1、人教修訂版高中一年級(下)Unit 19GrammarWarming up Look carefully at the change between underlined nouns and verbs. What are the rules? 1. Yesterday I went to the hospital to have my teeth examined. After the examination, the doctor told me not to have too much candy. 2. The government said the reforms will gene

2、rate many new jobs for the new generation. 3. She had planned to invite all her good friends to her wedding, but for some reason, she only sent the invitation to those who stayed in the city. 4. After they made a 5% reduction in the prices of cars, the businessmen would reduce the price of houses as

3、 well. 5. He graduated from Peking University. After graduation he went to Britain for his further study. Rules: verb + “-tion nounWord study Give the following words & expressions in various forms. n. adj. use fun nationusefulbeautifulfunnyluckynationalnaturalbeauty luck nature v. n. arrive visit d

4、evelop govern introduce prepare arrivalsurvivalvisitorwaiterdevelopmentgovernmentintroductionpreparationsurvive wait adj. n. useless lonely kind careless uselessnessloneliness kindness carelessnessExercise on Page 47 Complete the following chart & choose one word to complete each of the sentences be

5、low.Noun Verb Adjective Fertile Produce Protection Modified FertiliserProductionModificationFertiliseProductiveProtectiveModifyProtect 1. After a few tests the _ software could be used on all computers. 2. _ the environment does not mean farmers crops have to go without _.modifiedProtectingprotectio

6、n 3. If the soil is not _ farmers have to use chemical _. 4. If we want to _ more, everybody has to be more _.fertilefertilisersproduceproductiveThe Use of “it for Emphasis 強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為It is / was that / who ，用來強調(diào)除謂語以外的任何成份。被強調(diào)的局部放在is / was的后面。如果被強調(diào)的是人，那么后面用who或that；如果被強調(diào)的是物或其他情況，那么一律用that。 如：It was Jim

7、 who / that shot a bear yesterday. 強調(diào)主語 JimIt was a bear that Jim shot yesterday. 強調(diào)賓語 a bearIt was yesterday that Jim shot a bear. 強調(diào)時間狀語 yesterday學(xué)習(xí)強調(diào)句型應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題： 1. 如果被強調(diào)的是句子的狀語，那么不可用when, where或because等相應(yīng)的詞，而必須用that。如： It was on the bus that I met her yesterday. 強調(diào)地點狀語on the bus，注意不能用where。 It w

8、as when I was in the kitchen that I heard an explosion. 強調(diào)時間狀語when I was in the kitchen，注意不可用when。 2. 如果被強調(diào)局部是名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，系動詞仍然用is或was。如： It was those children that I saw playing by the pond. 盡管強調(diào)的是those children，是復(fù)數(shù)，仍然用was。 It was stupid students who/that dont ask questions. 盡管強調(diào)的是stupid students，是復(fù)

9、數(shù)，仍然用is。 3. 在強調(diào)主語時，that/who后的謂語應(yīng)與前面被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。如： It is you who are wrong. are與you保持一致 It is I who am wrong. am與I 保持一致 It is Mr Wilson who/that is the chairman. is與Mr Wilson 保持一致 4. 在強調(diào)until引出的時間狀語時，其句型為：It is not until that ， 一般多譯成漢語的肯定句。如： It was not until 1972 that we began studying English. 直到197

10、2年我們才開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。 It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 我一直到昨天才注意到它。 5. 該句型的一般疑問句形式：Is / Was it that ? 如： Is it Mr Wilson that is the chairman? Is it not until yesterday that you noticed it? 注意：在強調(diào)when, where, who, what等時，須將這類特殊疑問詞放在句首。如： When was it that the story took place? 而不說： Was it when th

11、at the story took place? What is it that you have to sell? 而不說：Is it what that you have to sell? 6. 由since/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語不可以作為被強調(diào)的局部。如不能說： It was since it raised so many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out. 這是因為由since/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常是一種信息，而信息是不需要強調(diào)的。如果原因狀語從句由because引出，那么為未知信息，所以b

12、ecause引出的分句可以作為強調(diào)句中被強調(diào)的局部。 如: It was because it raised so many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out. 7. 由though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句及條件狀語從句等也通常不能作為強調(diào)句中的被強調(diào)局部。如： The natives were generous although they were poor. 不可以改寫成： It was although they were poor that the natives were gene

13、rous. 8. 判斷是否為強調(diào)句的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：如果將句中的it is/was和that/who去掉，看剩余的局部結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，句意是否明了，如果是，那么為強調(diào)句型。如： It was Mary that has won the first place. 將句中的it was和that 去掉，原句變?yōu)椋?Mary has won the first place. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，表意明確，故原句為強調(diào)句。 再如： It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 如果將it is 和that去掉，那么原句變?yōu)? Mary shoul

14、d have won the first place surprising. 這個句子不完整，所以原句不是強調(diào)句型。此句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的從句。 More examples: It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 將這個句子中it was和that去掉，原句為: I noticed it yesterday. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，表意明確，說明這是一個強調(diào)句型。再如： It was those children that I saw playing by the pond. 將句中的it was和that去掉，那么變成

15、： I saw those children playing by the pond. 該句是一個完整的句子，故原句為強調(diào)句。Exercises I. Rewrite the sentences, emphasizing the underlined part. 1. In early times people traveled on foot or on horseback. It was in early times that people traveled on foot or on horseback. 2. Her diligence earned her the respect o

16、f her teachers. It was her diligence that earned her the respect of her teachers. 3. They were talking about the Olympic Games. It was the Olympic Games that they were talking about. 4. He left the day that I arrived. It was the day that I arrived that he left. 5. The children often help their paren

17、ts do the farm work. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work. 6. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. 7. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers

18、 is the shortage of arable land. It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers. 8. The plants grown in greenhouses are protected from the wind, rain and insects. It is the plants grown in greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects. 9. Future ag

19、riculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on. II. Rewrite the sentences below, emphasizing as many parts as possible. 1. Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.

20、 It was Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year. It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year. It was a new tie that Henry gave George for his birthday last year. It was last year that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday. 2. During that period of

21、time they made three important discoveries. It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries. It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time. It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time. 3. Some people in South

22、 America still practice this kind of farming. It is in South America that some people still practice this kind of farming. It is some people in South America who still practice this kind of farming. It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practice. III. 從 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可

23、以填入空白處的最正確選項。1. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; when 2. Was it during the Second World War _ he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 3. It was through Jack _ Mary got to know Bob. A. who B.

24、 whom C. how D. that 4. It was _ I went there _ I began to know something about the matter. A. until; that B. not until; when C. not until; that D. not when; that 5. _ you have to sell? A. Is it what that B. What it is that C. What is it which D. What is it that 6. Its the third time _ I have been there. A. that B. which C. when D. whether 7. Were all five people in the car injured in the accident? No, _ only two who got hurt. A. there are B. they were C. it was D. there