1、Lecturer: Yangwei1 1 貨運運輸風險和損失類型貨運運輸風險和損失類型1.1 1.1 貨運風險貨運風險- - 自然災害：自然災害：如惡劣氣候、雷電、洪水、地震、海嘯如惡劣氣候、雷電、洪水、地震、海嘯等風險，影響運輸工具和運輸貨物風險等風險，影響運輸工具和運輸貨物風險- - 意外事故：意外事故：如擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、碰撞、失火、爆如擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、碰撞、失火、爆炸等運輸工具所遭遇的意料之外的事故炸等運輸工具所遭遇的意料之外的事故- - - 外來風險：外來風險： 一般一般外來風險外來風險：如偷竊、鉤損、雨淋、串味、短缺：如偷竊、鉤損、雨淋、串味、短缺等等特別或特殊特別或特殊外來風險

2、外來風險：如戰(zhàn)爭、罷工、拒收、交貨：如戰(zhàn)爭、罷工、拒收、交貨不到、黃曲霉毒素險等不到、黃曲霉毒素險等2SHOU Yangwei1.2 1.2 損失類型：損失類型：全損和部分損失全損和部分損失全損全損部分損失部分損失3共同海損共同海損 general averagegeneral average單獨海損單獨海損 particular averageparticular averageSHOU Yangwei實際全損實際全損 actual total lossactual total loss推定全損推定全損 constructive total lossconstructive total lo

3、ss實際全損：實際全損：貨物的全部滅失，如焚毀、深入海底或已收貨物的全部滅失，如焚毀、深入海底或已收去原有的性質和用途，如食品變質等。去原有的性質和用途，如食品變質等。推定全損推定全損：指實際全損已不可避免，或受損貨物殘值，指實際全損已不可避免，或受損貨物殘值，如果加上施救、整理、修復、續(xù)運至目的地的費用之和如果加上施救、整理、修復、續(xù)運至目的地的費用之和超過其抵達目的地的價值時，視為已經全損。超過其抵達目的地的價值時，視為已經全損。共同海損：共同海損：貨物在運輸途中因自然災害及意外事故造成貨物在運輸途中因自然災害及意外事故造成的損失。為了保證同一航程中遇險財產的共同安全和免的損失。為了保證同

4、一航程中遇險財產的共同安全和免除危險所作出的有意而又合理的特殊犧牲或支出的特殊除危險所作出的有意而又合理的特殊犧牲或支出的特殊的費用。的費用。單獨海損：單獨海損：屬于特定方面的損失，并不涉及其他貨主及屬于特定方面的損失，并不涉及其他貨主及船方。船方。4returnSHOU Yangwei3 3 教材中所列的各種險別：教材中所列的各種險別：P203P2034 4 保險條款保險條款4.1 CIC4.1 CIC保險條款（保險條款（China Insurance ClausesChina Insurance Clauses）- - 參見參見P204P2044.2 ICC4.2 ICC保險條款（保險條款

5、（the Institute Cargo Clausesthe Institute Cargo Clauses） 指倫敦保險業(yè)協(xié)會貨物保險條款指倫敦保險業(yè)協(xié)會貨物保險條款 簡單介紹簡單介紹- - 用英文字母用英文字母A,B,CA,B,C表示一切險表示一切險,水漬險和平安險水漬險和平安險- - 增加了承保陸上風險的規(guī)定，如增加了承保陸上風險的規(guī)定，如B,CB,C條款承保由于陸上運輸條款承保由于陸上運輸工具的顛翻、出軌、碰撞引起的貨損以及湖水、河水侵入工具的顛翻、出軌、碰撞引起的貨損以及湖水、河水侵入船舶造成的損害船舶造成的損害- - 獨立投保的保險條款。除獨立投保的保險條款。除A,B,CA,B,

6、C條款外，還有協(xié)會戰(zhàn)爭險條款條款外，還有協(xié)會戰(zhàn)爭險條款,罷工險條款罷工險條款,惡意損害險條款惡意損害險條款,均可獨立投保均可獨立投保,或在投保了或在投保了A,B,CA,B,C條款后加保條款后加保5SHOU Yangwei通財保險有限公司通財保險有限公司 海運貨物保險單海運貨物保險單保單編號：保單編號：投保人：投保人： 賠款支付人：賠款支付人：保險金額：保險金額：運輸工具及名稱：運輸工具及名稱：發(fā)貨港：發(fā)貨港：_所經港口目的港：所經港口目的港：_ 承保內容：承保內容： 條件：條件： 根據(jù)根據(jù)1982年年1月月1日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（A） 根據(jù)根據(jù)1982年年1月月1日修訂的

7、協(xié)會貨物條款（日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（B） 根據(jù)根據(jù)1982年年1月月1日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（C） 根據(jù)根據(jù)1982年年1月月1日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（戰(zhàn)爭險）日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（戰(zhàn)爭險） 根據(jù)根據(jù)1982年年1月月1日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（罷工險）日修訂的協(xié)會貨物條款（罷工險） （一般條件和條款）（一般條件和條款） 保險單簽署地點日期保險單簽署地點日期 投保地點投保地點 通財保險有限公司代表通財保險有限公司代表 - 授權簽名授權簽名6SHOU Yangwei3 3 保險單保險單: P210: P2104 4 例函例函4.1 P2054.1 P205請求出口商代為投保請求出口

8、商代為投保4.2 P216(4.2 P216(上上) )寫信給保險公司要求投保寫信給保險公司要求投保7SHOU Yangwei4.3 4.3 補充閱讀材料：要求特惠保率補充閱讀材料：要求特惠保率Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,We regularly ship consignments of Qingdao Beer to Sydney, Australia by both passengers We regularly ship consignments of Qingdao Beer to Sydney, Australia by both passengers and cargo

9、 liners of the International Shipping Line. Will you please inform us whether and cargo liners of the International Shipping Line. Will you please inform us whether you can issue an all-risks policy for these shipments and, if so, on what terms. In you can issue an all-risks policy for these shipmen

10、ts and, if so, on what terms. In particular we wish to know whether you can issue a special rate for the promise of regular particular we wish to know whether you can issue a special rate for the promise of regular monthly shipments. monthly shipments. 4.4 P216(4.4 P216(下下) )保險公司的回信保險公司的回信SHOU Yangw

11、ei84.5 4.5 補充閱讀材料：保險公司要求取消破碎險補充閱讀材料：保險公司要求取消破碎險Dear Sirs,Dear Sirs,Additional Risk of BreakageAdditional Risk of BreakageWe refer to your L/C No.157 covering Glazed Wall Tiles, which we have just received. We refer to your L/C No.157 covering Glazed Wall Tiles, which we have just received. Please be

12、 informed that for this article we do not cover Breakage. You have to, therefore, delete the word Please be informed that for this article we do not cover Breakage. You have to, therefore, delete the word “Breakage” from the insurance clause in the credit.“Breakage” from the insurance clause in the

13、credit.Furthermore, we wish to point out that for such articles as windows glass, porcelains, etc., even if additional Furthermore, we wish to point out that for such articles as windows glass, porcelains, etc., even if additional Risk of Breakage has been insured, the cover is subject to a franchis

14、e of 5%. In other words, if the breakage Risk of Breakage has been insured, the cover is subject to a franchise of 5%. In other words, if the breakage is surveyed to be less than 5%, no claims for damage will be entertained.is surveyed to be less than 5%, no claims for damage will be entertained.We

15、trust that the position is now clear. Please fax the amendment at your earliest convenience. We trust that the position is now clear. Please fax the amendment at your earliest convenience. 9SHOU Yangwei4.6 P2154.6 P215出口商通知有關保險事宜出口商通知有關保險事宜4.7 P2084.7 P208出口商回應對方要求代為投保事宜出口商回應對方要求代為投保事宜4.8 P2064.8 P2

16、06通知進口商已按其要求投保通知進口商已按其要求投保( (并告知貨物即并告知貨物即將裝出將裝出) )4.9 P2074.9 P207進口商通知對方貨物已損壞，并要求代為進口商通知對方貨物已損壞，并要求代為索賠索賠10SHOU Yangwei課后習題課后習題1. 1.請注意上述貨物須在請注意上述貨物須在6 6月月15 15日前裝運，并按發(fā)票金額日前裝運，并按發(fā)票金額150%150%投保綜合險。我投保綜合險。我們知道按一般慣例，你們只按發(fā)票金額們知道按一般慣例，你們只按發(fā)票金額110%110%投保，因此額外保險費將由投保，因此額外保險費將由我們負擔。我們負擔。Please see to it th

17、at the above goods must be shipped before June 15th and be covered/insured for 150% of Please see to it that the above goods must be shipped before June 15th and be covered/insured for 150% of the invoice value against All Risks. We know that your usual practice is to insure for 110% of the invoice

18、the invoice value against All Risks. We know that your usual practice is to insure for 110% of the invoice value; therefore, the extra premium will be for our account.value; therefore, the extra premium will be for our account.2. 2.有關保險的索賠案件應盡快提交保險公司或其代理商以便使他們有足夠有關保險的索賠案件應盡快提交保險公司或其代理商以便使他們有足夠時間去向造成

19、過錯的有關方面進行追償。時間去向造成過錯的有關方面進行追償。Insurance claims should be submitted to insurance companies or agents as soon as possible to enable them Insurance claims should be submitted to insurance companies or agents as soon as possible to enable them to get recourse from the relative parties in fault with ampl

20、e time.to get recourse from the relative parties in fault with ample time.11SHOU Yangwei3. 3.我們遺憾地通知你們，發(fā)票所列第我們遺憾地通知你們，發(fā)票所列第8 8箱，內裝箱，內裝10 10臺打字機，在貨到達時，臺打字機，在貨到達時，其中其中8 8臺嚴重受損?，F(xiàn)附上上海商品檢驗局所簽發(fā)的檢驗證明和船公司臺嚴重受損?，F(xiàn)附上上海商品檢驗局所簽發(fā)的檢驗證明和船公司代理人的報告書，想必你方在解決我們上述代理人的報告書，想必你方在解決我們上述30003000美元的索賠方面，不會美元的索賠方面，不會有困難。有困難。We

21、 feel regretful to inform you that eight We feel regretful to inform you that eight typewriters in typewriters in Case No.8 Case No.8 invoiced as containing ten were invoiced as containing ten were heavily damaged. heavily damaged. Enclosed Enclosed are the inspection certificate and the report issu

22、ed by Shanghai Commodity are the inspection certificate and the report issued by Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau and the forwarding Inspection Bureau and the forwarding agent respectivelyagent respectively. It is to be supposed that you have no difficulty . It is to be supposed that you have no

23、 difficulty in settling the above claim for US$3000.in settling the above claim for US$3000.4. 4. 在沒有得到你方明確的保險要求情況下，我們按慣例把你所訂購之貨在沒有得到你方明確的保險要求情況下，我們按慣例把你所訂購之貨按發(fā)票金額按發(fā)票金額110%110%投保了水漬險。投保了水漬險。As per normal, we have covered (on) your ordered goods for 110% of the invoice value against WPA As per normal

24、, we have covered (on) your ordered goods for 110% of the invoice value against WPA without your definite insurance requirements.without your definite insurance requirements.12SHOU Yangwei5. 5. 如你方希望將貨物投保綜合險，我們可以代為投保，但保如你方希望將貨物投保綜合險，我們可以代為投保，但保費稍高，保費差額由你方負擔。費稍高，保費差額由你方負擔。We could insure for you if y

25、ou are desirous of covering against All Risks, but the We could insure for you if you are desirous of covering against All Risks, but the premium is a little bit higher and the extra expense will be borne by you. premium is a little bit higher and the extra expense will be borne by you. 6. 6. 如果貨物發(fā)生

26、損壞，你方可在貨到達目的港如果貨物發(fā)生損壞，你方可在貨到達目的港30 30天內憑公證天內憑公證行的檢驗報告與你處保險代理行聯(lián)系并向他們提出索賠。行的檢驗報告與你處保險代理行聯(lián)系并向他們提出索賠。Should any damage to the goods occur, Should any damage to the goods occur, you may connect the insurance agent at your end you may connect the insurance agent at your end and file a claim against them w

27、ith and file a claim against them with the surveyors report within 30 days after the arrival of the surveyors report within 30 days after the arrival of goods at the port of destination.goods at the port of destination.13SHOU Yangwei7. 7. 如貨物在到達目的港后需立即轉運至內陸城市或如貨物在到達目的港后需立即轉運至內陸城市或其他港口，我們可以代你方投保內陸險，額

28、外保費其他港口，我們可以代你方投保內陸險，額外保費將記在你方賬上。將記在你方賬上。We could insure against Inland Risk on your behalf (for you), if the goods We could insure against Inland Risk on your behalf (for you), if the goods are to be transshipped to an inland city or other ports after their arrival at are to be transshipped to an i

29、nland city or other ports after their arrival at the port of destination and the extra premium will be for your account.the port of destination and the extra premium will be for your account.14SHOU Yangwei補充習題補充習題1.Translate the following letter into English.1.Translate the following letter into Eng

30、lish. 關于我們購貨確認書關于我們購貨確認書345345號項下的號項下的50005000條白兔牌毛毯，條白兔牌毛毯，現(xiàn)通知你方，我們已由現(xiàn)通知你方，我們已由 銀行開立了保兌的、不可銀行開立了保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證撤銷的信用證789789號，總金額為號，總金額為 美元，有效期至美元，有效期至8 8月月31 31日為止。日為止。 請注意上述貨物必須在請注意上述貨物必須在8 8月底前裝運，保險須按發(fā)票月底前裝運，保險須按發(fā)票金額的金額的130%130%投保一切險。我們知道，按照你們的一般慣投保一切險。我們知道，按照你們的一般慣例，你們只按發(fā)票金額另加例，你們只按發(fā)票金額另加10%10%投保，因

31、此額外保險費投保，因此額外保險費由我方負擔。由我方負擔。 請按我方要求洽辦保險，我方等候你方的裝船通知。請按我方要求洽辦保險，我方等候你方的裝船通知。15SHOU YangweiWe We refer to your Purchase Confirmation No.345 for 5000 pieces of “White Rabbit” Blanket. We refer to your Purchase Confirmation No.345 for 5000 pieces of “White Rabbit” Blanket. We are informing that we have opened through bank a confirmed, irrevocab