1、Module One Language points 1. forward 【n】（球賽的）前鋒 eg. Do you like that forward?【adj】向前的；前進的；】向前的；前進的； 在句中只做定語，放在名詞前在句中只做定語，放在名詞前eg. The door opened, blocking his forward movement.【adj】(尤指船，飛機或其他交通工尤指船，飛機或其他交通工具具)前部的，前部的， 前面的前面的eg。 A bolt may have fallen off the planes forward door 【adv】向前】向前= forward

2、s eg. She leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek 【adv】 提前提前eg. It was decided to bring the meeting forward two weeks 【v】 發(fā)送， 寄（商品或信息）forward sth to sb = forward sb sth 寄某物給某人eg. We will forward you our new catalogue next week.【v】促進，】促進， 有助于有助于的發(fā)展，增進的發(fā)展，增進eg. He saw the assignment as a way to for

3、ward his career. look forward to doing 盼望盼望 期待期待 backward and forward 來回地，來回地， 忽前忽后地忽前忽后地2.defend 【v】 防守， defend sb/ oneself / sth (from/ against) 保護某人/ 某人自己/ 某物 （免受）eg. When the dog attacked him , he picked up a stone and defend himself .【v】辯解， 辨白eg. How can you defend such behavior?defend (v)-defe

4、nce (n) / defense 防御， 保衛(wèi) in defense of 為了保衛(wèi)eg. They are soldiers who died in defense of their countries. 3. guard (1) n (球賽)后衛(wèi) (2) n 衛(wèi)兵， 警衛(wèi)員； 看守 (3) v 守衛(wèi)； 警衛(wèi)； 保衛(wèi)eg. The dog was guarding its owners luggage. (4)看守， 監(jiān)視 eg. The prisoners were guarded by soldiers .be on guard 站崗， 執(zhí)勤keep guard (over) 守衛(wèi)，

5、看護off (ones ) guard 不警惕， 不提防guard against 防止， 防范defend & guard & protect 保護(1)defend 指積極地抵抗，防御或挫敗迫在眉睫的危險或侵襲，也可指為某人或論點辯護； 常與against 連用eg. She defended herself successfully in court (2) guard 意為 “保衛(wèi)， 警衛(wèi)， 看守”指為了保證安全而站立守衛(wèi)，含有警惕之意， 常與against連用eg. The dog guarded the house (3) protect 借用某種東西作為防御，保護工具，使人或物免

6、受傷害，這種保護的成功率比defend， guard高， 常與against， from連用eg. They tried their best to protect the old temple.4. talented (1)adj 有天資的， 有才能的 eg. He is a talented player. (2) talent c.n. 天才， 天資， 天賦 talentless adj 無能的 have talent for sth 有方面的才能be talented for sth 在方面有才能eg. She showed a talent for acting at an earl

7、y age.5. complicated adj 復(fù)雜的eg. The had to begin the complicated task of sorting out his legal plicate (v) - complication (n)eg. The bad weather added a further complication to our journey. complicated & complex 復(fù)雜的(1)complicated 錯綜復(fù)雜的， 紛繁的， 難懂的， 難解的，指事物的內(nèi)部交錯在一起，不易分清其中關(guān)系或關(guān)系復(fù)雜，難以理解，不好進行分析eg. Dont ask

8、 me such complicated question.(2) complex 合成的，復(fù)雜的， 綜合的指難以解決的東西eg. complex life a complex idea6.valued (adj) 有價值的 valued (adj)- value (n) (商品)價值 hold ones value 保值eg. Sports cars tend to hold their value well. value (n) 用途， 積極作用 to be of little /no value to sb. 對某人沒什么/ 毫無用途 eg. This book is of little

9、 to me .values (n) 準(zhǔn)則， 價值觀念eg. moral values 道德觀念value (v) 重視， 珍視 （不用于進行時）eg. I really value her as a friend. (v) 給 估價， 給定價（常用被動語態(tài)） value sth at eg. The property has been valued at over $ 2 million be of value = be valuable 有價值的market value 市場價值， 市價sentimental value 情感價值family values 家庭觀念7. grow up (

10、1) 成長， 長大 eg. Their children have all grown up and left home now (2) 逐漸發(fā)展， 形成 eg. Trading settlements grew up along the river grow (1) (vi) 擴大， 增加 eg. The family has grown in size recently (2) (vt ) 栽培， 種植 eg. We grow all our own vegetables. (3) (vt) 蓄， 留（長頭發(fā)， 長指甲） eg. If you grow your hair, you do

11、not cut them. (4) (link. v. ) 逐漸變得， 逐漸成為， 后面加形容詞 eg. Im scared of growing old.8. average (1)(n) 平均數(shù)eg. The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6 (1) an average of 的平均數(shù)(2) on average 平均地(3) above / below average 高于/ 低于平均9. entire (1) (adj)全部的， 整個的， 僅用于名詞前 eg. The entire village was destroyed. (2) entirely (adv)

12、- entirety (n) in ones entirety 整個地10.deserve (vt)應(yīng)得；值得 （不用于進行時） deserve to do sth 應(yīng)該做某事 eg. They dont deserve to win.deserving (值得的) 在現(xiàn)代英語中已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞be deserving of 是常用句式和動詞deserve同義。eg. His brave act deserves praise. His brave act is deserving of praise.deserve well / ill of sb. 應(yīng)該受到某人好的（不好的）待遇eg. He

13、 deserves well of his boss .11. generation (1)(n) 一代人 (2)(n)一批， 一屆 （從事特定活動的同齡人） generation gap 代溝， 兩代人之間的隔閡12.live (1) adv 現(xiàn)場直播地； 現(xiàn)場演出地 eg. We will be broadcasting the program live from Australia (2)(adj) 活的 eg. We saw a real live snake (3)(adj) 當(dāng)前所關(guān)心的， 時下重大的 eg. Pollution is still very much a live

14、issue. (4)(vi) 生存， 活著 eg. The doctor said he only had six months to live (5)(vi) 繼續(xù)存在， 銘記 eg. This moment will live in our memory for many years.live by sth 按照（某信念或原則生活） live up to 達到， 符合， 不辜負(fù) not live sth down 無法使人忘卻（自己做過的壞事）live for sb/ sth 為某人/ 某物而活著 live in 住在live off 靠 過活live on 活著， 繼續(xù)存在live th

15、rough sth 經(jīng)歷（災(zāi)難或其他困境）而幸存live together 在一起生活13. commentary (1)(n) 解說 a sports commentary (2)(n) 注釋； 解釋； 評注 eg. a critical commentary on the final speech of the play commentary on . 對 的解說14. rely (v) 信任， 信賴rely on/ upon 依靠， 依賴eg. As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.Rely on sb to do sth 依靠某人

16、做某事Rely on sb doing sth 依賴某人做某事Rely on sb for 依靠Rely on yourself for success15. instant (1)(adj) 立刻的 eg. She took an instant dislike to me. (2)(adj) (僅用于名詞前) 速食的； 即食的； 速溶的 eg. instant coffee (3)(n ) 片刻， 頃刻； 瞬間 in an instant = immediately 立即，立刻 the instant that 一 就16. appoint (1)(v) 委派， 任命 appoint sb

17、 to do sth 任命某人做某事eg. A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.appoint sb as 任命某人為eg. She has recently been appointed as the committee.17. absorb (v) 吸收， 理解；消耗be absorbed in be lost in 專心致志做， 全神貫注于.be buried in 18.join & join in & take part in & attend & go in for & be present at 參加(1)join 意為 “

18、加入”指參加黨派，軍隊，團體等，并且成為其中一員 eg. She joined the Party at the age of 25.(2) join in 指參加比賽或活動， 參加競賽、娛樂、游戲、談話等具體活動。常用于口語eg. She listens but never joins in.(3) take part in 指 “參加大型的群眾性的活動”著重強調(diào)的是以主人翁的態(tài)度參加進去 eg. We must take an active part in the movement.(4) attend 意為 “出席” 常指出席會議，婚禮,葬禮等eg. Did you attend the

19、 meeting ?(5)go in for 指參加“考試”也可以意為“從事”eg. The Party calls on us to go in for agriculture in a big way.(6)be present at 表示出席會議或儀式eg. How many of them were present at yesterdays meeting .19.turn (1) link.v. 變得， 變成，后接adj，或分詞作表語eg. The clothes all turned pink in the wash. turn 后后 的名詞前沒有冠詞的名詞前沒有冠詞eg. Sh

20、ed like to turn teacher.(2) turn & become & grow turn: 強調(diào)變化的結(jié)果become： 強調(diào)狀態(tài)的變化grow： 強調(diào)變化的過程eg. Mike becomes ill. My younger brother is growing tall. The milk turned sour.20. reason (1) n. 原因，理由，解釋have reason to do sth 有理由做某事eg. Id like to know the reason why youre so late. We have every reason to fee

21、l optimistic.(2) reason 后常接不定式或for引導(dǎo)的短語或從句做定語eg I have no particular reason for doubting him.(3) 當(dāng)reason 做主語時可接that引導(dǎo)的從句作表語eg. The reason why he was late that he didnt catch the first bus. for some reason 出于某種 reason sth out 通過思考想出某事的對策 reason with sb 和某人講道理reason & cause& excusereason： 理由，原因，指決定做某一

22、件事情或采取某一行動的理由the reason for .的原因cause： 起因， 指引起某種后果的原因eg： The cause of the fire is that he smoked in the forest .excuse: 借口， 辯解； 指為某一行為所做的解釋.eg: There is no excuse for such rudeness.21. information ： un 信息(1)information on / about sth 對某事的信息eg. For further information on the diet, write to us at this

23、 address.(2) information 后常接that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句eg. Our information is that the police will shortly make an arrest.eg. We have received the information that they may have left the country.23. die (1) (v) 死亡 (2) (v) 消失， 消亡， 死亡 (3) (v) 停止運轉(zhuǎn)eg. The old customs are dying. die away 逐漸減弱， 逐漸模糊 die back （植物）葉凋而不死

24、 die down 逐漸變?nèi)酰?逐漸平息 die off 相繼死去 die out 滅絕 die in ones bed 善終， 壽終正寢die (v)-death (n)- dead (adj)- dying23. wear (1)(v) 穿， 佩帶eg. Do I have to wear a tie ? (2)(v) 流露， 面帶， 呈現(xiàn)（某種狀態(tài)）eg. He wore a puzzled look on his face .(3)(vi) 消耗， 用舊， 磨損eg. The carpets are starting to wear. wear away （因重復(fù)使用而）變薄，變光滑

25、wear down 變小， 變光滑 wear off 逐漸消失， 消逝 wear on 慢慢地過去， 光陰荏苒 wear out 磨薄， 穿破 wear sb out. 使某人筋疲力盡24. score (1)(n) 得分， 評分 (2)(n) 二十 （單復(fù)數(shù)相同） eg. three score, four score(3)(v) 把 記下； 記分； 得分eg. score a point scores of = a score of 許多25. attend (1) Wed like as many people as possible to attend.(2) Our children

26、 attend the same school .(3) She hadnt been attending during the lesson 參加經(jīng)常去 ， 定期去（某處）注意專心(4) The president was attended by several members of his staff.(5)There was no one to attend him but Mary.(6) I have some urgent business to attend to.隨同， 陪同（醫(yī)生，護士）看護， 治療， 照顧處理， 應(yīng)付， 關(guān)懷26. finish (1)(vt) 完成， 做好

27、， 后接n/ving (2)(vt) 喝完， 吃完， 用盡（所剩之物）eg. He finished off his drink with one large gulp.27.more than (1)后接名詞時表示“不止是”“不僅僅是”eg. He is more than a friend to me.(2) 后接數(shù)詞表示“超過” ，相當(dāng)于overeg. I have known him for more than 5 years. (3) more than 后接形容詞，表示“很”或“非?！眅g. They were more than willing to help.(4) 后接動詞表

28、“非?！薄安恢埂薄俺觥眅g. I more than saw it : I felt it too.(5)后接副詞， 表“過于”eg. He dressed more than simply.(6) 后跟含有can（could）的從句， 常含有否定之意eg. The cold was more than we could bear.28. admire (vt) 贊美， 欽佩， 喜歡admire的現(xiàn)在分詞admiring 常用作定語，表示“贊賞的， 欽佩的” admire后不接that從句29. Theres no doubt that 毫無疑問eg. Theres no doubt tha

29、t he lied.30. surprise (1)(vt) 使驚奇， 使詫異 (2)(cn) 令人驚奇的事 (3)(un) 驚奇、驚訝 (4) surprise 是及物動詞， 主語是動詞不定時或that從句時， 常用it 做形式主語 It surprised to sb to do sth(5) surprising & surprised surprising 含主動的意思， 主語一般是物 surprised 含被動的意思， 主語一般是人to ones surprise 令人吃驚的是 take sb/sth by surprise 出其不意地襲擊31. before (1) 后只接點時間或

30、具有點時間意義的名詞，不接一段時間eg. We got up before sunrise.(2) before 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來， 當(dāng)謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間以前時， 從句謂語動詞可用過去時或過去完成時eg. I left before he had come.(3) before 用作副詞時，可以和過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時連用.32. each ： 各個， 每個(1)(pron) 在句中可用作主語、賓語和同位語(2) each 用作主語時，常用于each of 短語中， 如果each強調(diào)的是“個體” ， 謂語動詞與相關(guān)的物主代詞，通常用單數(shù)形式eg. Ea

31、ch of us has a new pen.(3)each 用作復(fù)數(shù)主語的 同位語時， 謂語動詞和相關(guān)的物主代詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式（包括附加疑問句）eg. We each have our own particular tastes, havent we?(4) each 用作限定詞，只能作定語，且只能接單數(shù)名詞。each 不可與almost， nearly 連用eg. Each school has its library.(5) each 不可與all連用each & every(1)each 和every 都有“每個”的意思，但重點不同。each 強調(diào)個別的情況， every 強調(diào)全體，有“所

32、有的”意思。eg. She knows each student of the class.eg. She knows every student of the class.(2) each 可作限定詞， 也可作代詞。作代詞時，也用作主語、賓語、或同位語；作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，而every只有和名詞連用或構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞時才能作主語或賓語eg. Each of us has / have an English dictionary. Everyone has an English dictionary 33.so that(1)so +adj +thateg. It is so cold that

33、 we have to stay at home.(2) so +adv +thateg. She danced so beautifully that all of the judges gave her full marks.(3) so many / few + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + thateg. There are so many people coming in and out that I just cant get to sleep.(4) so much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + thateg. I ate so much that I was almost sick.(

34、5) so + adj + a/ an +that.eg. It is large a room that it can hold 100 people .(6) so + adj/ adv 位于句首時， 整個句子用部分倒裝形式。即把be 動詞/ 助動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前。eg. So beautifully did she dance that all of the judges gave her full marks .34.ever (1) ever 可用在否定句和疑問句，也可用在帶有否定意思的詞的肯定句中，表示 “在任何時候（場合，情況）， 從來， 曾經(jīng)”eg. Have you

35、 ever been there ?(2) ever 意為“究竟，到底”時， 起強調(diào)作用。用在特殊疑問詞后，表示經(jīng)意或厭煩，疑問詞與ever連用時，通常應(yīng)該分開寫。eg. When ever did you see it ?(3) ever 一般位于be動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前。 修飾形容詞比較級或最高級形式時，通常在比較級的前面或最高級的后面；修飾名詞時，一般置于所修飾的名詞的后面。eg. Why didnt you ever tell me you were coming?(4) 比較級+than ever 表示“比以前更”ever + 比較級“表示“越來越”(5) eve

36、r與not可以連用，但不常用，多用never35. by the time 表示表示“到到時候時候”常引常引導(dǎo)一個從句做時間狀語導(dǎo)一個從句做時間狀語(1)by the time + 一般過去時，一般過去時， 主主句用過去完成時，表示主句動作句用過去完成時，表示主句動作發(fā)生在先發(fā)生在先eg. By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died.(2) by the time +一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時，表示主句動作將先發(fā)生將來完成時，表示主句動作將先發(fā)生eg. By the time he comes we will ha

37、ve finished the job.(3) 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞有表示狀態(tài)的當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞有表示狀態(tài)的be動詞時，主句通常不用完成時態(tài)動詞時，主句通常不用完成時態(tài)eg. By the time the doctor arrived, the patient was dead37. think (1)(vt) 接不定式作賓語接不定式作賓語時，多用在否定句和疑問句中。時，多用在否定句和疑問句中。eg . I never thought to meet you here.(2) (vt) 還可接復(fù)合賓語，常用還可接復(fù)合賓語，常用it做形式賓語做形式賓語think it to be n/ adj/ v-ed(3) think 常用于轉(zhuǎn)移否定結(jié)構(gòu)常用于轉(zhuǎn)移否定結(jié)構(gòu)(4) 當(dāng)主句是當(dāng)主句是 I (dont ) think 時，時， 如構(gòu)成反義疑問句，如構(gòu)成反義疑問句，則