1、1. (Para.1) The oil industry is a massive, multi-faceted environment that three distinct sections based on the steps form drilling to refinement.石油工業(yè)是一個(gè)范圍廣大、方面眾多，涵蓋一系列生產(chǎn)過程和和行業(yè)。因其復(fù)雜性和綜合性，人們根據(jù)其從鉆井到煉制的步驟把石油工業(yè)分成三個(gè)不同的分部。2. (Para. 3) Upstream can be broken into many components, evaluation of these sites,

2、drilling exploratory wells, and operating these wells to extract crude oil.上游部門可以被分成很多組成部分，但我們主要涉及以下部分：勘查并選定潛在的油田區(qū)塊、評(píng)估含油區(qū)塊、鉆探探井、開發(fā)探井提取石油。3. (Para. 5) These geologists use a number of highly advanced tool to help them in their pursuit of finding potential oil fields, and Seismometers, etc.這些地質(zhì)學(xué)家利用一些非

3、常先進(jìn)的工具幫助他們發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的油田，如衛(wèi)星成像、重力儀、磁力儀、嗅探器、壓縮空氣槍、重錘車、炸藥、水診器、地震檢波器等。4. (Para. 6) They also have to consider if it is present in a sufficient quantity and and there is no guarantee that there will be a return on investment.他們也會(huì)考慮數(shù)量是否充足以及質(zhì)量能否保證長期開采。這一階段對(duì)石油公司來說意味著很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樘骄靸r(jià)高昂并且不一定確保有投資回報(bào)。5. (Para. 7) If th

4、e potential site proves to be unsuccessful or unprofitable, then the well will typically be plugged up and abandoned.如果證明潛在的區(qū)塊不成功或是無利潤，那么這口井將被堵上并廢棄。6. (Para. 8) The step of exploratory drilling cannot be skipped because without actually digging down and collecting physical samples, even the most adv

5、anced seismic surveys yield incomplete or potentially false information.勘探鉆井是必不可少的，如果沒有地層鉆探和實(shí)體樣本收集，即使是最先進(jìn)的地震勘探采集到的信息也是不完整的或可能是錯(cuò)誤的信息。7. (Para. 10) However, the final takeaway message about the upstream segment of the oil industry is that it comprises the essential first step in the entire extraction

6、to refining process.然而，關(guān)于石油工業(yè)上游部門我們可以得出的最終結(jié)論是：它包含從整個(gè)開采到提煉過程的必不可少第一步。8. (Para. 14) Because the midstream sector is involved with transporting large quantities that may result from miles and miles of pipeline.由于中游產(chǎn)業(yè)涉及石油和天然氣的大量運(yùn)輸，公司必須清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到要把長距離管線產(chǎn)生的污染物降到最小。9. (Para. 16) Using better forecasting analyt

7、ics, the sector will benefit by anticipating demand and delivering customized crude blends and dynamic storage options to end-users.利用更好的預(yù)測(cè)分析方法，這些產(chǎn)業(yè)可以通過預(yù)測(cè)需求、運(yùn)輸定制的原油混合物，以及為最終用戶提供動(dòng)態(tài)儲(chǔ)存方案來獲益。10. (Para. 17) Within the midstream sector, midstream majors are strongly placed and what is the most important,

8、growing dominance in new and emerging shale plays. 在中游行業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，相比起中小型企業(yè)，大型公司更能帶動(dòng)這一領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展，這源于其雄厚的資金實(shí)力、在整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈中的位置，以及最更重要的，它們?cè)谛屡d頁巖油氣藏領(lǐng)域的主導(dǎo)地位。11. (Para. 21) Jobs in the downstream sector include process hazard analysts, tax accountants, plant operators, maintenance supervisors, contracts managers and instru

9、ment engineers. 下游產(chǎn)業(yè)的工作崗位包括生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析師、稅務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)、工廠操作員、維修主管、合同經(jīng)理和設(shè)備工程師。12. (Para. 25) The crude oil is initially distilled and the initial product yields can be improved The classical way of operating the refinery takes into account the wide variation in price and the seasonality of consumption for the produ

10、cts.原油首現(xiàn)進(jìn)行蒸餾，可以通過使用其它煉制設(shè)備對(duì)碳?xì)浠衔镞M(jìn)行化學(xué)改變（裂化，重組或改變分子提高初始產(chǎn)量。運(yùn)營煉油廠的傳統(tǒng)方法需要考慮價(jià)格和產(chǎn)品的季節(jié)性消費(fèi)等因素。1. (Para. 1) Besides water, theres no liquid that humans rely on more than petroleum. fills our shopping shelves with innumerable consumer products. 除了水之外，沒有什么液體比石油更讓人類依賴了。它能用于驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車、家庭取暖、鋪設(shè)道路，還有擺滿了商場(chǎng)貨架的不計(jì)其數(shù)的（石油制成的）消費(fèi)品

11、。2. (Para. 9) However, in 1919, kerosene production was surpassed propelled largely by the popularity of the automobile. 然而，1919年，煤油產(chǎn)品被汽油所超越，它是另一石油衍生物。此后，石油工業(yè)的命運(yùn)很大程度上被汽車的普及所驅(qū)使。3. (Para.13) Gasoline is a combination of molecules with mainly 6 to 11 so refiners try to blend in more smoth-burning octan

12、e with 8 carbons.汽油主要是由含6-11個(gè)碳原子的分子組成的。其中，由7個(gè)碳原子組成的庚烷會(huì)引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)爆震，因此煉油廠會(huì)盡量加入一些燃燒更穩(wěn)定的帶有8個(gè)碳原子的辛烷。4. (Para. 19) For all its usefulness, there is a strong desire to limit our dependence on petroleum. on the global climate through the associated carbon dioxide emissions. 盡管石油用途繁多，我們還是迫切希望能夠減少我們對(duì)石油的依賴。對(duì)于世界政治而

13、言，石油是一種不穩(wěn)定因素，同樣它也通過相關(guān)的二氧化碳排放量對(duì)全球氣候有著不可預(yù)估的影響/同樣它也給全球氣候（相關(guān)的二氧化碳排放量）帶來不穩(wěn)定影響。5. (Para. 21) However, alternatives will have to compete against oils relatively low price and the high-energy density of petroleum-derived fuels. As well as make some pesticides and fertilizers. 然而，新能源將不得不與石油低廉的價(jià)格和石油燃料產(chǎn)品的高能密度進(jìn)

14、行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。此外，當(dāng)前的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要大量的石油來驅(qū)動(dòng)拖拉機(jī)和運(yùn)貨卡車、制造殺蟲劑和化肥。1. (Para. 1) Veresen Inc. executives had no intention of just dipping their toes in the water when they decided the company should start operating natural gas processing facilities.當(dāng)加拿大管道運(yùn)營商Veresen公司的管理層決定公司應(yīng)涉足天然氣加工業(yè)務(wù)的時(shí)候，他們無意僅僅止于試水。2. (Para. 3) With gas prod

15、ucers strapped for cash, new midstream companies squeeze into the market that the Big Fish once dominated.由于天然氣開發(fā)商資金不足，新的中游產(chǎn)業(yè)公司打入一度由巨頭企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的市場(chǎng)。3. （Para. 5） The moves could signal a trend by producers to offload in-house processing growing reserves and production, rather than new and expanded faciliti

16、es.這些舉動(dòng)釋放出的信號(hào)表明，開采商有出讓其內(nèi)部處理設(shè)施的傾向，或是商戰(zhàn)中的天然氣開發(fā)商為提高資產(chǎn)凈值而采取的常用策略。無論是哪一種情況，隨著天然氣開采商重新配置資產(chǎn)用于不斷增長的儲(chǔ)備量和產(chǎn)量而不是新增設(shè)備和擴(kuò)大設(shè)施，第三方天然氣加工企業(yè)有望面臨更多機(jī)遇。4. (Para. 11) “Midstream companies have been fortunate in that theyve been provided with lots of capital,” Munro say, “They generally have at premiums in Canada to the mar

17、ketplace.”“中游產(chǎn)業(yè)的公司很幸運(yùn)，由于大量資本的注入，”門羅稱，“它們的資本運(yùn)作更為高效，而因?yàn)樗鼈兪巧a(chǎn)型公司，其產(chǎn)品在加拿大的價(jià)格與國際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格相比存在溢價(jià)（其產(chǎn)品交易在加拿大市場(chǎng)屬于溢價(jià)交易）?！?. (Para. 14) While larger producers might choose to focus capital on developing assets and start utilizing third-party facilities for processing, Cumming says smaller companies dont really have

18、 an option. 盡管大企業(yè)可以選擇集中資金開發(fā)資產(chǎn)，并利用第三方設(shè)施從事油氣加工，但卡明說，小企業(yè)實(shí)際上別無選擇。6. (Para. 15) As junior and intermediate gas producers focus on developing emerging unconventional plays be able to enter the market with relatively smaller projects.隨著天然氣開采的中小企業(yè)對(duì)開發(fā)非常規(guī)油氣藏和采用新技術(shù)使原有油藏恢復(fù)活力的關(guān)注，卡明認(rèn)為，他的公司將能夠進(jìn)軍這一市場(chǎng)開發(fā)相對(duì)較小的一些項(xiàng)目。7. (Para. 16) If you take a look at almost all of the midstream companies, theyre multibillion-dollar companies that need fairly substantial projects in order to turn the dial on their