps are used for sending letters. Cheese _(make) from milk. These bikes _(make) in Shanghai. is made are made 四、何時使用被動

8、語態(tài)呢？四、何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：的執(zhí)行者時。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。 三、漢語中含有三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人說有人說”、“大家說大家說”等時。例如：等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed

9、 to the top of a house and 眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測說據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 四、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：四、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 特別注意：特別注意：1. 只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才可以有被動只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才可以有被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)。 不及物動詞，不及物動詞短語或系動詞不及物動詞，不及物動詞短語或系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。沒有被動語態(tài)。 如如：happen, go on, take place, belong to,

10、sound, feel等。等。Correct mistakes:Correct mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet. belongs tosounds2.2.有些動詞，如有些動詞，如：open, write, read, sell, wash, measure ,run ,sell,shut等等與與well,smoothly,badly等修飾語連用，等修飾語連用，說明主語內(nèi)在的性質(zhì)或品質(zhì)說明主語內(nèi)在的性質(zhì)或品質(zhì)常用主動形式常用主動形式表示被動的意思表示被動的意思。Your article reads

11、well.This type of car sells well in China.This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.It is said that It is reported thatIt is well known that 3.3.在一些固定句型中常用被動語態(tài)。在一些固定句型中常用被動語態(tài)。 如：如：4.短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。相當于及物動詞的短語動短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。相當于及物動詞的短語動詞也可以有被動語態(tài)。詞也可以有被動語態(tài)。 如：如：look after, give up, take care of, pay attent

12、ion to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。等。The children are taken good care of.The big fire has been put out.孩子們得到了很好的照顧。孩子們得到了很好的照顧。大火已經(jīng)撲滅了。大火已經(jīng)撲滅了。5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如：動語態(tài)。例如： 【正正】You must look after yourself 【誤誤】Yourself must be looked after Practice:1. All the employe

13、es except the manager _to work online at home. （2004廣東）廣東） A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables. （2004上海）上海） A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are pers

14、uaded7. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. (1998NMET) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8. The heros story _ differently in the newspaper. (2005全國全國II) A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported二、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)1.Every body likes this song. 2.He doesnt show the stamps t

15、o me. 3.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan.This song is liked by every body.The stamps arent shown by him to me.Rice arent grown by people in the west of Japan.4.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.5.Do the workers build many buildings? 6.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? 7.Do you alw

16、ays send a letter to Mr Hu?8.How many desks do they buy every term? 9.Granny told us a story last night.10.He didnt give the dictionary to me yesterday.Tom is helped by him when Tom is in trouble.Are many buildings built by the workers?Are glasses sometimes broken by Kate?Is a letter always sent by you to Mr Hu?How many desks are bought by them every term?A story was told by granny last night.The dictionary was given by him to me yesterday.11.He didnt buy anything there before he left. 12.Did he clean the blackboard just now? 13.Whose ruler did you borrow? 14.You sho